2023版高考英语二轮复习限时规范训练二十七阅读板块--练速度.doc

限时标准训练(二十七)　阅读板块——练速度
(总分值40分，限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(30分)
阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。
A
INTRODUCTION
Chinese Government Scholarship program for international students is established by the Ministry of Education (MOE) of the People's Republic of China aiming to promote Chinese higher education brand on an international basis. China Scholarship Council, entrusted by the MOE, holds the responsibility of verification (证实), approval and the routine management of the program.
SCHOLARSHIP COVERAGE
Tuition; campus accommodation fees; medical insurance and a monthly allowance.
APPLICANTS
●Applicants must be non­Chinese citizens and in good health.
●Applicants for a master's degree program must have a bachelor's degree and be under 35.
●Applicants for a doctoral degree program must have a master's degree and be under 40.
APPLICATION
1．Apply online at campuschina. org
2．Mail application documents to East China Normal University (ECNU)
●An application form for Chinese Government Scholarship.
●The highest diploma and academic transcripts (学生成绩单) (notarized photocopies). Documents in languages other than Chinese or English must be attached with notarized (经过公证的) translation in Chinese or English.
●A research plan. It is required to be no more than 800 words.
●Recommendation letters. Applicants for postgraduate studies must submit two letters of recommendation in Chinese or English by professors or associate professors.
●A photocopy of Foreigner Physical Examination Form. Please select the appropriate time to take medical examination as it is valid for only 180 days.
●The HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test) certificate.
●The processing fee. The bank wire receipt should be enclosed in the application package.
3．Application date
Your application documents should reach the International Students Office of ECNU by April 30th.
APPROVAL AND NOTIFICATION
The result will be posted online at ：//lxs. ecnu. edu. cn by the end of June.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了中国为国际学生设立的中国政府奖学金工程的具体情况。
1．What do we know about the program?
A．There is no age limit for applicants.

B．The application is due on June 30th.
C．It is only for international students.
D．There are two websites for application.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Chinese Government Scholarship program for international students...on an international basis.〞可知，这个工程只针对国际学生。应选C。
答案：C
2．What will applicants have to pay according to the text?
A．Tuition.
B．Processing fees.
C．All living costs.
D．Medical examination charge.
解析：细节理解题。根据APPLICATION局部中的“The processing fee. The bank wire receipt...package.〞可知，申请者需支付手续费。
答案：B
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Longer research plans are preferred.
B．The HSK certificate is valid for only 180 days.
C．Government officials give recommendation letters.
D．Education certificates in Chinese or English are accepted.
解析：推理判断题。根据APPLICATION局部中的“Documents in languages...in Chinese or English.〞可推知，英语或汉语版本的教育证书都是可以接受的。
答案：D
B
In the far corner of the front yard of a large house in Florida rests an RV—Recreational Vehicle (活动房屋式旅游车), shaded by trees as clothing on a nearby line sways in the breeze. In this RV, National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without relying on electricity supply.

Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s, when he went into the basement of his apartment building in Los Angeles and pulled the plug that delivered electricity. Even earlier though, he was first inspired by sustainable living during a trip in 1970 to visit his relatives. He was eight years old and worried that his stay in their small village was going to be miserable because his relatives told him they had no air conditioning or electricity—but they had plenty of fresh fruits from orchards (果园) and lots of cold drinks chilled by the icy stream from the ice caps of the nearby mountain. “This is amazing，〞 says Culhane.
He met Enas when she was living in an ecovillage in Portugal. Enas said she liked the feeling of being low­impact, of being virtually harmless to the earth. Culhane was impressed and fell in love with her. The couple got married, living on the same property that they currently have. They moved into their first home together—an RV which they promptly took completely off­grid.
Inside their RV, Culhane and Enas have hot showers, a working gas stove, a refrigerator, a washing machine and a big screen TV. They use gas created by their on­site biodigesters (生物煮解器) to cook on a gas­powered stove. They also use energy created by the biodigesters to heat their bath water. They feed the biodigesters using their own food waste—at no additional cost to the earth.
Sometimes on weekends, the RV is turned into a classroom. The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off­grid life is getting easier and teach them how to respect and coexist peacefully with the environment.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇在活动房屋式旅游车中自给自足的生活。
4．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?
A．Add some background information.
B．Summarize the previous paragraph.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知，本段主要介绍了Culhane居住在活动房屋式旅游车里之前的一些背景信息。
答案：A
5．What attracted Culhane most when he first met Enas?
A．Her marriage property.
B．Their common life belief.
C．The beauty of her ecovillage.
D．Her experience of exploration.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Enas said she liked the feeling of being low­impact, of being virtually harmless to the earth. Culhane was impressed and fell in love with her.〞可推知，当Culhane第一次见到Enas的时候，最吸引他的是他们共同的人生信念。
答案：B
6．What do the biodigesters produce?
A．Food waste.
B．Additional costs.
C．Greenhouse gases.
D．Alternative energy.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They use gas...to heat their bath water.〞可知，生物煮解器可产生替代能源。
答案：D
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．An RV Classroom
B．Living off the Grid
C．Getting Close to Nature
D．Protecting the Environment
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文内容，尤其是第一段最后一句中的“...Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without relying on electricity supply.〞第二段第一句中的“Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s...〞和最后一段中的“The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off­grid life is getting easier...〞可知，本文主要讲述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇完全脱离电力供给，住在活动房屋式旅游车中的自给自足的生活。应选B。
答案：B
C
Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straight­A student knows, but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child “You're so smart！〞 may be counterproductive. Why? According to a 2023 study, children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back (重整旗鼓) from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.
In the study, researchers looked at 123 children. The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a “growth mindset〞 (believing that you can work harder to get smarter), or a “fixed mindset〞 (believing that your intelligence is unable to change). They then asked the children to complete a fast­paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded. During the recording, researchers noted that brain activity stopped within a half­second after making a mistake, as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong. The larger the brain response was, the more the child focused on the mistake. Based on the data, they concluded that children with a “growth mindset〞 were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake. While children with a “fixed mindset〞 were able to “bounce back〞， only if they gave their full attention to the mistake.
For parents, the lessons are clear: Don't pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed. If your children hands you an A＋ score, don't say, “You're so smart！〞 Instead, say, “Wow, that studying really paid off！〞 or “You clearly mastered this material—way to go！〞 Note the effort, not the intelligence.
Besides, many parents shy away from addressing their children's mistakes, telling them “It's OK. You'll get it the next time〞 without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong. Instead, it's better to reassure your children that mistakes happen, and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。
8．Which of the following best explains “counterproductive〞 underlined in paragraph 1?
A．Opposite.　　　　　 B．Competitive.
C．Successful. D．Unknown.
解析：词义猜想题。根据第一段最后一句“According to a 2023 study，children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.〞可知，根据2023年的一项研究，那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误，并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与A项“相反的〞含义相近。
答案：A
9．How did the children with a “growth mindset〞 react in the study?

A．They made fewer mistakes.
B．They tried to avoid mistakes.
C．They had a smaller brain response.
D．They focused more on the mistake.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“The larger the brain response was, the more the child focused on the mistake.〞和倒数第二句“Based on the data, they concluded that children with a ‘growth mindset’ were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.〞可推知，具有“成长思维模式〞的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。
答案：D
10．What should be avoided according to the study?
A．Overstressing the intelligence.
B．Paying children compliments.
C．Addressing children's mistakes.
D．Offering chances to find mistakes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Note the effort, not the intelligence.〞可知，应防止过分强调智力。
答案：A
11．What should parents say when children make a mistake according to the text?
A．You are so careless.
B．Your studying paid off.
C．You'll get it the next time.
D．Let's find out how you made it.

