2019年山东省临沂中考英语试卷-答案.pdf

1/7 2019 年山东省临沂市初中学业水平考试试题 英语答案解析 一、听力测试 1.【答案】D 2.【答案】F 3.【答案】C 4.【答案】E 5.【答案】B 6.【答案】C 7.【答案】A 8.【答案】B 9.【答案】A 10.【答案】C 11.【答案】A 12.【答案】B 13.【答案】B 14.【答案】A 15.【答案】B 二、单项填空 16.【答案】C【解析】句意：柏林是德国的首都。A 选型是零冠词，a 是不定冠词，常翻译为“一个”，the 表示特指。capital of Germany 德国的首都，是特指，所以用定冠词 the,故选 C。【考点】冠词的用法 17.【答案】B【解析句意：在世界上，超过 30%的学校没有为大约 5.7 亿儿童提供安全的饮用水。provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth，为某人提供某物，这是固定搭配。根据句子结构，这里用到短语 provide sth for sb，故选 B。【考点】介词辨析 18.【答案】A【解析】句意：如果我 9 点离开家，开车去机场，大约 11 点到。所以从我家到机场大约要两个小时的车程。首先两小时 two hours,这里表示开车两个小时“的”距离，所以要用所有格，表示的，hours 的所有格直接在后面加“”，故选 A。【考点】名词所有格，名词复数 19.【答案】C【解析】句意为：我饿了。你知道我们在哪里能找到一些好吃的食物吗？当然！拐角附近有一家饭店。本句使用 there be 句型，be 动词应和“a restaurant”保持一致，且此处是客观情况，应用一般现在时。故选 C。【考点】动词的时态 20.【答案】A【解析】句意为：最近的一项调查显示，44%的美国人想要使用自动驾驶汽车，尽管 34%的人认为它们会使公路变得更危险。A 项意为“尽管，虽然”；B 项意为“因为”；C 项意为“如果”。故选 A。2/7 【考点】连词辨析 21.【答案】B【解析】句意为：网球可以锻炼我们所有的肌肉。并且它需要我们花时间和别人在一起。这也对我们的健康有益。分析句子结构可知，空格处作requires”的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式。故选B。【考点】代词辨析 22.【答案】C【解析】句意为：蚂蚁非常小。你可能认为它们一定很弱小。但是你可能不知道的是就它们的体型而言，它们很强壮。A 项意为“需要”；B 项意为“不可能”；C 项意为“一定”。故选 C。【考点】情态动词辨析 23.【答案】B【解析】句意为：“留守”儿童几乎见不到他们的父母，因为他们的父母在城里工作，把他们留在乡村由他们的祖父母照顾。A 项意为“总是”；B 项意为“几乎不”；C 项意为“经常”。故选 B。【考点】词义辨析 24.【答案】A【解析】句意为：全世界每年生产出 3 亿吨塑料，其中大约有 10%的塑料最终流入海里。根据句意可知，此处表示客观情况，应用一般现在时，且主语“plastic”和 create 是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选 A。【考点】动词的时态和语态 25.【答案】C【解析】句意为：Roy 在伦敦工作。他每天大约要花半个小时的时间乘坐公共汽车去上班。It takes sb.sometime to do sth.意为“某人花多长时间做某事”，为固定用法。故选 C。【考点】动词辨析 26.【答案】A【解析】句意为：Cathy 在庭院销售时卖掉了她的一些东西，并将那些钱捐赠给了一个儿童之家。A 项意为“捐赠”；B 项意为“放弃”；C 项意为“分发”。故选 A。【考点】动词短语辨析 27.【答案】B【解析】句意为：融冰会导致海平面上升。自 1993 年以来，海平面以每十年 3.2 厘米的速度上升。根据时间状语“since1993”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选 B。【考点】动词的时态 28.【答案】C【解析】句意为：课间休息是学生们做运动和与同学们交流的好时间。因此，它不但有助于学生的健康，还可以提高他们的社交技能。A 项意为“要么要么”；B 项意为“既不也不”；C 项意为“不但而且”。故选 C。【考点】连词短语辨析 29.【答案】B【解析】句意为：小猪佩奇是一部英国卡通片，在中国很受欢迎，深受小孩子和他们父母的喜爱。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词是“cartoon”，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用 that或 which 引导。故选 B。【考点】定语从句 30.【答案】C【解析】句意为：婴儿是无忧无虑的吗？一项美国的最新研究表明两岁的孩子在意他人如何看待自己。care about 后是宾语从句，从句使用陈述句语序；再根据“says”和“care about”可知，从句应使用 3/7 一般现在时。故选 C。【考点】宾语从句 三、阅读理解 31.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了超过 85 分贝的声音就会对人的听力造成损害，并提出了安全倾听的建议。根据第二段第二句“It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB（分贝）for eight hours or 100 dB for 15minutes.”可知，听 85 分贝以上的声音 8 小时或 100 分贝以上的声音 15 分钟是不安全的。所以本句是错误的。故选 B。【考点】细节理解能力 32.【答案】A【解析】根据第三段第四句“However，listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die.”可知，然而，长时间听音量过大的噪音会使这些细胞过于辛苦，从而导致一些细胞死亡。所以本句是正确的。故选 A。【考点】细节理解能力 33.【答案】A【解析】根据第四段第三句“For example，if you are in a noisy place like the subway，you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it.可知，例如，如果你在像地铁这样嘈杂的地方，你可能意识不到你将音乐的音量开得很大。所以本句是正 确的。故选 A。【考点】细节理解能力 34.【答案】B【解析】根据最后一段第二句“Over-the-ear headphones（头戴式耳机）are better than in-ear ones.”可知，头戴式耳机比入耳式耳机更好。所以本句是错误的。故选 B。【考点】细节理解能力 35.【答案】B【解析】通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了高分贝的声音会对人们的听力造成损害并给人们提出了一些建议。