高优指导2021高三英语二轮复习专题能力训练九完形填空说明文.doc

专题能力训练九完形填空(说明文)ABarack Obama was born in Honolulu,Hawaii on August 4,1961.His parents 1 while both were 2 the University of Hawaii at Manoa,where his father was enrolled as a 3 student.Barack Obamas birth name is Barack Hussein Obama.In the memoir(传记),Barack Obama described his experiences 4 in his mothers American middle class family.Of his early childhood,Barack Obama wrote,“That my father looked nothing 5 the people around methat he was 6 as pitch(沥青),my mother white as milk7 impressed in my mind.”When Obama was two years old,his parents divorced.Then the family moved to Indonesia in 1967,8 Obama attended local schools,such as Asisi,in Jakarta 9 he was ten years old.He then 10 to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents(外祖父母)Madalyn and Stanley Dunham,while attending Punahou School from the fifth grade in 1971 until his 11 from high school in 1979.12 high school,Obama moved to Los Angeles,where he studied at Occidental College(西方学院)for two years.13 his academic ambitions,he moved to New Yorks Columbia University,where he 14 his undergraduate degree in political science.Barack Obama is the first African-American 15 President of the United States.His rich and varied life experiences have 16 his political journey.Barack Obama is able to 17 parties and people under a similar purpose 18 the challenges of everyday Americans.This is a big part of what makes Barack Obama such a(n)19 candidate(候选人)in the 2008 election.On January 20,2009,Barack Obama 20 the chair of the American President as the 44th President of the country.1.A.touchedB.metC.exchangedD.influenced答案:B解析:巴拉克奥巴马的父母是在上大学期间认识的。A项 “触碰,触及”;B项 “碰面,遇见”;C项 “交换,交流”;D项 “影响”。答案为B项。2.A.attendingB.leavingC.quittingD.overcoming答案:A解析:根据第1题解析可知答案为A项,attend university “上大学”。B项 “离开”;C项 “放弃,停止”;D项 “克服,战胜”。3.A.hopefulB.cleverC.foreignD.promising答案:C解析:由倒数第二段的第一句话可知他父亲是非洲人,所以他是作为一名外国学生入学的。答案为C项。4.A.taking upB.turning upC.calling upD.growing up答案:D解析:在传记中,奥巴马描述了他在母亲的美国中产阶级家庭中成长的经历。A项 “占据(时间,空间),开始,从事”;B项 “出现,调大”;C项 “打电话,唤起”;D项 “成长,长大”。答案为D项。5.A.likeB.asC.forD.on答案:A解析:奥巴马写道,在早期的童年时代,父亲和周围的人一点都不像父亲像沥青一样黑,而母亲则像牛奶一样白。这是奥巴马唯一印象深刻的东西。like在此为介词,表示 “像” 。6.A.blackB.greenC.blueD.red答案:A解析:根据后面的pitch(沥青)和white as milk可知此处应该是指 “像沥青一样黑”,所以答案为A项。7.A.hardlyB.reallyC.onlyD.probably答案:C解析:根据第5题解析可知答案为C项。8.A.whenB.whereC.whileD.so答案:B解析:两岁时父母离异,奥巴马随家人搬到了印度尼西亚,并在当地入学,直到十岁。此处考查where引导非限制性定语从句。答案为B项。9.A.as ifB.becauseC.althoughD.until答案:D解析:根据第8题解析可知答案为D项,until “直到为止”。10.A.returnedB.managedC.travelledD.went答案:A解析:由文章首句可知,奥巴马出生于Honolulu “火奴鲁鲁”,所以说10岁后,奥巴马返回了火奴鲁鲁。答案为A项。11.A.independenceB.graduationC.improvementD.success答案:B解析:由前面的 “the fifth grade in 1971” 可以推断奥巴马是在1979年高中毕业,所以答案为B项。12.A.AddingB.CatchingC.FollowingD.Studying答案:C解析:由后文内容可知,高中毕业之后奥巴马到洛杉矶上大学,所以答案为C项,意为 “之后”。