解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Instead，it's better to reassure your children that mistakes happen, and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.〞可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与孩子一起弄清错的地方以及如何犯错的。
答案：D
D
Where there are humans, there are house sparrows. But despite their suggestive species name, Passer domesticus, they aren't officially domesticated. The bold, tiny and gray­and­brown birds are found on every continent except Antarctica, hopping around cities, pecking (啄) at leftover food on sidewalks, and sometimes chasing away native bird species. The house sparrows have adapted to living alongside humans, but this friendly behavior to humans is legendary. No one knew what set them apart from the other wild members of the sparrow family.
Looking for a genetic explanation, Mark Ravinet, an evolutionary biologist and his colleagues caught dozens of sparrows at sites across Europe. They set up mist nets that harmlessly trapped the birds as they flew inside—measured and tagged the birds, drew blood samples, and then released them. Back in the lab, they sequenced the birds' DNA. They found that the house sparrow's genes of many regions appeared to have experienced positive selection, helping the birds live alongside humans. The evolutionary process of natural selection may have favored genetic changes that altered their skull shape and allowed them to eat food with starch (淀粉)—similar to domesticated animals like dogs. The most significant sign of positive selection in the birds' DNA was found in a region with two known genes: one is linked to skull development and another helps create the amylase (淀粉酶), which helps break down starch in humans, dogs and other domesticated animals. Changes to both genes might have helped the house sparrows eat human­cultivated foods.
Another evolutionary biologist Samuel Andrew says the work is an exciting new step for bird researchers that could answer many questions about how sparrow species adapted to different conditions. But he and Ravinet agree there may be changes to other genes that were missed in this initial analysis, yet still helped the birds take advantage of humans.
“If you live in a major city, there are more animals around you than you realize，〞 Ravinet says. “They have a history and a story to tell.〞
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。通过积极的基因选择，家雀适应了现在的生存环境。
12．What do we know about the house sparrows from paragraph 1?
A．They are domesticated.
B．They are very friendly.
C．They are well­adapted.
D．They are a rare species.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The bold，tiny...on sidewalks...〞和“The house sparrows have adapted to living alongside humans...〞可推知，家雀的适应能力很强。
答案：C
13．What is the purpose of Ravinet's research?
A．To experience positive selection.
B．To confirm the species name of house sparrows.
C．To compare house sparrows with other domestic animals.
D．To genetically explain house sparrows' friendly behavior.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...but this friendly behavior to humans is legendary. No one knew what set them apart from the other wild members of the sparrow family.〞及第二段中的“Looking for a genetic explanation...〞可推知，Ravinet的研究的目的是想从基因上解释家雀具有友好行为的原因。
答案：D
14．Why is the amylase important to genetic change?
A．Because it helps digest starch.
B．Because all animals can create it.
C．Because it promotes skull development.
D．Because it can sequence animals' DNA.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...which helps break down...eat human­cultivated foods.〞可知，这种淀粉酶对基因改变重要的原因是它有助于消化淀粉。
答案：A
15．What can we conclude from the text?
A．House sparrows' history is legendary.
B．House sparrows take advantage of humans.
C．The skull shape determines animals' evolution.
D．Positive selection in DNA leads to biological evolution.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They found that the house sparrow's genes of many regions appeared to have experienced positive selection...similar to domesticated animals like dogs.〞和第三段中的“...the work is an exciting new step for bird researchers that could answer many questions about how sparrow species adapted to different conditions.〞可推知，积极的基因选择会引起生物的进化。
答案：D
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
VAR technology has been used in U. S. sports for years. Now it is fully combined with the global game of football and made its debut (首次亮相) at the 2023 World Cup. 　16　. It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main referee (裁判) by watching video replays.
The VAR team support the referees from a centralized video operation room. The operators select and provide the best angles from relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras. 　17　. They will communicate with the referee only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The referee can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team. 　18　， the referee would start an official review. Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team.
　19　. Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions, disrupting the flow of the game. But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what. They argue