所以本句是错误的。故选 B。【考点】主旨大意 36.【答案】C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。美国的一项科学研究发现，学生们可以通过学习伟大的科学家们是如何处理他们所遇见的障碍来提高自己的物理和化学成绩。通读全文尤其是第一段内容并结合第二段最后一句“These stories about struggles also told students how the scientists dealt with these obstacles（阻碍）.”和第三段第三句“Scientists found those in Group 2 and 3 improved their science grades.”可知，学生们可以通过学习伟大的科学家们是如何处理他们所遇见的障碍来提高自己的物理和化学成绩。故选 C。【考点】推理判断 37.【答案】B【解析】根据第二段第二句“More than 400 students from schools in New York City took part in it.”可知，来自纽约市的 400 多名学生参与了这项研究。由此可推知，这些学生都在纽约市上学。故选B。【考点】推理判断题 38.【答案】A【解析】根据第三段最后两句“Students in Group 1 didnt see a grade increase.Some of them even had lower grades after the study.”可知，第一组学生的成绩没有提高。他们中的一些人甚至在实验后获得的分数更低。由此推知，Andy Hunt 可能是第一组的组员。故选 A。4/7 【考点】推理判断 39.【答案】B【解析】根据第四段第二句中的“kids often think Einstein was truly intelligent”，可知孩子们常常认为爱因斯坦真的很聪明。由此可推知，孩子们认为自己永远也比不上爱因斯坦。所以“match”意为“比得上”。故选 B。【考点】词义猜测 40.【答案】C【解析】根据最后一段倒数第二句“Xiaodong thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed.”可知，Xiaodong 认为教科书应该包括更多关于伟大的科学家是如何为了成功而奋斗的故事。故选 C。【考点】细节理解 41.【答案】D 42.【答案】A 43.【答案】E 44.【答案】C 45.【答案】F 46.【答案】E 47.【答案】B 48.【答案】C 49.【答案】F 50.【答案】D 51.【答案】D 52.【答案】F 53.【答案】E 54.【答案】A 55.【答案】C 四、听写 56.【答案】Tuesday/Tues./Tue.57.【答案】4：15/a quarter past four 58.【答案】by train 59.【答案】90/ninety 60.【答案】jacket 五、词形转换 61.【答案】relaxed 62.【答案】myself 63.【答案】badly 64.【答案】members 65.【答案】highest 66.【答案】discover 67.【答案】painful 68.【答案】action 六、动词应用 69.【答案】was caused【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述重庆一位女乘客与司机发生激烈争执互殴导致车辆失控，掉 5/7 入江中，最终导致 15 人死亡的事件，该事件引起了社会的强烈反响。根据上文中的“October28，2018”可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语“The accident”与 cause 构成被动关系。故填 was caused。【考点】动词的时态和语态 70.【答案】to stop【解析】refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”，为固定搭配。故填 to stop。【考点】非谓语动词 71.【答案】was driving【解析】此处表示当时 Ran 正在开车，且本文讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用过去进行时。故填 was driving。【考点】动词的时态 72.【答案】announced【解析】根据上句中“said”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 announced。【考点】动词的时态 73.【答案】should stand【解析】此处表示“我们”应该站起来，制止乘客和司机争吵。根据语境知，此处应用 should do。故填 should stand。【考点】情态动词 74.【答案】to avoid【解析】此处表示“我们”应该站起来，制止乘客和司机争吵，以避免这种悲剧。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to avoid。【考点】非谓语动词 75.【答案】touching【解析】stop sb.from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填 touching。【考点】非谓语动词 七、阅读表达 76.【答案】In Europe and especially in Eastern Europe.77.【答案】0ne./One child./She wants to have one child.78.【答案】She wants to work for at least 10 years./She doesnt want to have any children until she has worked for at least 10 years.79.【答案】Because a lot of people，usually aged between 20 and30，are leaving the country to work abroad./Because people are leaving to work in other countries./Because more than half a million people have moved to Britain，Germany，Spain and Italy.80.答案】In France，women receive nearly$1000 a month for a year if they have a third child.八、书面表达【答案】略【解析】本篇书面表达是一篇提纲作文，主要以 I have changed a lot！为题，根据要求写一篇短文，介绍你最重要的变化及其是如何发生的。写作时，使用第一人称；时态使用一般过去时。