完型填空解题技巧.pptx

完型填空试题主要特点完型填空试题主要特点：1.1.通常从一篇通常从一篇250250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空空2020个，首句个，首句不挖空不挖空做完形填空时要注意文章做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用作用；2.2.考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出文化背景文化背景;3.3.干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。作用。完形填空考点和能力要求分析完形填空考点和能力要求分析命命题题意意图图：在在语语篇篇层层面面上上考考查查常常用用词词汇汇的的准准确确、得得体体的的应应用用。选选材材：以以夹夹叙叙夹夹议议或或叙叙述述文文为为主主，信信息息量量大大，情情节节曲曲折折。基基本本能能力力：1 1）阅阅读读理理解解能能力力 2 2）词词汇汇运运用用能能力力完完形形填填空空的的解解题题思思路路：1 1）句句子子理理解解考考查查单单句句语语境境中中词词语语运运用用 2 2）上上下下文文理理解解考考查查并并列列句句及及复复合合句句语语境境中中词词语语的的运运用用 3 3）段段落落理理解解围围绕绕段段落落主主旨旨的的段段落落语语境境中中词词语语的的运运用用 4 4）文文章章中中心心理理解解围围绕绕文文章章中中心心的的文文章章整整体体语语境境中中词词语语运运用用命题意图：命题意图：在语篇层面上考查常用词汇的准确、得体的应用。在语篇层面上考查常用词汇的准确、得体的应用。选材：以夹叙夹议或叙述文为主，信息量大，情节曲折。选材：以夹叙夹议或叙述文为主，信息量大，情节曲折。基本能力：基本能力：1）阅读理解能力）阅读理解能力2）词汇运用能力）词汇运用能力完形填空的解题思路：完形填空的解题思路：1）句子理解）句子理解考查单句语境中词语运用考查单句语境中词语运用2）上下文理解）上下文理解考查并列句及复合句语境中词语的运用考查并列句及复合句语境中词语的运用3）段落理解）段落理解围绕段落主旨的段落语境中词语的运用围绕段落主旨的段落语境中词语的运用4）文章中心理解）文章中心理解围绕文章中心的文章整体语境中词语围绕文章中心的文章整体语境中词语运用运用为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多多?1.1.没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤:多数同学考试时担心时间紧多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-1815-18分钟分钟.切记切记:一定要用一定要用2-32-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.2.2.不注意积累答题技巧不注意积累答题技巧:a.a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;b.b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.跳过空格，通读全文，跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意把握大意再读全文，反复检查再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难，瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破个个击破 完形填空的解题步骤完形填空的解题步骤把握整体把握整体具体分析具体分析词汇题词汇题高考完形高考完形填空考什么？填空考什么？篇章结构篇章结构句际关系句际关系1.复现复现词汇题词汇题AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather_.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof_.Ifeltevenmorehopelesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.1.A.encouragedB.dissatisfiedC.hopelessD.pleased2.A.placeB.jobC.adviceD.help12C.hopelessB.job(2005NMET)MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling36,butIalwaysknewhewas37.36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learnedhenevercriticizedus,butused38(praise)tobringoutourbestfathersaid:“whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw”.C.lawyerC.specialIfhecouldreplacehisgreatpainwithafeelingofloveforothers,thenIshouldbe_togiveupmysmallirritation(恼火恼火).A.readyB.likelyC.freeD.ableStudentsgenerallyappreciatethesespeciallearningopportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors_themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverAtthetablenexttominesatanattractive,_couple,waitingforservice.A.lonelyB.curiousC.well-dressedD.bad-temperedBeforesettingout,ItoldBarrettthistripwouldbetiringand_.A.roughB.dirtyC.anxiousD.violent2.(08天津卷）天津卷）ThenextdayJennawenttoseeMrs.Bidenaboutbeingontheschool25.Mrs.Bidenwasntas26(enthusiastic)asJenna.“Imsorry,butwehaveenough27(writer)forthenewspaperalready.A.committeeB.newspaperC.radioD.team原词重现原词重现3.(08山东卷山东卷)Garthse-mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthat52messagethanIeverdidfromatextbook.A.accurateB.urgentC.briefD.humorous同义词、近义词复现同义词、近义词复现2.词语的习惯用法和词语的习惯用法和固定搭配固定搭配1.Wecanseethereisalotofsleepingonthebusortrainonthe_homefromworkintheevenings.A.wayB.trackC.pathD.roadA.wayonthewayhome回家路上回家路上根据搭配确定词汇根据搭配确定词汇2.Leaningback,she_herfeetontothesofatogetcomfortable.A.shookB.putC.bentD.keptB.putputonto把把放在放在/搁在搁在根据意义辨析确定词汇根据意义辨析确定词汇3.Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir_.A.jobs B.homesC.housesD.offices根据生活常识确定词汇根据生活常识确定词汇A.jobs4.