大学英语读写教程第1册unit-8-阅读理解三篇.doc

ｕｎit　8
Part 1 Readｉng pｒeｈension ﻫ
Dｉrｅcｔiｏｎs: Ｒead the following ｐａｓｓagｅs careｆｕlly、 Ｅach passage iｓ　follｏwed by somｅ quｅstions ｏr unfinisheｄ sentences、　For ｅａcｈ of them thｅrｅ　are four ｃhｏiｃｅs　maｒｋed　Ａ, B,　C, anｄ D、 Choose　ｔhe ｂesｔ ａnｓwer ｔo　ｅaｃh queｓtiｏn、

Quesｔions 1 to　5 aｒe ｂasｅd oｎ the same passage oｒ dｉalog、
Maｎｎｅｒs　eｖolｖｅd ｄifｆerentlｙ in ｄｉffｅｒeｎｔ　ｃｕlｔｕres、 Ｉn earlｉｅr timｅs there　ｗas a　tendeｎcy ｆｏr ｍanｎｅrs to　bee ｉncreａsingｌy forｍａl,　ａnｄ tｈis wａｓ　often ｖiewed　ａs progress、 Ｉn thｅ　１８tｈ and 1９th　ｃenturｉes haｖiｎｇ good maｎners　was seen as an impｏrtａnt parｔ oｆ onｅ's educatｉｏn　aｎd ｓｏｃiaｌ　ｃｌass, aｎd it was ｎecesｓarｙ to be takｅｎ ａs ａ laｄy ｏr　a ｇentleman tｏ geｔ aｈead in　ｔhe world、
In the ２0th ａｎｄ 2１st ｃenturｉes, maｎnerｓ hａve graｄｕａlｌy beｅ moｒe ｒｅlaxｅｄ aｎｄ iｎｆｏrmal、 The ｈｏｓting ｏf　dinｎers anｄ ｏｔher ｓｏｃial　gatherｉngｓ ａre no ｌｏngｅｒ the　ｅｘclusiｖe　priｖｉleｇｅ of the wｅaltｈy eｌite　(精英）, ａnd privaｔｅ clubｓ are beiｎg gｒaduａlｌy　replaced by ｍoｒｅ open ｍeeｔiｎg plａces、 Sｏ　ｔｈe maｎnerｓ　of thｅ ｓalｏｎ (沙龙)　ａrｅ　gradually biｎｉng　ｗith　tｈe manners　of　the　pub、 Clothing　ｉs　a good iｎdicatｉon oｆ　ｔｈe chａｎgeｓ in ｍannｅrｓ, aｓ can ｂe ｓeen ｉｎ thｅ ｆolloｗｉng examplｅｓ、　
Iｔ　iｓ suｒｐrising tｈａt　the　wｅaｒｉｎg ｏｆ hatｓ ｉnｄoors ｂy males ｉs　once　again ｂeing aｃcｅptaｂle、 Sｔｕdｅnts iｎ　Nｏrth Amｅrｉca ｏｆｔen　ｗear baseball capｓ to class、 In manｙ ｃouｎtries tｈe weａring ｏf　ｈats ｉnｄooｒs by mａles was oncｅ ａｃceptabｌe ｅveｎ ｉｎ verｙ ｐolite　society, but over　the ｙｅａｒs this bｅcame ｃoｎsidereｄ as ａ lowｅr-ｃlass ｂehavｉor　ａnd wａs　thuｓ discourageｄ　in both thｅ middｌe and uppeｒ clasｓeｓ、 The yoｕｎg　peｏplｅ wｈo weａr hats indoors do ｎoｔ reaｌｉze they　are actually　ｒestaｒtｉｎg a　veｒy　oｌd ｃultuｒal ｔrａditｉon、
A paraｂlｅ　developｍenｔ ｆor ｆemalｅs is　ｔhe wearinｇ oｆ jeａnｓ、 Maｎｙ femａles　ｎow ｗear ｊeaｎｓ on a daily ｂasis, either aｔ hｏmｅ　or at　woｒk、 Some ｓee thiｓ as ａ　symboliｃ ｄeｃlarａｔion that they　aｒｅ ｎow modern woｍen, ｎot girls or ladies、　Ｓome giｒｌs, liｋｅ ｂoyｓ,　wｅar　baseball cａpｓ ｂｏth iｎｄoorｓ ａnd oｕｔdoorｓ、　
Ｓｎeakers and sｈｏrts ａｒe　nｏw aｃcｅptable foｒ either ｍales ｏr feｍales in　ａ　ｖaｒｉety of ｎｏn-athletic situａtｉｏns、 Somｅ　panies havｅ ｒules ｒｅquiring ｉnfoｒmal dｒess such　aｓ jeans　ｏr sｎeａkers　on Fｒiｄays　(cａlleｄ ＂dress-dｏwn Frｉday＂ or "casual　Friday"), ａnｄ othｅrs permit it ａlmｏsｔ aｌl ｔhe time、 In　tｈese pａnies, and　ｍany oｔhers， ｉt iｓ ａｃceptable　tｏ　ｃaｌl tｈe bｏsses ｂy tｈeir first nameｓ、

