2018-2017届中考英语二轮复习《第10讲任务型阅读专题》讲义.doc

任务型阅读;【知识点睛】;题材：社会生活、人物传记、科普、广告、咨询等,题型：根据短文内容，设置判断、选择、填空、填表格、完成句子、回答问题、找近义句、找主题句、概括主题、提出问题、英译汉、在文中的横线上，填写一个恰当的单词等题型。（河南的考察形式：选择句子填入文中空缺处使短文完整。）从题型看，任务型阅读不仅能考查学生的阅读理解能力，还能考查学生的语言组织能力、单词拼写能力、英汉互译能力以及其他语言知识，较好地呼应了新课标所倡导的“任务型语言教学”模式。技巧：1. _，_答题前, 认真阅读文章, 掌握文章提供的信息内容, 同时要明确文章的中心思想，为答题做好准备。2. _，_通读全文后，再浏览问题，从原文中找出能回答问题的关键信息。关键：1. _，_除了注意书写规范以外, 还要确保表达的准确性, 要注意语态、时态和人称等的变化。2. _，_完成任务后要把答案带入原文，检查所写的答案是否符合要求，发现问题及时解决。河南任务型阅读命题形式：河南任务型阅读（D篇阅读理解）的文体以说明文为主，话题主要为咨询建议和学生学习，偶尔涉及人际交往。词数为180-330，多为3-7段，生词为0-3个，且均给出汉语意思。设题形式为还原句子型，且在文中均匀设空，首句和尾句的设空不超过1个。所给选项以单句为主，少量涉及复合句，如状语从句和定语从句、宾语从句，且词数一般不超过15个。河南任务型阅读做题步骤： 第一步：快速阅读文章，把握文段语脉，寻找主题句，理出文章中心大意。 第二步：详读段落，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 第三步：分析语段的内部逻辑层次，定位选项；分析备选项，对应上下文语境，确定选项。 第四步：检查核对。将所选答案带入文中，再次通读全文。 【精讲精练】AThere are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant (令人愉快的) but are not. 1_ When someone says they have to “face the music”, it does not mean they are going to a concert. “Facing the music” means to accept and deal with the punishment of an action. 2_ For example, “I cant face another night of camping! Its cold and rainy”. Or “In life, you must face your fears”. Face used in this way is very common. But now, lets go back to facing the music. Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car. She gives you the keys and says, “Thanks so much for watching my car while Im away. But please, do not drive it. It is an extremely (极其) fast car. 3_ You want to show off to some friends. So, you drive it around town one night. As bad luck would have it, you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign. Bang! When your friend returns you must tell her what you have done and “face the music”. 4_ It could be losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her sports car or both. Whatever the music is, you must face it. 5_ To “take your medicine” means to accept the results from something bad you have done. And if someone says, “You made your bed. Now lie in it.” they mean you created a bad situation and now you will experience the results. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。使短文意思通顺，内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题后的横线上。 A. But you do not listen. B. “Face the music” is a good example. C. The “music” here is the result of your actions. D. Americans often use the word “face” in this way. E. There are other American expressions that mean the same thing as “Face the music”. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ BEarthquakes usually come without warning. What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself. Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival (幸存；存活) in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. 6 _. 7. _ You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects. 8. _ Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm the people nearby. 9. _ For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Remember to always hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 阅读以上短文，从下面四个中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使文意通顺、正确；根据短文内容回答第10小题。 A. If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. B. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life. C. If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. D. When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ ( )1. What is the passage mainly about? A. The ways to protect yourself when an earthquake happens. B. The ways to stay away from tall buildings. C. The ways to stay calm. D. The ways to move outdoors to an open area. CA mouse was surprised to discover that the farmer and his wife had a mousetrap（老鼠夹）in the house. It ran to warn everyone, “There is a mousetrap in the house!” A hen raised his head and said, “Mr. Mouse, this mousetrap is only for you. I wont be worried about it.” The mouse turned to a pig, “I am sorry, Mr. Mouse, but the mousetrap has nothing to do with me, either!” the pig said. Then the mouse turned to a cow, “It sounds like you have a problem, not me.” the cow said. The mouse returned to the house with head down and it was very sad because no one would help. That night the farmers wife heard a loud sound and she rushed to see what was caught. In the darkness she could not see that it was a snake. The snake bit（咬）the farmers wife. The wife caught a bad fever and the farmer found the best way to treat a fever was chicken soup. So the farmer killed the hen for the soup. The wife got worse and her friends came to visit her. The farmer had to kill the pig to feed them. But the wife didnt get better and died. Her friends came and the farmer had to kill the cow to feed all of them. So remember when any one of us is in trouble, we may all be in trouble. 