(英语)英语高中阅读理解练习题及解析.pdf

（英语）英语高中阅读理解练习题及解析（英语）英语高中阅读理解练习题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence.The studywas a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the UnitedStates.The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a persons mentalabilities in two areas:Language and math.The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China.Between 2010 and 2014,these Chinese men,women and children were given language and math tests.Then researcherscompared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air,namely nitrogen dioxide andsulfur dioxide(二氧化硫).Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study.He and his team found that breathingpolluted air can reduce a persons education level by about one year.Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age,for men and forthose with little or no education.“The older persons they are more affected.And we find,quite amazingly,males are moreaffected than females.And people working outdoors are more affected than people workingindoors.He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old,while the oldest was 90years old.They came from Chinas 33 provinces.In his words,the data and facts are convincingand this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real,objective andrepresentative sample.The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious aspeople age,especially among men and the less educated.The researchers also stressed thatevery country,whether developed,developing or poor,should focus on air pollution or humanswill face a bad situation.（1）What is the result of the study?A.Air pollution has a bad effect on peoples intelligence.B.Females are more affected by air pollution than males.C.Americans are more affected by air pollution than Chinese.D.People working indoors are actually not affected by air pollution.（2）What did Chen say about the study?A.It is doubtful.B.It is extremely unfair.C.It is common and not representative.D.It is relatively objective and persuasive.（3）What did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph?A.The data from the 33 provinces is convincing.B.The whole world should pay attention to air pollution.C.The less educated take more responsibility for air pollution.D.Air pollutions influence on verbal ability is less serious as people age.（4）Where is the text most likely taken from?A.A life diary.B.A guidebook.C.A science magazine.D.A biography.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，长期暴露在空气污染中会在语言和数学两个方面影响一个人的智力，因此每个国家都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The researchers reported that long-term exposure toair pollution can affect a persons mental abilities in two areas:Language and math.”可知，研究人员报告说，长期暴露在空气污染中会在两个方面影响一个人的智力：语言和数学。即研究结果是空气污染会对人们的智力产生不良影响。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“In his words,the data and facts are convincingand this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real,objective andrepresentative sample.”可知，用 Xi Chen 的话说，调查得到的数据和事实令人信服，全国各地的不同年龄和不同地方的人提供了真实，客观和有代表性的研究样本。即 Xi Chen 对这项研究说的是“研究结果是相对客观和有说服力的。”故选 D。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution onverbal ability is even more serious as people age,especially among men and the less educated.The researchers also stressed that every country,whether developed,developing or poor,shouldfocus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.”可知，研究人员指出，随着人们年龄的增长，空气污染对言语能力的影响更加严重，尤其是在男性和文化程度较低的人群中。研究人员还强调，每个国家，无论是发达国家，发展中国家还是贫穷国家，都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。因此在最后一段中研究人员强调了全世界应该注意空气污染。故选 B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段“A new study shows that air pollution can cause a hugereduction in our intelligence.The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University inChina and Yale University in the United States.”可知，本文的话题是研究表明空气污染会大大降低人们的智力。该研究是一个由中国北京大学和美国耶鲁大学的研究人员参与的项目。因此可以推断出文章可能来自于科学杂志。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person companyand helps them remember to take their medicine.That is the shared dream of the toy makerHasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence,Rhode Island.The researchers received a$3-million-dollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project.They want tofind ways to add artificial intelligence,or A.I.,to Hasbros“Joy for All”robotic The cat has already been for sale for two years.Though priced over 1000 dollars,it sold quitewell.It was meant to act as a“companion”for older people.Now the project is aimed atdeveloping additional abilities for the cat.Researchers at Browns Humanity-Centered RoboticsInitiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most.They hope tomake the cat perform a small number of activities very well.Such activities include finding lostobjects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor.They also want to keepthe cost down to just a few hundred dollars.It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott.Her 93-year-old mother Mary Derr lives withher in South Kingstown.Derr has dementia(痴呆).The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this yearhas become a true companion for Derr.The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott isat work.Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and becareful when she walks would be greater.The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities andhow they will communicate.They say that they do not want a talking cat,however.Instead theyare trying to design a cat that can move its head in a special way to successfully communicate itsmessage.In the end,they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in whichthe human feels the cat needs them.By doing so,the researchers hope they can even helpprevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.（1）Whats the purpose of the project?A.To relieve the pain of the elderly.B.To promote the sales of a medicine.C.To invent a robotic cat for the elderly.D.To help make the robotic cat smarter.（2）Compared with the old model,the new robotic cat will beA.smaller B.cheaper C.more talkative D.more expensive（3）What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?A.The cat gives much help to the elderly.B.The more functions of the cat,the better.C.There is no cure for dementia at present.D.Mary Derr would have died without the cat.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.A talking cat is quite popular among the elderly.B.Feelings of sadness among the elderlyare unavoidable.C.Each family can afford such a cat in the future.D.The feeling of being needed is vital tothe elderly.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍新型的人工智能机器猫。机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助，同时机器猫也离不开他们。被需要的感觉是至关重要的。他们甚至可以帮助防止老年人的孤独和悲伤情绪。(1)目的意图题。根据第一段第一句Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean upafter it keeps an older person company and help them remember to take their medicine.项目的目地是帮助机器猫更聪明。故答案选D。(2)推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句They also want to keep the cost down to just a fewhundred dollars.可知，与旧模型相比新的机器猫更便宜。故答案选B。(3)段落大意题。根据第三段最后一句 Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother toremember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.可知，机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助。故答案选A。(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句In the end,they hope to create an exchange betweenthe human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them.By doing so,the researchershope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.可知，被需要的感觉是至关重要的。故答案选D。【点评】推论性考察题一般包括事实推断、指代推断、逻辑推断和对作者意图与观点的推断。常见的提问方式有：The writer believes that.From this passage we canguess.The write suggests that。除了一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案外，其他诸如对条件变化、因果关系以及作者意图等较为深层的逻辑推断题，则必须要建立在对全文的理解基础上，通过文章所提供的线索，加以综合分析，才能做出正确的推断。3阅读理解 When a dog looks at you with big puppy-dog eyes,its hard for you to go away,and you mayspeak out“Awww”without hesitation.However,theres a reason why you find a dogs stare soattractive.That sweet stare actually causes the release of a particular hormone,or chemicalmessenger in the body.This hormone creates feelings of affection in humans.The same thinghappens to dogs when people look back at them.Scientists believe this helps people and theirfour-legged friends bond,or feel connected.Scientists have wondered what causes dogs tolovingly stare at their owners.To find out,a team of researchers from Azabu University in Japanstudied 30 owners and their dogs.The researchers found that after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together,bothshowed a rise in oxytocin(催产素).One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promotebonding,like that between a mother and newborn.The increase of oxytocin didnt happen,though,when scientists repeated the experiment with wolves and the humans who had raisedthem.A second experiment also found that if dogs were given oxytocin,they looked at their ownerslonger.Scientists arent sure exactly why,but this reaction occurred only with female dogs.Theirowners oxytocin levels also rose as a result.The result of these experiments might help answer an age-old question:How did the fearsomewolf ancestor of modern dogs turn into mans best friend?Takefumi Kikusui,an animal scientistwho worked on the study,thinks that the change happened when dogs first became domestic(驯养的).According to Kikusui,there may have been a small group of wild dogs that were naturallyfriendlier.“Humans are very sensitive to eye contact.B y using this special communication tool,the dogs are able to win over our hearts.If they are more likely to make eye contact,it would beeasier for them to bond with dog owners,”Kikusui said.（1）According to Paragraph 1,people say“Awww”to .A.make the dog stare at them B.express their love for the dogsC.draw the dogs attention awayD.warn the dogs not to approach them（2）According to the passage,oxytocin can .A.reduce animals pain of giving birth B.motivate animals desires to protect othersC.help animals to develop a better relationshipD.enable animals to survive more easilyfrom dangers（3）The underlined words the change in Paragraph 4 refer to that .A.dogs became friends with humans B.wolves begin to bond with humansC.dogs and wolves are best friendsD.dogs were domesticated by humans（4）Whats the purpose of the passage?A.To call on humans to be friendly to dogs.B.To give advice on how to get along with dogs.C.To introduce the evolution process of wild dogs.D.To explain why humans and dogs areconnected.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。本文主要叙述科学家解开了狗与人类的关系为何演变成今日如此这般和谐的原因之谜。（1）推理判断题。第一段开头When a dog looks at you with big puppy-dog eyes,its hard foryou to go away,and you may speak out“Awww”without hesitation.However,theres a reasonwhy you find a dogs stare so attractive.当狗看着你，你毫不犹豫地说“Awww”，不愿意离开。这是因为你觉得狗的注意力很有吸引力，狗吸引了你，说明你爱狗。故答案选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段开头的after the pets and their owners spent half an hourtogether,both showed a rise in oxytocin(催产素).One key role of this hormone in many animalsis to promote bon ding,宠物和主人在一起半个小时，人与狗身上的催产素就会增加了。这种激素在许多动物中的关键作用就是促进关系。说明，催产系可以帮助动物加强联系，提升关系。故答案选 C。（3）推理判断题。第三、四两段给狗催产素，它们注视主人时间更长。但是只有母狗会如此，所以给狗催产素后，狗的反应不一样。这些实验的结果可能有助于解决一个古老的问题：现代狗的可怕狼祖先是如何变成人类最好的朋友的？从事这项研究的动物科学家Takefumi Kikusui 认为，这种变化就是狗最初成为家畜时发生的变化。由此可推断出，这种变化就是狗由令人害怕的狼祖先变成人类最好的朋友。分析选项可知，故答案选A。（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文解释了狗与人类的关系如何演变成今天的如此和谐的朋友关系的原因。分析选项可知 D 项（解释人类和狗连系的原因）符合题意，故答案选D。【点评】阅读理解题主旨大意及段落大意解题技巧：位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实,然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。4阅读理解 Many animals recognize their food because they see it.So do humans.When you see an appleor apiece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat.You can also use other senseswhen you choose your food.You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good.Youmay dislike some types of food because they do not look,smell or taste very nice.Differentanimals use different senses to find and choose their food.A few animals depend on only one oftheir senses,while most animals use more than one sense.Although there are many different types of food,some animals spend their lives eating onlyone type.The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo.Other animals eat only onetype of food even when given the choice.A land of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of acabbage,even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.However,most animalshave a more varied diet.The bear eats fruits and fish.The fox eats small animals,birds and fruits.The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.Humans have a very varied diet.We often eat food because we like it and not because it isgood for us.In countries such as France and Britain,people eat foods with too much sugar.Thismakes them overweight,which is bad for their health.Eating too much red meat and animalproducts,such as butter,can also be bad for the health Choosing the right food,therefore,hasbecome an area of study in modern life.（1）We can infer from the text that humans and animals .A.depend on one sense in choosing food B.are not satisfied with their foodC.choose food in similar ways D.eat entirely different food（2）Which of the following eats only one type of food?A.The white butterfly B.The small bird.C.The bear.D.The fox.（3）Certain animals change their choice of food when .A.the season changesB.the food color changesC.they move to different placesD.they are attracted by different smells（4）We can learn from the last paragraph that .A.food is chosen for a good reason B.French and British food is goodC.some people have few choices of food D.some people care little about healthy diet（5）Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Animals often use senses to eat their food.B.Most animals have a more varied diet.C.All animals spend their lives eating one type of food.D.The diet of birds and fox will bethe same depending on the season.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）D（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了动物和人选择食物的方法以及一些动物选择食物的偏向性。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Many animals recognize their food because they see it.So do humans.”可知动物和人类在选择食物的时候，使用的方法可能是相似的，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A land of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of acabbage,even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.”可知，白蝴蝶只吃一种食物。故选 A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The diet of these animals will be different dependingon the season.”可知，有些动物的饮食会随着季节的变化而发生改变。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This makes them overweight,which is bad for theirhealth Eating too much red meat and animal products,such as butter,can also be bad for thehealth Choosing the right food,therefore,has become an area of study in modern life.”可知，吃太多的糖会让人超重，对身体健康不好，选择适当的食物在现代生活中已经成为一个研究领域。因此推断有些人不在乎健康的饮食。故选D。（5）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“However,most animals have a more varied diet.”可知，大多少动物饮食多样化。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5阅读理解 In Shanghais Grand Theater,a fashionable,mainly young audience applauds enth