DNA实验-免疫细胞表面抗原分子CD家族对照表(CD1-CD24.doc

免疫细胞表面抗原分子CD家族对照表(CD1CD247)
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Note: no information is available on CDw145, CD181, CD182, CD185194, CD196199, CD211, CD214216, CD218220, CD237
Background
CD: cluster designation of monoclonal antibodies (clusters of differentiation)
Designated at the 1st to 7th Workshops on International Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens 
The last conference was in 2000、 The next conference is in 2004、 
HLDA Workshops are the primary mechanism to characterize leukocyte surface antigenic molecules and epies; erythroid antigens are now included 
For 1st to 6th workshops, antibodies were submitted to the organizing laboratory, coded and sent to participating laboratories for testing against various cell types、 For the 7th workshop, a CD designation could be established for a molecule if its gene has been cloned and at least one specific monoclonal antibody had been studied in the Workshop
Interpretation should be based on cellular distribution of staining, proportion of positively stained cells, staining intensity and cutoff levels、
CD1
Family of nonpolymorphic MHC class Ilike glycoproteins
Also member of immunoglobulin superfamily
On chromosome 1q2223 (not MHC linked)
Has 5 different subsets, all noncovalently associated with 12 kd beta 2 microglobulin
Function: restrict T cell responses to certain antigens; may mediate thymic T cell development
Positive staining (normal): cortical thymocytes (70%), activated T cells, Langerhans cells, interdigitating dendritic cells
Positive staining (disease): pre T ALL with cortical thymocyte phenotype; Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Negative staining: mature peripheral T cells
CD1a
Positive staining (normal): Dendritic cells in dermis/epidermis of benign inflammatory skin disorders
Positive staining (disease): Langerhans cell histiocytosis (fairly specific), myeloid leukemias, some B cell malignancies; dendritic cells in most peripheral cutaneous T cell lymphomas, AJCP 2001;116:72
Negative staining: normal B cells, most cutaneous peripheral B cell lymphomas (? reflects replacement of reactive pattern containing dendritic cells with a neoplastic pattern of B cells)
Micro images: Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Micro images (AJSP subscribers): pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Micro images (Hum Path subscribers): Langerhans cell histiocytosis
References: AJSP 2001;25:630
CD1b
Positive staining (disease): myeloid leukemias and some B cell malignancies
Negative staining: normal B cells
CD1c
Positive staining (normal): subset of normal peripheral B cells
Positive staining (disease): myeloid leukemias and some B cell malignancies 
Negative staining: normal B cells
CD1d
Positive staining (normal): thymus (low levels), bowel
CD1e
CD2
Aka E rosette receptor, LFA2 (leukocyte function antigen)
Function: binds CD58 / LFA3 on antigenpresenting cells, and induces costimulatory signals in T cells
Also regulates T and NKmediated cytolysis, inhibits apoptosis of activated peripheral T cells, mediates T cell cytokine production, regulates T cell anergy
Positive staining (normal): thymocytes (95%), mature peripheral T cells (almost all), NK cells (8090%), thymic B cells (50%)
Micro images extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
CD2R
CD2 epies restricted to activated T cells
Positive staining: activated T cells, ? NK cells
CD3
Aka OKT3
Function: plex (5 chains) of integral membrane glycoproteins assembled as a plex; has long cylasmic tail with antigen recognition activation motif; plex is then down regulated
Also subdivided into delta, epsilon, gamma subtypes
Cylasmic expression at early T cell differentiation, then membranous expression
Most specific T cell antibody
Positive staining (normal): thymocytes, peripheral T cells, NK cells; also Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Positive staining (disease): 80% of T cell lymphomas
Negative staining: gamma delta T cell receptors, most B cell lymphomas
Micro images: CD3 epsilontesticular NK/T cell lymphoma (figure 3D)
Micro images (AJSP subscribers): achalasia, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in liver
References: AJSP 2001;25:1413
CD4
Aka OKT4, T helper/inducer
On chromosome #12p
Nonpolymorphous glycoproteins belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily
Serves as HIV receptor on T cells (as do chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4), macrophages, brain
CD4+ T cells are killed by HIV
Coreceptor in MHC class IIrestricted antigen induced T cell activation
Binds to nonpolymorphic region of class I molecules; may increase avidity of cellcell interactions