11. Why was the mouse very sad? （不超过5个词）_12. What was caught by the mousetrap that night? （不超过5个词） _13. What can we learn from the story? （不超过15个词） _DIs chatting on your mobile phone boring without colorful emojis (表情符号)? Those happy, sad and laughing faces help us talk. So what kind of emoji does a country like most? It has something to do with the environment and culture of different countries, according to a report in The Atlantic. France loves heart emoji more than any other country. Its reported that 55% of emojis it uses are hearts .This adds to Frances image (形象) as a romantic country. As for Americans, we see many users choose food pictures. America uses the burger and chicken leg emoji more often than other countries. Besides, a nations scenery and history affect its emoji usage, too? As it often snows in Russia, people there turn to snow emoji more than those in any other country. In China, people like using panda emoji. And Australia uses more rabbit emoji than anywhere else. It once built the longest fence (篱笆) in the world to keep rabbits from eating their way too far west. 根据短文内容填空, 每空填一词。 14. The _ emojis can help people _ on the mobile phone. 15. France loves _ emoji best _ France is a romantic country. 16. The environment, culture, as well as _ and scenery of a country can _ its emoji usage. 17. It is often for _ to choose emoji of food _ the burger and chicken leg. 18. Australia once built the _ fence in the world to _ rabbits eating their way too far west. E Do you often help the people who are in need? One day, two boys were walking along the road to school when they saw an old woman carrying a large basket of pears. The old woman looked very tired. They went up and said, “Are you going to town? If you are, well help you carry your basket.” “Thank you,” said the woman. “Thats very kind of you.” Then she told them that she was going to the market to sell the pears. So the boys decided to lift the basket together. They walked slowly with the heavy basket, but they were happy. The other day, I saw a little girl pick up a piece of banana peel (水果皮). She threw it into the dustbin (垃圾箱). “I hope nobody would throw that on the street,” she said. “Someone may slip (滑倒) and fall.” Perhaps some people may say that these are not great things. Thats right. But almost all great things are made up of such small things. We shouldnt wait for the time to do great things. We should begin with these things that are full of love. 19.What was the old woman carrying?（根据短文内容回答问题）_20.Where were the two boys going?（根据短文内容回答问题）_21.Should we wait for the time to do great things?（根据短文内容回答问题）_22. 从短文中找出与下面句子画线部分意思相同或相近的单词。But almost all great things are made up of such small things. _23.In the passage, the underlined word “it” refers to _. FA. Goldie does not care about beauty or clothes B. She learned to make a machine with the blocks（积木） C. Yet girls appear far less interested in STEM subjects D. They should also provide a good education E. The four areas together are known as STEM Not enough American students want to be engineers, mathematicians, or scientists. The US government wants to change that. The government will spend three billion dollars on the education of young Americans in science, technology, engineering, and math. (24) _. Many jobs in the STEM fields will open in the coming years. The purpose of the governments investment (投资) is to increase the number of Americans who can take those jobs. (25) _ than boys. Only 25 percent of STEM students are girls. Camsie McAdams is at the US Education Department. She says girls simply do not feel welcomed in STEM subjects. Debbie Sterling is an engineer. She invented a toy for girls. The name of the toy is “Goldie Blox”. To interest girls, Sterling created the character “Goldie”. (26) _. Goldie tells stories, solves difficult problems and builds new worlds. Mia is a seven-year-old girl who likes science. In her room, she has no fashion dolls. Instead, she received a set of Goldie Blox from her grandmother. (27) _. Experts say parents should do more than just buy toys to interest their girls in STEM subjects. (28) _. At school, girls should take part in projects that require teamwork and creative thinking. 根据材料内容，从五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。24. _ 25. _ 26. _ 27. _ 28. _ 【参考答案】 【知识点睛】 通读全文，感知任务 紧扣原文，搜寻信息 全面兼顾，准确作答 认真检查，验证答案 【精讲精练】 A：BDACEB：BCADA C：11. (Because) no one would help. 12. A snake (was caught). 13. (Remember) when any one of us is in trouble, we may all be in trouble. / We should help others when they are in trouble. D：14. colorful；talk/chat/communicate 15. heart；because/as/for 16. history；affect/influence 17. Americans/America；like 18. longest；stop/prevent E：19. She was carrying a large basket of pears. 20.They were going to school/town. 21.No, we shouldnt. 22.little 23.the piece of banana peel F：ECABD ,