(英语)高考英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析.pdf

（英语）高考英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析（英语）高考英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Most of us have been in this situation:Youre on your way to your friends house,then yousuddenly ask yourself,Did I remember to turn the lights off?”For those with smart homes,however,this wouldnt be a problem.Over the last few years,smart home technology has become more popular.Thanks to user-friendly products like intelligent lighting and heating controllers,people can control nearly everyelectrical item in their homes from anywhere in the world.While smart homes arent new,companies like Philips,Amazon and Xiaomi have finally broughtautomation to everyday people with affordable products like artificial intelligence(AI)speakersand sensors.“The obvious message is that you can stop wasting energy,”Tom Kerber,director of researchfor U.S-based digital company Parks Associates,told The Guardian.And the technology also has more meaningful uses.In Norway,for example,one company isusing smart tech to make life easier for its elderly customers.Abilias system allows carers tocheck up on patients through a tablet on a wall inside their home.The device sends patientsreminders about tasks,such as when they need to take medication(冥想).It can even tell carers iftheres any unusual activity in the home that could be life-threatening.“This kind of system allows people to take care of themselves,which is the most importantthing,”Abilias vice president,Oystein Johnsen,told the BBC.It also saves the governmentmoney.In Norway,it costs 1 million kroner(about 0.8 million yuan)per year to have someone ina care home.This system costs 15,000 kroner a year.”So,for those who have already gone smart,will it ever be possible to go back to do things inthe old-fashioned way?I think it would be difficult.When we go to a friends house or onvacation we find ourselves expecting the house to do things for us that we should do,Poulson,35,a senior program manager from Seattle.,U.S.,explained.（1）What are the first and second paragraphs used for?A.Introducing the topic.B.Describing the situation.C.Advertising smart homes.D.Putting forward the authors opinion.（2）What do Philips,Amazon and Xiaomi have in common?A.They are all designing smart homes.B.They are all U.S-based digital company.C.Theyve all advanced in smart technology.D.Theyve all received affordable productsautomatically.（3）What does Abilias system allow users to do in Norway?A.To take care of themselves.B.To buy user-friendly products.C.To control heating and cooling.D.To switch lights through a tablet.（4）Whats Poulsons attitude to smart technology?A.Cautious.B.Favorable C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能家居领域又有了新的进展。(1)考查推理判断。第一、二段是对智能家居的现象的描述，从第三段开始文章介绍了智能家居在人们日常生活中的发展及应用，因此，第一、二段是为了引出“智能家居”的话题。故选 A。(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“.companies like Philips Amazon and Xiaomi have finallybrought automation to everyday people with affordable products like artificial intelligence（AI）speakers and sensors”可知，这几家公司已经通过人们负担得起的产品将自动化带到人们的日常生活中，因此，它们的共同点是都在智能科技方面取得了进步。故选C。(3)考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“This kind of system allows people to take care ofthemselves,which is the most important thing,Abilias vice president,Oystein Johnsen,told theBBC.”可知，Alibia 的系统可以让使用者照顾自己。故选A。(4)考查推理判断。最后一段中波尔森说的话承接该段第一句提出的问题So,for those whohave alreadygone smart,will it ever be possible to go back to do things in the oldfashionedway？”。他认为如果没有了智能技术，人们很难再用老的方式做事情，如我们去朋友家或外出度假时，我们会希望房子能够做一些本该我们做的事情。由此可推测，波尔森对智能技术持支持态度。故选 B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence,he uses big words to appear smarter,ofwhich most people dont know the meaning.Only when I need to impress the person.I preferusing big words,says the 45-year-old.Adkins is not alone.Many people use longer words in place of shorter ones because they know,consciously or unconsciously,that when others form impressions of them after a glance or ashort conversation,they often work harder to give the right impression.People think,if I canshow that I have a good vocabulary,Ill sound smarter says Daniel Oppenheimer,PhD,a professorof psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.However,if the listeners do notunderstand those long words,he adds,it will leave a bad impression instead.The truth is that it can easily go wrong.Its almost a game that two people are playing,saysEric Igou,PhD,a social psychologist at Irelands University of Limerick.If the observer,person B,doesnt have the same theory,it can backfire.Person A may be regarded as showing off insteadof being intelligent.Using big words may also confuse listeners,which is definitely moving in the wrong direction,People associate intelligence with clearness of expressions,says Oppenheimer.Thats especiallytrue when it comes to the written word.A small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology(应用认知心理学)found that the more writers tried to sound smart,the less intelligent they wereconsidered to be.So what can you do to sound smarter?Speak clearly and directly.Leave the dictionary at yourdesk.