句子成分和种类.pptx

句句 子子 成成 分分Teachers love students.He gets up early every day.To learn a foreign language is not easy.Swimming is my hobby.名词名词代词代词动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词Whether he will come or not is not known yet.The rich should help the poor.One-third of the class are girls.主语从句主语从句名词化形容词名词化形容词数词数词主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。通常由名词性的词来充当。可由可由1.1.名词、名词、2.2.代词、代词、3.3.数词、数词、4.4.名名词化的形容词（如词化的形容词（如the richthe rich）5.5.不定不定式、式、6.6.动名词、动名词、7.7.主语从句等表示。主语从句等表示。He practices running every morning.We carried out the plan last year.简单谓语简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成的谓语。You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.复合谓语复合谓语由情态动词由情态动词或者其他助动词或者其他助动词加动词构成。加动词构成。We are students.Your idea sounds great.She looks beautiful.复合谓语复合谓语由系动词加表语构成。由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语。系动词不能单独作谓语。Our teacher of English is an American.Is it yours?The weather has turned cold.The speech is exciting.名词名词代词代词形容词形容词动名词动名词Three times seven is twenty one?His job is to teach English.His hobby（爱好）（爱好）is playing football.数词数词动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词The machine must be under repairs.The truth is that he has never been abroad.介词短语介词短语表语从句表语从句表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seemseem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。宾语由名词性的词充当宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于对象或承爱者，一般位于及物及物动词和动词和介词介词后面。后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。构成动宾结构和介词结构。They planted many trees yesterday.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.名词名词代词代词(How many dictionaries do you have?)I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.数词数词名词化形容词名词化形容词I wanted to buy a car.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（that）he is fit for his office.动词不定式动词不定式宾语从句宾语从句动名词动名词The result made me angry.英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的上的主谓关系主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语宾语相当于宾补的主语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如makemake等）等）+宾语宾语+宾补。宾补可由宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句介词短语和从句充当。充当。His father named him Dongming.They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in.名词名词形容词形容词副词副词You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room.We found everything in the lab in good order.动词不定式动词不定式现在分词现在分词介词短语介词短语We will soon make our city what your city is now.I want your homework done on time.过去分词过去分词从句从句The next man is a scientist.The man next to me is a scientist.The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.Rule1.Rule1.单个形容词作定语一般放在单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，形容词短语作定语一所修饰词之前，形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。般放在所修饰词之后。I have something important to tell you.There is nothing interesting in the book.Rule2.Rule2.若修饰若修饰some,any,every,nosome,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：构成的复合不定代词时，（如：somethingsomething、nothingnothing）,定语通常置定语通常置后。后。People there are very friendly.(那儿的人们那儿的人们)He went up to a policeman downstairs.（楼下的警察）（楼下的警察）Rule3.Rule3.副词用作定语时须放在副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。名词之后。have something to say.(直译：我有要说的话直译：我有要说的话)The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的（在那边哭的那个男孩）那个男孩）The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座（去年建的那座房子）房子）Rule4.Rule4.动词不定式、现在分词短动词不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语作定语要后置。语、过去分词短语作定语要后置。1.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.2.He is reading an article about how to learn English.3.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.5.There are thirty women teachers in our school.修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。可由以下形式表示：句子成分，叫作状语。可由以下形式表示：He writes carefully.He walks slowly.(写地认真，走地慢，修写地认真，走地慢，修饰动词用副词饰动词用副词)This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词用副（修饰形容词用副词）词）He runs very slowly.（修饰副词（修饰副词slowly,因此因此very是副词）是副词）Unfortunately,he lost all of his money.（修饰整个句子用副（修饰整个句子用副词）词）状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。1.How about meeting again at six?2.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.3.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.4.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.5.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语方式状语方式状语伴随状语伴随状语目的状语目的状语 句句 子子 种种 类类Dark clouds hung overhead.Gradually a smile appeared on her face.Weve worked for 5 hours.The meeting lasted half an hour.Time flies.主主+谓谓S+VS+VHe is a student.Your idea sounds great.主主+系系+表表S+V+PS+V+PShe likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.主主+谓谓+宾宾S+V+OS+V+OI showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.主主+谓谓+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语S+V+o+OS+V+o+OThe war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher asked the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾语补足语宾语补足语S+V+O+CS+V+O+C英语五种基本句型：英语五种基本句型：一：一：（主谓）（主谓）二：二：（主系表）（主系表）三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）The shop stays open till 8 oclock.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.Ill have my bike repaired.All these efforts seem in vain.O o O O C