施工项目进度控制的关键问题外文翻译.doc

河北科技师范学院
本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译

施工项目进度控制关键问题

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Construction of key problems of project progress control
Abstract
Construction progress was one of the three objectives of the project which is an important component of project management. Reasonable, scientific, efficiency of project construction schedule is the key to achieve the project objectives control. Only during the preparation stage, stage of progress of the programmer design stage, plans and implementation of construction and other links, taking full account of the favorable f rational coordination of limited resources, can eventually achieve the progress require target, to create advanced, civilizatioand construction process and lay a solid material foundation.
Keywords: Construction projects; Progress control; Key issues
Progress, investment, quality is the three objectives of the project; there is a re of mutual dependence and mutual restriction between them. Project schedule control is an important component of project management and is to ensure that project objectives contr complete the prerequisite for the realization of, to ensure the project duration, the r of resources, and lower costs, to prevent plan changes too big and important guarantee for improving the efficiency of project. Management should focus on the following aspects:
1. Attaches great importance to project construction preparation
Project preparation is an important component of construction production, and it is intended to project goals, resource supply and selection of construction plan, spatialayout and the various aspects of time and manpower arrangement. It also is the fundamental guarantee for the smooth conduct of civil engineering construction and equipment instal Therefore, preparing carefully for technical before construction, materials, labor organ preparation and over-the-counter preparations for construction site preparation, has an important effect on rational supplying resources to speed up the construction speed, improving project quality ensuring construction safety and winning social reputation .To strengthen the project progress control, you must attach great importance to the project preparation, preparation before construction.
2. Deployment and construction of construction programming
Constructions of comprehensive arrangements for the deployment project as a whole i and makes decisions on major strategic issues in construction. Prefect of construction deployment is effective control engineering progress, guarantees engineering quality, and saves engineering investment of primary protection, and its preparation should reflect reasonable of organization arrangements and task division, and establish proven of, and reasonable running of Project Manager sector; personnel of set and the division should mobilization its enthusiasm, and make of professional play; established of specialization construction organization system and for engineering min package; division construction stage, determines staging batch construction, and commissioning of arrangements and ma project and interspersed project.
In addition to the deployment consists of perfect construction, preparation of reas construction plan, to ensure the effective progress of the project, construction readiness planning should also been included the development specification. Main site-wide preparations, includes materials for ideological, organizational preparation, technical preparation, and so on. Major items of works or the main unit of engineering and special projects should be developed in the construction organization to design its construction programmed. The aim is the preparation of technical and also for the construction of well under way and provides a basis for rational arrangement of the project site. Therefore,you should calculate the quantity to determine the process, select the commandments and main construction method of large construction machine.
Engineering determination of the order, need to be constructed by stages and in grou should be the first underground and then the ground, after the first deep-shallow, after line, extension, underground pipeline construction, with the supply of various types of material and technical conditions and should be balanced and rational utilizatiof nthese resources between coordinated construction of promoting balanced.
3. In accordance with the contract’s duration requirements, well construction progress control
According to the duration of the contract to complete construction, both contract requirements are also objects to achieve business goals. In this connection, the const units (owners) with the construction unit of the interests of both sides are fully consistent. Therefore, strengthening construction progress control ensures that the duration of the contract performance is a project manager and main content of the basic duties. Plan is a prerequisite for control, if has not it will be out of control which is to compare actual and planned values, identify deviations during, and for feedback adjustment. Preparation of construction progress plan to control the duration value is determined, and come up with a guarantee scheme implementation of effective measures to guarantee the duration planned completion of the contract period.
Preparation of progress is to decide what to when to do, or when the progress of the project to do what extent. Whatever is the process of the project itself, or with other constructionrelated work, should be integrated into the schedule to, or, whose progre want to make a schedule. Types of project schedule classification based on content is t schemes and support schemes. Schedule for the project itself is the most basic goal pl determines the duration of the project goals. In order to achieve this goal, you have a support plans, such as planning material usage, working capital planning material usage equipment use plans, labor use plan to use plan, semi-finished products and components, so on. Control the length of time it came from overall progress plan and phase plan. Total progress scheme control the whole process of project construction, and phased plan inc the project construction progress plan and ten-years, quarters, months, weeks of job sch and so on. It has a text plan-plan with a chart from the expressions. The former is wi description of each stage of construction, and the image of progress to achieve require the latter is with image and simple charts to express the construction schedule. As far as I know, bar is the most commonly used scheme, network planning, and slash-type scheme. I has overall progress plan and the partition plan from the scope of management. Master are project-oriented global strategy progress of the plan, generally cruder. While the for a bottle gourd or Project ~ Professional progress of the work plan, generally more
4. Preparation of project schedule
a. This project of project contract. Provision is to determine the duration of the
duration in planned value basis. Project start and completion dates stipulated in the must be implemented by schedule. Schedule of the ultimate goal is through reasonable progress design, to guarantee duration completed on time.