（08安徽安徽)Therearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.Oneofthemistowalkaroundit,guide-book36hand.A.inB.atC.byD.on5.（08安徽安徽)Whenwe41(lookat)itasawhole,webegintohavesome42,whicheventhebestguide-booksdonotanswer.A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions5.(08湖南湖南)Cassielookedatme,andherglare.Ilaughed,ShesmiledA.returnedB.remainedC.increasedD.softened6.(08四川）四川）Iknewshehadstrictsleepinghabits,butIthoughtsheoughttobeableto22someofthisstrictness.A.putupB.takeupC.pickupD.giveup例例1：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir_.Thiswasthebeginningofanother_dayinNewYorkCity.1.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary分析：从信息词分析：从信息词“earlymorning”和和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，来判断，B.homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生也许会认为，既然上班，就要去生也许会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车挤公交车”或或“去办公室去办公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。但上班的方式也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场的、煤矿的，还有去工厂车间的，不一定去办公人们上班有去农场的、煤矿的，还有去工厂车间的，不一定去办公室。因此，室。因此，C.buses和和D.offices不符合生活实际。不符合生活实际。1题只有题只有A.jobs才是最合乎逻辑的选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗才是最合乎逻辑的选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是题答案是D.ordinary(08湖南卷湖南卷)ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.HoldingEverymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast29bedandbringhimthepapersto30.29.A.toB.atC.inD.by30.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign替代替代省略省略1.1.语法手语法手段段语法项目语法项目9.ThestrangeDrhadbeenlovedbysomeone:hehadgivenhislife,asCharley_,foracausehebelievedright.A./B.hadbeenC.hadD.haddone省略省略逻辑手段逻辑手段2.2.逻辑手段逻辑手段分指关系分指关系转折关系转折关系因果关系因果关系解释关系解释关系顺序关系顺序关系并列关系并列关系Shewassmallinfigurebutstrongin_.A.brainB.wishC.willD.healthAlthoughthehappiesttimeformanystudentsisgettinglettersfromhome,mymailboxwasfrequently_.A.emptyB.fullC.closedD.open根据连词根据连词(and,but,although)确定选项。确定选项。EverymorningIgotontheschoolbusrightnearmyhomethatwasnoproblem.Afterschool,_,whenallthebuseswerelinedupalongthestreet,IwasafraidthatIdgetonthewrongoneandbetakentosome,unfamiliarneighborhood.A.thoughB.yetC.althoughD.stillHeappearedcalm,_insidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.A.andB.orC.butD.otherwise分析：分析：(1)填填though，adv.,表示前一句与本句的转折表示前一句与本句的转折,although:连词。连词。(2)填填but,表表calm和和fear对照对照。Markkneltdownandhelpedtheboypickedupthesearticles._theyweregoingthesameway,hehelpedtocarrysomeofthemforhim.A.AlthoughB.sinceC.AfterD.UntilThinkaboutit,_,whilewalkingtowork,wemarkwherewearebypassingacertainbuilding,whyshouldwenotmarkwherewearewhenwepassafamiliar,thoughunnamed,person?A.BecauseB.IfC.AlthoughD.However3.Bsince表由于表由于,引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句,although让步状语从句让步状语从句,表表转折转折,after引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句.4.B.if假设关系假设关系.(08天津天津)Jenna,apopulargirlfromWestwoodMiddleSchool,hadgraduatedfirstinherclassandwasreadyfornewchallengesinhighschool.,highschoolwasdifferent.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Besides(08湖北湖北Neilsonconsidersherselflucky_shesufferedinjuries.A.andB.butC.thoughD.when转折关系转折关系让步关系让步关系 在做完形填空时，我们要理清文章思在做完形填空时，我们要理清文章思路，路，把握作者的态度或思想感情把握作者的态度或思想感情，这对，这对做好一篇完形有着不可估量的作用，否做好一篇完形有着不可估量的作用，否则则可能导致几个空格的连续选填失误可能导致几个空格的连续选填失误。Therearesomanywonderfulstoriesaboutthe_inthisdog,butmyfavoriteisonethatcreatedanimageofhowto_whatisneededwithoutreserve.TearssprungtomyeyesasIwitnessedthisbeautifulactofunconditionalloveformananimalwhotaughtushowtoservelifewithsuchgrace.1.A.loveB.pleasureC.faithD.memory2.A.gainB.abandonC.giveD.getlovegive文章主要讲我家的狗对它的朋友的爱和无私文章主要讲我家的狗对它的朋友的爱和无私的给予给作者带来的震撼。