Positive staining (normal): thymocytes (8090%), mature T cells (65%, T helper and CD4/CD8+ thymocytes), macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes
Positive staining (disease): pityriasis lichenoides
Micro images: acute demyelinating disease, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
CD5
Belongs to ancient scavenger receptor family 
Is physically and functionally coupled with T cell receptorzetaCD3 signal transducer plex
CD5+ B cells produce “generalist antibodies” polyreactive low affinity “natural” antibodies to exogenous antigens (tetanus toxoid, lipopolysaccharide) as well as autoreactive antibodies (ssDNA, thyroglobulin, insulin)
Note: sharks only have polyreactive IgM
Note: monoreactive IgG is produced by < 0、1% of circulating B cells, from positive selection and somatic 
point mutation
First line of defense against antigens; have a low activation threshold; are the only line of defense for those who cannot produce specific antibody
Produce antibodies using germ line (non mutated) configuration of gene segments, usually IgM
Production elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (2752% of circulating B cells vs、 20% normal)
CD5 may serve as a dual receptor, giving either stimulatory or inhibitory signals depending both on the cell type and the development stage
Positive staining (normal): B cells of mantle zone of spleen and lymph nodes; B cells in peritoneal and pleural cavities; almost all T cells;
In fetus, most B cells in spleen and cord blood are CD5 positive
Positive staining (disease): B cell CLL/SLL, mantle cell lymphoma, most T malignancies, thymic carcinomas (70%)
Negative staining: spindle cell thymomas, MALT lymphoma, follicular lymphoma
Micro images: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, mantle cell lymphoma (figure 3D)
CD6
Adhesion molecule mediating the binding of developing thymocytes with thymic epithelial cells 
May be involved in autoimmunity and graft vs、 host disease (GVHD)
Antibodies to CD6 are used to deplete T cells from bone marrow transplants to prevent GVHD
Positive staining (normal): low levels on immature thymocytes, high levels on mature thymocytes 
CD7
Membrane glycoprotein and Fc receptor for IgM 
Homologous to TCR gamma, Ig kappa
Membrane expression early during T ontogeny, before TCR rearrangement, persists until terminal stages of T cell development
Lower expression in memory T cells vs、 naive T cells
Positive staining (normal): mature peripheral T cells (85%), postthymic T cells (majority), NK cells (majority), some myeloid cells
Positive staining (disease): T cell ALL; AML (especially M4/M5), chronic myelogenous leukemia, blasts in transient myeloproliferative disorder
Negative expression: B cell ALL, Sezary syndrome, adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
Micro images: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
CD8
Aka OKT8, T cell suppressor/cytotoxic cells
On chromosome #2
MHC class I restricted receptor; binds to nonpolymorphic region of class I molecules; may increase avidity of cellcell interactions
Associated with lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma of lung (AJSP 2002;26:715)
Positive staining (normal): T cells (2535% of mature peripheral T cells, most cytotoxic T cells, CD4/CD8+ thymocytes); NK cells (30%which are also CD3 negative); cortical thymocytes (7080%), epidermotrophic lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides (AJSP 2002;26:450)
Micro images: lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma of cervixfigure 3, acute demyelinating disease
Micro images (Mod Path subscribers): nodal cytotoxic T cell lymphoma
Reference: Mod Path 2002;15:1131
CD9
May mediate platelet activation and aggregation
Antibodies are used to purge bone marrow prior to peripheral stem cell bone marrow transplant
Viral coreceptor
Positive staining (normal): pre B cells, B cell subset, T cells, macrophages, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, brain, peripheral nerve, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, epithelia
CD10
Aka mon Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA), neutral endopeptidase 24、11, neprilysin, enkephalinase
Cell membrane metallopeptidase, characteristic marker of follicular center cells and follicular lymphoma, but also widely distributed in normal tissue and neoplasms; also localized to brush border in small bowel mucosa
Inactivates bioactive peptides
Uses: 
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: one of first markers to identify leukemic cells in children (hence its name)
Breast: marker of myoepithelial cells, Mod Path 2002;15:397
Burkitt lymphoma: confirm diagnosis
Colonic carcinogenesis: increase in stromal cells from mild to severe dysplasia to invasive carcinoma, Hum Path 2002;33:806811
Endometriosis: helpful in identifying areas of endometriosis if sparse glandular tissue