13.A.To realizeB.To honorC.To shareD.To enjoy答案:A解析:为了实现他学术上的抱负,他来到了纽约哥伦比亚大学。此处考查不定式作目的状语。根据句意可知答案为A项。14.A.acceptedB.earnedC.arrangedD.rejected答案:B解析:在那里他获得了政治学学士学位。答案为B项,意为 “赚得,赢得,获取”。A项 “接受”;C项 “安排”;D项 “拒绝,排斥”。15.A.recommendedB.chargedC.developedD.elected答案:D解析:奥巴马是第一位被选为美国总统的非裔美国人。A项 “推荐,建议”;B项 “收费,控告”;C项 “发展,培养,养成,冲洗(胶卷)”;D项 “选举”。答案为D项。16.A.shapedB.designedC.provedD.repeated答案:A解析:他丰富多彩的人生经历对他的政治生涯产生了影响。A项 “塑造,影响”;B项 “设计”;C项 “证明,证实”;D项 “重复”。答案为A项。17.A.leadB.combineC.guideD.unite答案:D解析:为了迎接美国人民要面对的各种挑战,巴拉克奥巴马将各个党派和人民团结在这一共同目标下。迎接挑战自然要团结各方力量,所以答案为D项,意为 “联合,统一”。A项 “引导,通向”;B项 “结合”;C项 “向导,指导”。18.A.understandingB.meetingC.performingD.reaching答案:B解析:根据第17题解析可知答案为B项。meet the challenges “迎接挑战”。19.A.experiencedB.attractiveC.suitableD.famous答案:C解析:奥巴马能够成为2008年总统选举合适的候选人很大程度上就是因为这一点。A项 “经验丰富的,老练的”;B项 “吸引人的”;C项 “合适的”;D项 “著名的”。答案为C项。20.A.occupiedB.employedC.receivedD.postponed答案:A解析:2009年1月20日,奥巴马坐上了美国总统的宝座,成为美国第44任总统。A项 “占据,担任,从事”;B项 “雇用”;C项 “收到”;D项 “推迟”。答案为A项。BIn the past,people usually believed what newly-born babies wanted was food and to be kept warm and dry.They thought babies were not able to 1 things until they were five or six months old.2 the researchers in the United States now believe babies begin learning on their first 3 of life.They say babies are strongly 4 by their environment and one baby will 5 if his or her mother does something that the baby likes.A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to 6 her mother.This is how babies start to learn to 7 and communicate with other people.The researchers say this ability to learn 8 in a baby even before birth.They also 9 the idea that newly-born babies can 10 and understand sounds they heard while they were still 11 inside their mothers.Recently,an American study 12 112 babies found babies learned better when they were 13.The babies appeared to learn well whether they were sitting up on their own,sitting in seats or 14 to sit up.The researchers say keeping that kind of 15 had what they called a 16 effect on the babies ability to learn about objects.They say the body position may be linked to development in the 17.One 18 says babies can pay more attention to 19 an object if they do not have to be 20 about their balance.1.A.eatB.knowC.rememberD.learn答案:D解析:由上下文内容可知,以前人们认为婴儿要到五六个月大的时候才开始学习事物,答案为D项。2.A.BesidesB.WhileC.ButD.Therefore答案:C解析:但最新的研究表明婴儿从一出生就开始了学习过程,甚至在他们还未出生时就开始。故答案为C项。3.A.hourB.dayC.weekD.month答案:B解析:根据第2题解析可知答案为B项。4.A.influencedB.acceptedC.disturbedD.moved答案:A解析:研究人员称,婴儿极容易受外界环境的影响。A项 “影响”;B项 “接受”;C项 “打断,妨碍”;D项 “移动,搬家”。答案为A项。5.A.cryB.smileC.eatD.sing答案:B解析:根据第二段开头 “A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to.” 可知,当母亲做婴儿喜欢的事情时,婴儿会报以微笑。答案为B项。6.A.annoyB.loveC.noticeD.please答案:D解析:婴儿通过微笑来取悦母亲,回报给予的呵护。A项 “使恼怒”;B项 “爱”;C项 “注意到”;D项 “取悦,使高兴”。答案为D项。7.A.liveB.connectC.speakD.smile答案:B解析:这是婴儿学习如何与别人联系和交流的方式。根据后面的communicate可知应该选择B项,意为 “联系,连接,接通”。