的给予给作者带来的震撼。完型填空考查内容完型填空考查内容语篇信息篇信息词汇手段手段语法手段法手段逻辑手段手段复复现现同同现现替替代代省省略略顺顺序序关关系系并并列列关关系系分分指指关关系系转转折折关关系系解解释释关关系系因因果果关关系系语篇结构（语境理解）语篇结构（语境理解）语语法法项项目目Problemsolvingstrategies上下文语境上下文语境（context)常识背景常识背景（commonsense）习惯搭配习惯搭配（phrases&idioms）词义辨析词义辨析（comparison）语法分析语法分析（grammaranalysis)逻辑分析逻辑分析(logicalanalysis)排除法排除法（exclusivemethod）灵活的解题技巧灵活的解题技巧SteveJobsdidwhathelovedtodoinhislife.HestartedApplewithWozwhenhewas20.IntenyearsApplehadgrownintoa$2billioncompanywithover4,000employees._,whenhehadjustturned30,hewasrejectedandgot_byApple,whichwasdestructivetohim.Buthedidntwanttoabandonwhathe_todo.Hedecidedto_again.HesetupacompanynamedNeXTanditdevelopedsowell_in1997hereturnedtoApplewithnewtechnology,whichplayeda_roleintheboomofApple.Whenaskedwhat_himgoing,JobssaidhisbeingfiredbyApplewasthe_thingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtohim.Heneverlost_andjustcontinuedwhatheloved.Howeverfiredwasrejectedhisbeingfiredlovedlovedlovedstartstartedthatsomajorkeptbestfaith（08江西）江西）Thethreeyouthsleanedoverthemetalrailsalongthesea-wallandwatchedafewfishermenpullintheirnets.Aboutthirtymetresaway,aboatpulledalongsidetheslipperystepsleading36tothesea.“Hey,look!”exclaimedRahim.“Thosetwomenare37heavyrocks.Ithoughtwenolongerdomusclelabourinthistechnological38.”“youdont39acrane(起重起重机机)tounloadlessthanadozenrocks,doyou?”smiledJoshua.“Butthosemendont40tohavemusclesatall,”saidMichael,rathersurprised.Joshuasmiled.“Theyare41laborerswhoknowhowtospreadtheweightoftherocksthey42.Seehowthemanpositionstherockjustattheslopeofhis43.36.A.throughB.acrossC.downD.up37.A.loadingB.unloadingC.coveringD.uncovering38.A.wayB.revolutionC.processD.era39.A.askB.expectC.attemptD.hope40.A.happenB.failC.haveD.seem41.A.ambitiousB.experiencedC.potentialD.energetic42.A.takeB.fetchC.carryD.bring43.A.shoulderB.backC.chestD.arms原词重现原词重现语境语境理解理解词义词义用法用法排除法排除法语境语境-词义词义词义辨析词义辨析常识常识Someoftherocksweightisset44hishead,someontherighthandandsomeonthelefthand.Hisbodyisntbent.Hislegsarewell45.”“Youreright,Josh.Hemayhaveasmallbuild.46hecertainlywellknowshisjob.Dearme!Andtothinkwehavebeenstudying47!”Rahimthoughtaboutallthatwashappening.Suddenly,hesaid,“Technologywont48thehumanbeingcompletely,itappears.”“Idontthinkitwill.”49Joshua.“Youcanharvestacropofpotatoesorwheatwithoneofthoselarge,multi-purposetractors,butyou50usethatequipmenttoharvestlealeavesandtomatoes,willyou?”44.A.onB.againstC.towardD.under45.A.supportedB.graspedC.placedD.strengthened46.A.butB.howeverC.soD.therefore47.A.chemistryB.physicsC.biologyD.psychology48.A.controlB.affectC.removeD.replace49.A.agreedB.proposedC.refusedD.denied50.A.cantB.mustntC.wontD.neednt常识常识词义词义词义辨析词义辨析转折关系转折关系语境理解语境理解词义词义语境语境语境语境原词重现原词重现“Youcangetacomputerto51multiple-choiceassessments,butyoucannotgetthecomputertoproduceofassessessays,canyou?”askedMichael.“Well,thewashingmachineleavesmyshirtcollarquiteas52asever-thatsdomestictechnologyforyou!”saidRahim.“Oneday,perhaps,therewontbeanybody53whocancarryalargerockthewaythosemendo.Itsnotgoingtobeavery54world,Imafraid.”SighedMichael.“Youretoomuchofapessimist(悲观主义者悲观主义者)，Mike.”SaidJoshua.“55willalwaysbeotherthingsthatwillmaketheworldexciting.”51.A.pointoutB.takeoutC.handoutD.printout52.A.dirtyB.cleanC.oldD.new53.A.caughtB.arrangedC.leftD.convinced54.A.excitingB.mysteriousC.technologicalD.modern55.A.ThatB.ThisC.TheyD.There常识常识常识常识-语境语境词义词义-句型句型原原词词重重现现固定句型固定句型跳过空格，通读全文，跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意把握大意瞻前顾后，先易后难，瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破各个击破再读全文，反复检查再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案应对篇章的正确答题步骤应对篇章的正确答题步骤: