高优指导2021版高三英语一轮复习考点规范练25Unit2Theuniversallanguage牛津译林版选修8.doc

考点规范练25(Unit 2)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Away with words
The Telegraph,an online news service,has teamed up with Saga,which provides products and services only for the over 50s,to hold a new competition to find the best travel writer.Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers before traveling the world with Saga on one of three holidays of great comfort and pleasure.To enter,all you need to do is tell us something mysterious and wonderful about the world of travel—a favorite memory,a humorous tale,an unforgettable occasion or a sight worth writing about.
What we are looking for
You must be able to read not only those signs that help you find your way around but the ones that tell you how the locals tick.You must,in the words of Paul Theroux,an American travel writer,“describe exactly what you see and give it life with your imagination”.
In this competitionyou can do that in anything from 150 words to 500,but they should be your words,and fresh ones.We do expect you not to hide the truth or the facts about your experience.Beyond that,you can make the most of the freedom travel writing gives you.
You’ll be editor as well as writer,so ensure those eyes are equally fresh when you check and recheck what you’ve written.We will make allowances for the occasional mistake,such as you have “fell” into a river.But we won’t put up with mistakes every few lines.
Terms & conditions
•Competitors must be aged 50 years or older.
•The judging process is divided into two stages:entries will be hosted on the website for one month.The top 20 articles will then be selected by public vote.The top three winners will be chosen by three judges.
•The closing date for entries is August 15.
【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章是一则旅游写作比赛的通知。
1.The prizes for winners include 　　　. 
A.three wonderful holidays
B.the publication of their works
C.a chance to learn from excellent writers
D.an opportunity to work in the Telegraph
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers...”可知答案为C项。
2.Apart from writing ability,the competitors need to be 　　　. 
A.brave and creative
B.honest and careful
C.friendly and humorous
D.reliable and determined
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“they should be your words,and fresh ones.We do expect you not to hide the truth or the facts about your experience.”可知,参赛者不能抄袭他人的文字,必须忠实于自己的经历,由此可推测,参赛者需要诚实;根据第四段中的“You’ll be editor as well as writer,so ensure those eyes are equally fresh when you check and recheck what you’ve written...we won’t put up with mistakes every few lines.”可知,参赛者需要仔细,避免过多的错误。
3.The final winners will be selected by 　　　. 
A.the public
B.three chosen judges
C.Paul Theroux
D.two top Telegraph travel writers
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“The top three winners will be chosen by three judges.”可知答案为B项。
4.What type of writing is this text?
A.A travel guide.　　　　　　B.A writing guide.
C.An announcement. D.An essay.
答案:C
解析:写作类型题。通读全文可知,本文是一则写作比赛的通知,分别介绍了该比赛的主办方、对参赛者的要求及其他条款。
〚导学号30640035〛