8.A.disappearsB.informsC.existsD.happens答案:C解析:根据后文内容可知答案为C项。婴儿的学习能力在出生之前就已经形成了。A项 “消失”;B项 “通知,告知”;D项 “发生,碰巧”。9.A.inferB.supportC.denyD.instruct答案:B解析:研究人员同样赞成婴儿在母体内发育期间就可以分辨和理解他们听到的声音。infer “推理,推断”;support “支持,赞成”;deny “否认,否定”;instruct “指导,指示”。由also可知答案为B项。10.A.recognizeB.realizeC.receiveD.record答案:A解析:根据第9题解析可知答案为A项,意为 “认出,识别出”。B项 “意识到,实现”;C项 “收到”;D项 “记录”。11.A.sleepingB.deliveringC.mindingD.developing答案:D解析:根据第9题解析可知答案为D项,意为 “发展,发育”。A项 “睡觉”;B项 “投递,演讲,接生”;C项 “介意”。12.A.helpingB.raisingC.involvingD.containing答案:C解析:最近,美国的一项针对112名婴儿的研究发现当婴儿能够坐起来的时候学习效果是最好的。A项 “帮助”;B项 “举起,养育”;C项 “包括,牵涉”;D项 “含有”。答案为C项。13.A.sleeping soundlyB.lying downC.awaking clearlyD.sitting up答案:D解析:由下文 “The babies appeared to learn well whether they were sitting up on their own” 可知答案为D项。14.A.assistedB.forcedC.askedD.mentioned答案:A解析:根据前文 “sitting up on their own,sitting in seats” 可知应该选A项,意为 “帮扶”。婴儿被扶着坐起来。15.A.hobbyB.gestureC.decorationD.purpose答案:B解析:此处用gesture “体态,姿势” 代表前面提到的sit up,所以答案为B项。A项 “喜好,嗜好”;C项 “装饰,装修”;D项 “目的”。16.A.negativeB.unmarkedC.significantD.side答案:C解析:研究人员称保持坐着的姿势对婴儿学习事物的能力有重大的影响。A项 “消极的,否定的”;B项 “无记号的,未被注意的”;C项 “重大的,有意义的”;D项 “负面的”。答案为C项。17.A.languageB.feelingC.brainD.body答案:C解析:他们称这种体态姿势和大脑的发育有联系。婴儿学习能力的获得是通过大脑实现的,所以选择C项。18.A.psychologistB.motherC.doctorD.researcher答案:D解析:一位研究人员说,婴儿如果不用担心自己身体平衡的话,他们就可以把更多的注意力用于新事物的探索上。根据上文内容可知这些调查结果都出自于研究人员之手,所以答案为D项。19.A.exploringB.findingC.feelingD.discovering答案:A解析:根据第18题解析可知答案为A项,意为 “探索,探究”。20.A.eagerB.confidentC.worriedD.curious答案:C解析:根据第18题解析可知答案为C项。be worried about “为感到焦虑不安”。CGenerally speaking,a British is widely regarded as a quiet,shy and conservative(保守)person who is 1 only among those with whom he is familiar.When a stranger is present,he often seems nervous,2 embarrassed.You have to take a commuter train(通勤车)any morning or evening to 3 the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or 4 off in a corner;hardly anybody talks,since to do so would be considered quite offensive(冒犯的).5,there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior,which,once 6,makes the offender immediately the object of 7.One of the few things we can say about the British with certainty is that a British takes a(n)8 to the discussion of their weather and that,if given a chance,he will talk about it 9.Some people argue that it is because the British weather 10 follows forecast and thus becomes a source of interest to everyone.This may be so.Certainly a British cannot have much 11 in the weathermen,whose predictions,in many cases,12 to be wrong! The man in the street seems to be as accurateor as inaccurateas the weathermen in his 13.Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references 14 weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day.Very often conversational greetings are 15 by comments on the weather.