（1）Why does Kevin Adkins prefer saying big words sometimes?A.He wants to make himself more easily understood.B.He believes that it is cool.C.He enjoys the feelings of being mysterious.D.He hopes that what he says sounds smart.（2）What is Professor Oppenheimers attitude towards the behavior of using big words?A.Disapproving.B.Favorable.C.Indifferent.D.Cautious.（3）What does Eric Igou mean by saying it can backfire in paragraph 3?A.It can catch fire.B.Person B can fire person A.C.It can deliver an opposite effect.D.The observer can also fight back.（4）What can we learn from the small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology?A.The writer who never uses big words is more intelligent.B.The writer who uses big words the most is the most intelligent.C.People like the writers who only use short and clear expressions.D.The writers should avoid using big words often in their writings.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们将智慧和清晰的表达联系在一起，因此给人留下聪明印象的说话技巧在于你能够让对方很容易地理解你的意思。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence,heuses big words to appear smarter,of which most people dont know the meaning.”可知，KevinAdkins 承认，当他缺乏信心时，他会说一些人们不经常使用的词使自己显得更聪明，而大多数人却不知道其中的含义。因此 Kevin Adkins 有时喜欢说一些人们不经常使用的词的原因是他希望他所说的话听起来充满智慧。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“However,if the listeners do not understand those longwords,he adds,it will leave a bad impression instead.”和第四段中的“Using big words may alsoconfuse listeners,which is definitely moving in the wrong direction,People associate intelligencewith clearness of expressions,says Oppenheimer.”可知，Oppenheimer 教授认为，如果听者不懂说话者的那些长话，这会给听者留下不好的印象。说人们不经常使用的词可能会使听众感到困惑，这会引起人们的误解，人们将智慧与表达的清晰性联系在一起。因此Oppenheimer 教授对说话者使用人们不熟悉的词的行为持不赞成态度。故选A。（3）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Person A may be regarded as showing off instead ofbeing intelligent.”可知，说长话的人 A 可能被认为是在炫耀而不能体现其聪明。因此划线句子的意思是“它起到了相反的作用”，即说长话的人达到的效果与预想中的让别人看起来很聪明的效果是相反的。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“A small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology foundthat the more writers tried to sound smart,the less intelligent they were considered to be.”可知，一项关于应用认知心理学的小型研究发现，作家越是要让自己听起来聪明，他们就越被认为不那么聪明。因此我们可以从应用认知心理学的小型研究了解到作家应避免在写作中经常使用人们不熟悉的词。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were,for a long time,considered second-class citizens.As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted,chickens distinguish amongone hundredchicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation.When givenproblems to solve,they reason:hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to giveup an immediate food reward for a slightly later(and better)one.Healthy hens may aid friends,and mourn when those friend die.Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols.When a research team led by Candace Croney atPenn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs,only theO carriers offered food to the animals.The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the Os.Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols.Still,thepigs walked only toward the O-shirted people:they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format,a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.Ive been guilty of prejudiced expectations,myself.At the start of my career almost fourdecades ago,I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals.Theyre other primates(灵长目动物),after all,animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的)class.Fairly soon,I came to see that along with our closest living relatives,whales too are mastersof cultural learning,and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their socialcompanions.Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift inour society:the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedurekin laboratories,elephants forced to perform in circuses,and dolphins kept in small tanks attheme parks.Over time,though,as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish,chickens,pigs,goats,and cows,I started to wonder:Will the new science of food animals bringan ethical(伦理的)revolution in terms of who we eat?In other words,will our ethics start tocatch up with the development of our science?Animal activists are already there,of course,committed to not eating these animals.But whatabout the rest of us?Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us tomake changes in who we eat?