B
Renaissance is a French word.It means ‘rebirth’.It’s a strange name for a period of history.What was it that was ‘reborn’ during the Renaissance?
To answer this question,we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire.At this time Roman artists,scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world’s most advanced.They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them,and had become experts in studying animals,plants,the human body or the stars and planets.They wrote down their ideas about what they saw,and based their theories about the world on their observations.
During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down.Many of the Romans’ art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts(原稿) were lost as well.But most importantly,some of the ancient attitudes were lost.A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.
Why did this happen?One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church.Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire,the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning.The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly,not to introduce new ones.The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books,rather than the world around them.
Take medicine,for example.The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier.But when Roger Bacon,a thirteenth-century priest(牧师),said that a new approach to medicine was needed—doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen—the Church put him in prison.
By the time of the fourteenth century,however,some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists,doctors and scientists.People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it.This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars,and it was ‘reborn’ during the Renaissance.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。“文艺复兴”一词来源于法语,意为“重生”,那么在文艺复兴时期重生的是什么呢?本文给出了答案。
5.We know from the text that scientists at the time of the Roman Empire believed in 　　　. 
A.their companions’ observations
B.what they saw with their own eyes
C.what they learned from the Greeks
D.the most advanced theories at that time
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的skilled observers及“They wrote down their ideas about what they saw,and based their theories about the world on their observations.”可知,罗马帝国时期的科学家们善于观察,他们相信自己看到的,并基于自己的观察建立理论。
6.We can infer that students in the Church-controlled universities might 　　　. 
A.have good memories
B.change their beliefs
C.be lacking in creativity
D.be interested in astronomy
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly,not to introduce new ones...study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books,rather than the world around them.”可知,在教会控制下的大学里,学生们只是机械地学习已有的知识,不去探究周围的世界,这样教育出来的学生必然缺乏创造力。
7.Roger Bacon was put in prison because he 　　　. 
A.gave up being a priest
B.challenged the Church
C.did some research secretly
D.showed no respect for Galen
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,在教会的影响下,当时主要使用的医学教科书是一千多年前盖伦写的。罗杰·培根对此提出了反对意见,他认为医生应该自己作研究,而不是阅读过去某个人写的著作。正是因为罗杰·培根提出了与教会倡导相悖的意见,所以他被关进了监狱。
8.The text probably comes from a book about 　　　. 
A.medicine B.history
C.religion D.education
答案:B
解析:文章出处题。通读全文可知,本文回答了“在文艺复兴时期重生的是什么”的问题。有关文艺复兴的话题属于历史的范畴,故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
Cheating scandal rocks India
A lot of parents help their kids do homework and study for school.1.　　 
A photographer in India’s Bihar state took a photo of dozens of parents risking their lives to help their 10th-graders cheat on tests.The parents climbed the walls of a four-story school to throw cheat sheets through the window for their children.
2.　　　 About 600 students were expelled(开除) from the school.And police had detained(拘留) more than 1,000 people connected with the scandal(丑闻). 
The tests the Bihar students were taking are called board exams.These exams help determine who will be considered the top students in each class.India’s best universities will take only students with a 95 percent score or better.3.　　 
Students who make it into India’s top universities have a much better chance of getting well-paid jobs.They can help their families by becoming doctors or engineers.Many of the students who don’t pursue(追求) these kinds of careers have a much more difficult time making money.
4.　　　 About 30 percent of its citizens are considered poor.In many parts of the country,a family of five might struggle to survive on as little as $80 a month.For students who do well,the exams can be a life-changing event for their families. 
Few believe the Bihar incident will stop people from cheating on exams.Many students assume that because others are cheating,they also have to cheat to keep up.5.　　 
Officials believe that new laws and policies will help only so much.To stop cheating,they say,people need to change their attitudes toward it.
A.India has a high poverty rate.
B.This cycle has proved very difficult to break.
C.The exam season can be called cheating season.
D.The government cannot stop cheating in exams.
E.The serious cheating outbreak did not go unpunished.
F.But the parents of some students in India have taken helping their kids to a new level.
G.As a result,students throughout the country are under great pressure to do well on the tests.

答案与解析:
【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章介绍了印度学生的作弊丑闻并分析了学生们作弊的原因。
1.F　解析:F项与上文的“A lot of parents help their kids do homework and study for school.”相呼应。
2.E　解析:下文提到参与作弊的人受到了惩罚——部分学生被开除、一些人被拘留。故E项最恰当。
3.G　解析:上文的“India’s best universities will take only students with a 95 percent score or better.”与G项是因果关系。
4.A　解析:下文的“About 30 percent of its citizens are considered poor...survive on as little as $80 a month.”是对A项的详细说明。
5.B　解析:B项中的This cycle指代上文的“Many students assume that because others are cheating,they also have to cheat to keep up.”。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2015·郑州第二次质检)
Dear Mandy,
I’m not doing well in my lessons at school,especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university.He thinks I’m lazy,but it’s not true.I work really hard,often study late into the night!I’ve tried to talk to my mother,but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does.My brother doesn’t study very hard,and he always gets excellent grades.It’s not fair!
The only thing I like it is art.My teacher says I’m the best student she’s had for year.When I told my dad,all he said was,“You mustn’t waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons!”I’m feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?
Thanks a lot!
Yours sincerely,
Lisa
答案:
Dear Mandy,

I’m not doing well in my lessons at school,especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university.He thinks I’m lazy,but it’s not true.I work really hard,often study late into the night!I’ve tried to talk to my mother,but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does.My brother doesn’t study very hard,and he always gets excellent grades.It’s not fair!
The only thing I like is art.My teacher says I’m the best student she’s had for year.When I told my dad,all he said was,“You mustn’t waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons!”I’m feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?
Thanks a lot!
Yours sincerely,
Lisa

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