“Nice day,isnt it?” “Beautiful day!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning,how are you?” 16 the foreigner may consider this exaggerated(夸大)and comic,it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his 17.If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is 18 to know where to begin,he could do well to mention the state of the weather.It is a(n)19 subject to which a response may well be 20 of even the most reserved of the British.1.A.relaxedB.frustratedC.amusedD.exhausted答案:A解析:一般来说,英国人总是被认为是很安静、腼腆和保守的。他们只有在有熟人在场的情况下才会感觉放松。根据下文提到的nervous和embarrassed可知,在有陌生人在场的情况下会感觉紧张,甚至尴尬,所以答案为A项,意为 “放松的,随意的”。B项 “受挫的”;C项 “愉快的,觉得好笑的”;D项 “用完的,筋疲力尽的”。2.A.yetB.otherwiseC.evenD.so答案:C解析:nervous和embarrassed两个词之间为递进关系,所以答案为C项,意为 “甚至”。3.A.experienceB.witnessC.watchD.undertake答案:B解析:你可以乘坐早上或晚上的通勤车去亲眼见证一下英国人的这些特点。A项 “体验,经历”;B项 “目击,见证”;C项 “观察,观看,守卫”;D项 “承担,从事,答应”。答案为B项。4.A.whisperingB.murmuringC.noddingD.laughing答案:C解析:表情严肃的职业男女坐着读报纸或者在角落里打盹。根据后文内容可知,车上的乘客们之间几乎没有交流,所以答案为C项,nod off “打盹”。A项 “低语,耳语” ;B项 “低声抱怨” ;D项 “大笑”。5.A.HopefullyB.ExactlyC.FrequentlyD.Obviously答案:D解析:很明显,这是一种不成文却心照不宣的行为准则。A项 “满怀希望地”;B项 “精确地,确切地”;C项 “频繁地”;D项 “明显地,显然地”。答案为D项。6.A.developedB.observedC.followedD.broken答案:D解析:这一准则一旦被打破,那么犯规者必将成为众矢之的。答案为D项,意为 “打破,打碎,违背”。A项 “发展,培养,冲洗胶片”;B项 “观察,遵守”;C项 “跟随,跟踪,模仿”。7.A.doubtB.argumentC.criticismD.praise答案:C解析:根据第6题解析可知答案为C项,意为 “批评,指责”。A项 “怀疑”;B项 “争论,辩论”;D项 “夸奖,表扬”。8.A.emotionB.fancyC.likelinessD.judgment答案:B解析:关于英国人我们最确定的一件事就是英国人喜欢谈论天气。A项 “情感”;B项 “喜爱,幻想”;C项 “可能性”;D项 “判断,裁决”。答案为B项。9.A.at lengthB.at lastC.at mostD.at least答案:A解析:如果有机会他们会更详细地谈论它。A项at length,相当于in detail “详细地”。B项 “最终,终于”;C项 “顶多”;D项 “至少”。10.A.alwaysB.oftenC.constantlyD.seldom答案:D解析:有人争辩说这是因为英国的天气几乎无法准确预测,所以天气才成为大家谈论的话题。根据句意及下文可知英国的天气预报在很多情况下都不准确,所以答案为D项,意为 “很少”。11.A.faithB.reliefC.honorD.credit答案:A解析:英国人不相信天气预报员,因为他们的预测在很多情况下都被证明是错误的。A项 “信任,信念,信仰”;B项 “减轻,减缓”;C项 “荣誉,荣幸”;D项 “信誉,贷款”。此题考查固定短语have faith in “相信”。答案为A项。12.A.put outB.make outC.turn outD.find out答案:C解析:根据第11题解析可知答案为C项,意为 “结果是,证明是”。A项 “熄灭,发表”;B项 “起草,辨别,理解”;D项 “查明,弄清”。13.A.considerationB.predictionC.approvalD.appreciation答案:B解析:街上的人们对天气的预测就像天气预报员的预测一样可能准确,也可能不准确。由上文提到的predictions可知应该选择B项,意为 “预测,预料”。A项 “考虑,体贴”;C项 “同意,批准,赞成”;D项 “欣赏,感激”。14.A.aboutB.onC.inD.to答案:D解析:外国人也惊讶于英国人一天之内提到天气的次数是如此之多。此题考查固定短语make references to “提到,谈到”。答案为D项。15.A.startedB.conductedC.replacedD.proposed答案:C解析:通常情况下,彼此间的问候都被对天气的评论取代。根据句意及下文内容可知答案为C项,用到的结构为be replaced by “被取代”。16.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.HoweverD.Only if答案:B解析:尽管这种现象被外国人视为太夸大和滑稽,但值得一提的是,这反倒对外国人是有利的。分析句子结构及含义可知这里需要用although引导让步状语从句。答案为B项。17.A.benefitB.advantageC.disadvantageD.favor答案:B解析:根据第16题分析可知答案为B项,to ones advantage “对有利”。18.A.at a lossB.in detailC.in groupsD.on occasion答案:A解析:如果外国人想和英国人对话,却不知以何话题开始,就可以和对方谈论天气状况。A项 “困惑,不知所措”;B项 “详细地”;C项 “成群地”;D项 “偶尔,有时”。根据句意可知答案为A项。