（1）According to Annie Potts,hens have the ability of_.A.interaction B.analysis C.creation D.abstraction（2）The research into pigs shows that pigs_.A.learn letters quickly B.have a good eyesightC.can build up a good relationship D.can apply knowledge to new situations（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about_.A.the similarities between mammals and humansB.the necessity of long-term studies onmammalsC.a change in peoples attitudes towards animalsD.a discovery of how animals expressthemselves（4）What might be the best title for the passage?A.The Inner Lives of Food Animals B.The Lifestyles of Food AnimalsC.Science Reports on Food AnimalsD.A Revolution in Food Animals【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们原来当作食物的动物实际上也有情感有思想，它们有一定的分析推理能力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“When given problems to solve,they reason:hens trained t opick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later(and better)one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。故B 选项正确。（2）推理判断题。由第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols.When aresearch team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks markedwith X and O symbols around pigs,only the O carriers offered food to the animals.The pigs soonignored the X carriers in favor of the Os.Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirtsprinted with X or O symbols.Still,the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people:they hadtransferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format,a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿着带 X 标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O 标记的木板，只有拿带 O 标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带X 和 O 标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带 O 标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。结合选项，D 选项正确。（3）段落大意题。由第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago,I wasfirmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals.Fairly soon,I cameto see that along with our closest living relatives,whales too are masters of cultural learning,andelephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions.Long-termstudieshelped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society:the public no longer so easily acceptsmonkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories,elephants forced to perform incircuses,and dolphins keptin small tanks at theme parks.”可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变：我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故C选项正确。（4）标题归纳题。第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们（即：我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化）。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故 A 选项适合做该文标题。【点评】文章标题解题技巧：（1）要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；（2）再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；（3）要注意题目是过大还是过小；（4）要避免下列三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。4阅读理解 About aspirin:Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerousmedical problems including headaches,toothache,inflammation and infections.It is also suitableto treat colds and flu-like symptoms,and to reduce a high temperature.Who can take aspirin?Adults and children over 16 years of age.Who should not take aspirin?Women who are pregnant,or plan to become pregnant.Aspirin may harm your unborn baby.Women who are breast-feeding.Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work.How to take aspirin:Take aspirin after meals,with a full glass of water or milk.The recommended dose(剂量)ranges from two to three tablets at a time.Never take morethan 4g 12 tablets)in any 24-hour period.You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin orpainkiller.How to store aspirin:Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.Store aspirin in a cool,dry place,away from direct heat and light.Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can cause it to lose itseffectiveness.Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.Possible side effects:Feeling sick,increased risk of bleeding,stomach pain,indigestion and heartburn are common.If these effects continue,contact your doctor.Ringing in the ears,difficulty breathing,dizziness,and mental confusion are rare.If these occur,stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.（1）In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?A.Stomachache.B.Fever.C.Breathlessness.D.Nosebleed.（2）How many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?A.6.B.5.C.4.D.3.（3）What type of writing is this text?A.A hospital announcement.B.A medical report.C.A doctors suggestions list.D.Medical instructions.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms,and to reduce a high temperature.”可知，阿司匹林可以退烧，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The recommended dose(剂量)ranges from two tothree tablets at a time.Never take more than 4g 12 tablets in any 24-hour period.”可知，每次2-3 片，一天不能超过 12 片，最多六次，故选 A。（3）考查主旨大意。本文属于说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项，因而是一篇药物使用说明书，故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇药物使用说明书，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。5阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。These days,I walk down the steps leading toward the south end of the All England Club inWimbledon,and still look for the Crows Nest,a small green observation tower with an outerladder that I used to climb on for a wide view of the grounds,but which has since been knockeddown.The Crows N