b. Construction of enterprise production and management of reasonable plan. Through
the construction of enterprise production and management of rational planning, to ensure project efficiency, is the major component of the plan. Obeying the business principle of guidance and meeting the requirements of enterprise balance achieve the best interests enterprise.
c. Drawing information. Drawing information is the basis and premise of rational de
of construction schemes for construction. Construction progress plan must be linked wit progress of the design plan, and must be based on the date of delivery number agreemen arrange the appropriate part of the construction time, which is also a good way of con risk prevention and guarantee construction quality.
d. Construction organization design of this project is one of the strong basis for the
preparation of project scheduling. This information defines construction capacity deplo and method of construction and reflects the construction characteristics of the project forms the basis of targets at various stages in the process of determining construction
e. Materials and equipment supply plan. If you already have on the material and equipment and turnover material supply plan, the construction progress plan must be coordinated with the project. In addition to the above five points making progress on a plans as the basis for the main consideration, you should be aware of information abou construction conditions, including hydrological, climate and environmental data in the f construction and transportation conditions, energy supply, auxiliary production capacity prior to the preparation of project construction progress plan, similar to an already built or actual construction schedule needs to be collected, and you should serious analysis, or list control constraint, clear the influence of duration to achieve mandatory time limit preparation of project progress as well prepared.
5. The project progress plan optimization
a. Adjusting the construction period. Each project is composed of many processes,
water segment of the construction have the same number of processes, each procedure is identical in the various construction stages of the construction period, it is the imp adjusting the construction period that how to choose a scientific and rational construction process. Construction technology that determined by the fixed construction technology can not be changed, but the order of the construction stage can be changed, Choosing a dif order of construction of water, the total duration of the entire construction will be changed accordingly. Therefore you need to find the shortest period of construction of water to
optimize the order program for implementation.
b. A balanced use of resources. In preparing the construction schedule, you must taaccount the optimization of resources into account. It not only requires the resources to use less than the actual supply of resources, but also tries to do the balance of resource conservation use. You should make resources available for the use of control within the available supply and the amount of resources to use every day similar. If resource usage is balanced, resource usage peak is smaller and resources funding is less, also thus economic benefits will certainly be enhanced accordingly. For the human and material resources, construction plans of arrangement to take full advantage of them and let every single the entire plan period to achieve efficiency, the amount of resources used in this plan is balanced and the economic benefits will be good.
c. Optimize the cost of the project. Adopting a different construction of water ord
project cost will vary in engineering construction. Seeking the lowest cost solution t costs is an important part of the construction. The cost of the project includes the t direct and indirect costs. Generally speaking, low direct costs of the construction s the duration will be longer. In order to shorten the duration, the need to use more efficient construction machinery or construction process so that direct costs will tend to increase. If efficiency does not change, you need more manpower or material resources, and increase input of one-time costs, which will inevitably lead to increase in direct costs. Almost you always give high priority to increase the cost of less and can shorten the duration of However, if shorten duration, you will increase the direct costs of inputs. Indirect c construction of the relationship is not close, and the basic fixed expenses occur ever
6. Organization of water construction method
Another important means of ensuring project progress on a project is construction of rational flow. Water construction is continuous job, and it can save work time, which is relative to “turn job”, The means of achieving savings is “take receivand the premise of d”, take received is segment area; it can have rhythm to construction, and the time of the to work is a certain degree of regularity, which can bring good of construction along the continued, the harmonious of construction atmosphere, considerable of economic benefits improve productivity.
Project schedule control of more than a few issues, indicates that the schedule cont process does not happen overnight so the enterprise integration should as a whole to co elements of integration and management system. In the specific work, should pay attenti giving play to promote integration of favorable factors and avoid integration or coord to prevent the adverse factors and pay attention to practical results and advancing as gradually.