19.A.avoidableB.steadyC.optionalD.safe答案:D解析:即便是对最缄默的英国人,以天气为话题也绝对稳妥,定会得到他们的回应。A项 “可用的,可利用的,有效的,空闲的”;B项 “稳定的,稳固的”;C项 “可供选择的”;D项 “安全的,可靠的”。答案为D项。20.A.expectedB.askedC.wishedD.reminded答案:A解析:根据第19题解析可知答案为A项,这里意思是 “期待对方的回应”。DChildren are always taught not to argue with adults for generations.However,new research shows that young teenagers who are taught to argue 1 are more likely to resist peer pressure to use drugs and alcohol later in 2.“It turns out that what goes on in the 3 is actually a training ground for teens in terms of how to 4 agreements with other people,” said Joseph Allen,the lead author of the study.He added that teens should learn they can be taken 5 through discussions with their parents.Sometimes,it can be unnatural for parents to 6 their teens to argue with them.But learning effective argumentation 7 can help teenagers learn to become more 8 and how to protect themselves.The study observed 150 13-year-old engaging in arguments,and then 9 the same participants three years later about 10 with drugs and alcohol.At 13,the teenagers were 11 summarizing disagreements between themselves and their mothers.The recordings were then replayed for the mothers to hear.The 12 between them would go on to be discussed.The topic would 13 from household rules to grades to monthly allowances.Once the discussion was 14 again,researchers filmed the teens and their mothers for eight minutes.Teenagers who displayed confidence and used reasons to 15 their statements were more likely to have refused drugs or alcohol.Allen recommended parents should teach their children how to effectively 16 their thoughts and emotions during conflicts,which in turn teaches children to stand up to 17 influence outside of the home.18 their viewpoints dont line up,the teens are going to be able to take those skills into other environments.Parents should also teach by examples and 19 good discussion practices for their children.“If theyre able to learn how to be confident and persuasive with their 20,theyll be able to do the same with peers,” Allen said.1.A.effectivelyB.cleverlyC.activelyD.emotionally答案:A解析:孩子们一代代地被告知不可与大人争辩。然而,新的研究表明那些被告知与大人进行有效争辩的青少年更有可能在青春期抵制来自同辈的吸毒和酗酒的压力。A项 “有效地”;B项 “聪明地”;C项 “积极地,活跃地”;D项 “感情上地,冲动地”。根据第三段中的effective argumentation可知答案为A项。2.A.babyhoodB.childhoodC.adolescenceD.neighborhood答案:C解析:通篇都在讲青少年的问题,所以答案为C项,意为 “青春期”。A项 “婴儿期”;B项 “童年,幼年”;D项 “邻近,邻居,附近”。3.A.officeB.familyC.schoolD.house答案:B解析:最终证明,对于青少年来说,家里实际上就是训练如何和别人为达成一致意见而进行争辩的训练场。根据后文through discussions with their parents可知应该是和父母讨论或争辩,所以答案为B项。4.A.linkB.shareC.changeD.reach答案:D解析:根据第3题解析可知应该选择D项。reach an agreement/agreements(with sb.) “(与某人)达成一致意见”。5.A.properlyB.seriouslyC.correctlyD.carefully答案:B解析:他补充说青少年应该知道,通过和父母进行讨论或争辩,才能使自己受到父母的重视。A项 “适当地,正确地”;B项 “严肃地,认真地”;C项 “正确地”;D项 “仔细地,认真地”。答案为B项,take sb.seriously “认真对待某人”。6.A.admitB.forbidC.allowD.stop答案:C解析:有