注意要保证内容完整、布局合理、思路清晰、行文连贯、语言丰富、表达准确、书写规范。附：听力录音材料（一）听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。1.Dont run in the hallways！2.Look！A monkey is playing with water over there.3.Jacks mother bought a sweater for him yesterday.4.Jenny cant go to school because she has a headache.6/7 5.Its good for our health to eat some apples or oranges every day.（二）听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。6.W:Im going to England next month.M:Are you going to visit your friends or do business？W:Neither.Im going to study medicine there.Question:Why is the lady going to England？7.W:My cousin Alan has gone home.Can you help me，Danny？M:Certainly.Whats wrong，Sally？W:My bike is broken.Can you repair it？M:Yes.Question:Whose bike is broken？8.M:What would you like for dinner，Gina？W:Not chicken again.Were always having that.How about some fish instead？M:I havent got any fish and its too late to get any from the shop.But Ive got some sandwiches.W:OK.Question:What is Gina going to eat？9.W:You must have a rest，Frank.You really have been working too hard these days.M:But how can I？Im taking an exam next Monday.W:Oh，dont worry.Why not go to the park with me just this afternoon？M:All right.Question:What will Frank do this afternoon？10.W:Youre home late，Mike.M:Yes，Mum.I finished my homework in the library.W:I thought you were playing football with your friends after school.M:I wanted to，but I left my sports bag at home.Question:Where was Mike after school？（三）听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有 20 秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。Helen Thayer was the first woman who walked to the North Pole alone.Helen was born in New Zealand and she lived there when she was a girl.Now she lives in the United States.When she was fifty，she had a dream.She wanted to walk to the North Pole alone，and she decided to do it.On her journey，Helen didnt have any help.She was completely alone except for her dog，Charlie.The journey was very difficult.She walked 345 miles in freezing weather conditions.Once，seven polar bears wanted to eat Helen and Charlie.Charlie saved Helens life.Helen is a hero because she had a dream and she tried very hard to make it come true，even in very dangerous and difficult situations.（四）听对话，根据对话内容完成下列句子，每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前，你们有 20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子Dave:Hi Alice.Im going with my cousin to a concert next week.Do you want to come with us？Alice:What day，Dave？Dave:Were going on Tuesday afternoon.Alice:What time does the concert start？Dave:At one-thirty and it finishes at a quarter past four.Alice:How will we get there？7/7 Dave:Well go by train.Its too far to ride a bicycle，and there is no subway.Alice:OK.Are the tickets expensive？Ive only got one hundred dollars.Dave:Oh，thats all right.Theyre only ninety dollars each.Alice:Great！That leaves me with ten dollars to get some ice-cream or a drink.Is there anything I need to bring？Dave:Youll need a jacket because its cold inside the concert tent.Alice:Great！I cant wait!