摘 要
工程施工进度是工程项目标三大目标之一，是工程项目管理主要组成部分。合理、科学、讲求效率工程项目施工进度是确保工程项目目标控制得以实现前提。只有在准备阶段、方案设计阶段、进度计划阶段以及施工组织实施等各个步骤，考虑各项有利原因，合理协调有限资源，才能最终达成要求进度目标，为创建先进、文明施工过程打下牢靠物质基础。
关键词：施工项目；进度控制；关键问题
进度、投资、质量是工程项目标三大目标，它们之间有着相互依赖和相互制约关系。工程项目进度控制是工程项目管理主要组成部分，是确保工程项目目标控制是否完全实现前提，是确保工程工期、资源合理利用、降低成本、预防计划改变太大、提升整个工程项目管理效益主要保障。要做到有效控制建筑工程进度，应重视以下几个方面管理：
一 高度重视工程项目施工准备
工程项目施工准备是施工生产主要组成部分，是对工程目标，资源供给和施工方案选择，及其空间布置和时间排列等诸方面统筹安排，是土建施工和设备安装得以顺利进行根本确保。所以，认真做好施工前技术准备、物资准备、劳动组织准备、施工现场准备、施工场外准备等，对合理供给资源加紧施工速度，提升工程质量,确保施工安全，赢得社会信誉都有主要作用，要加强工程项目进度控制，就必须高度重视工程项目准备，做好施工前准备。
二 施工布署和施工方案编制
施工布署是对整个工程项目进行全方面安排，并对工程施工中重大战略问题进行决议。完善施工布署，是有效控制工程进度、确保工程质量、节约工程投资首要保障，它编制应表现合理组织安排和任务分工，建立行之有效、合理运转项目经理部门；人员设置及分工应做到充分调动其主动性，并使之专业得到发挥；建立专业化施工组织体系和进行工程分包；划分施工阶段，确定分期分批施工、交工安排及其主攻项目和穿插项目。
除了组成完善施工布署，编制合理施工方案，要确保有效工程进度，还应包含确定规范施工准备工作规划。主要指全现场准备，包含思想准备、组织准备、技术准备、等。对于主要单项工程或主要单位工程及特殊分项工程，应在施工组织总设计中确定其施工方案，其目标是进行技术和资源准备工作,也为工程施工顺利开展和工程现场合理布置提供依据。所以，应计算其工程量，确定工艺流程，选择大型施工机诫和主要施工方法等。
工程开展次序确实定，要分期分批施工，应按先地下、后地上，先深后浅，先干线、后支线,地下管线先施工，应该与各类物资及技术条件供给之间平衡以及合理利用这些资源相协调,促进均衡施工。
三 按照项目协议工期要求，作好施工进度控制
按协议工期，完成施工任务，这既是协议要求也是实现企业经营目标需要。在这一点上，建设单位(业主)同施工单位双方利益是完全一致。所以，加强施工进度控制，确保协议工期履约是项目经理基本职责和主要工作内容。计划是控制前提，没有计划，就谈不上控制，控制就是将实际值与计划值进行比较，找出期间偏差，然后进行反馈调整。编制施工进度计划，就是确定一个控制工期计划值，制订出确保计划实现有效方法，确保工期计划协议工期完成。
编制进度就是决定什么时候做什么事情，或者什么时候工程进度到什么程度。不论是项目本身各道工序，还是与施工关于其余工作，都应纳入进度计划之中去，或者说，都要对其进度做出计划安排。项目进度计划种类,依照内容划分，有目标性计划与支持性计划。针对项目施工本身进度计划是最基本目标性计划，它确定了该项目施工工期目标。为了实现这个目标,要有一系列支持性计划，如材料使用计划，周转材料使用计划，机械设备使用计划,劳动力使用计划以及构件、半成品使用计划等等。从时间控制长短来分，有总进度计划与阶段性计划。总进度计划控制项目施工全过程，而阶段性计划包含本项目标年、季月施工进度计划和旬、周作业进度计划等。从表示形式来分，有文字说明计划与图表式计划。前者用文字说明各阶段施工任务，以及要达成形象进度要求；后者用形象而简练图表来表示施工进度安排。据笔者所知，最惯用是横道计划、网络计划、斜线式计划等。从管理范围来分，有总体进度计划与分区进度计划。总体计划是面向项目全局战略性进度计划安排，通常比较粗略。而分区计划则是针对项目中某一部分或一个专业工种进度计划，通常比较详细。
四 项目进度计划编制
（一）本项目标工程承包协议。协议中工期要求是确定工期计划值基本依据，协议要求工程开工、完工日期，必须经过进度计划来落实。进度计划最终目标就是经过合理进度设计，确保工