１、
Ｗhａt does　ｔhｅ pａssage mainly　talｋ aboｕｔ？

A、 Changes oｆ manneｒs ｏver ｔiｍe、

B、 Formal maｎnｅrs　iｎ　the eａrlｉer tｉmｅｓ、

Ｃ、 Dｉｆfeｒent ｍａnneｒs in dｉｆferent cultures、

D、　Dｅveｌopmenｔ of maｎners　ｉn　diffｅrｅnt classes、

２、
Iｎ　thｅ 20th anｄ　２1sｔ ｃenｔuries,　＿________、

A、 manneｒs　ａｒe nｏt as fｏrmal as ｉｎ ｔhe　past

B、　manｎｅrs in a　ｐub aｒe getting more　and moｒｅ fｏrmal

Ｃ、　proper cloｔｈing　is　a ｇooｄ　inｄicatｉｏn of ｇood　mａｎneｒs

Ｄ、 ricｈ pｅople no longer behave fｏrmally iｎ ｓｏｃial gatheringｓ

3、
Ａcｃoｒding tｏ ｔhe ｐaｓｓage, "the mannerｓ ｏf thｅ　saloｎ" ｉn ｐaraｇｒaph 2 most likely　referｓ　to　___＿______、

A、 Formal mａnnerｓ of drｉnking、

B、 Inｆorｍal mａnners　oｆ ｄｒinking、

C、 Ｆormal manners at sociａl gathｅringｓ、

D、 Iｎformal mａnｎeｒs　at social gaｔｈｅrinｇs、

4、
Accorｄing ｔｏ ｔhe ｐassage, ｎoｗadａys weａring　a hat indoors　ｃaｎ ａctｕallｙ be　viｅwed as　____＿____、

A、 a revoｌｕｔion

B、 sociaｌ proｇｒess

C、 a worsｅning ｓituａtiｏn

D、 a　reｔuｒn tｏ the　old　traｄitioｎ

５、
Accordinｇ　to　the aｕthor, todaｙ wearing ｈaｔs indooｒs， and　ｗearing　ｊｅans　at work maiｎly　iｎdicａte that ＿______＿_、

A、 women　are no longｅr infｅrior to ｍen

B、 peoplｅ no　lｏnger pay ａttｅntion　to　drｅｓｓｉｎg detａils

Ｃ、 pｅoplｅ are　getting mｏre relaxed iｎ　termｓ　of mａnnｅrs

D、 ｓｏｍe panies haｖe lower　reｑuｉremｅnｔs　fｏr theｉr　employeｅs
Qｕｅｓｔiｏnｓ 6　to　10 ａre　baseｄ on thｅ same　paｓsａｇe or diａlog、
Betｗｅｅn ｔhe 1950s and　ｔｈe　earｌy 19８0s, ｔｈe evolｖing　rｏlｅ oｆ Japanesｅ　wｏmen ｈａd bｅen　mｏsｔ　obｖiｏuｓ in ｔheiｒ　attｉtudes toｗarｄ ｍａrｒiage　and the familｙ system、　Ｔhere ｈad　ｂeeｎ ａ trend awａy fｒom aｒｒａnged　marriages、 Many yｏuｎg womeｎ　aｄｍiｔteｄ thａｔ　ｔheｙ tooｋ paｉd empｌoymeｎｔ mosｔly ｉn ordｅr　to fｉnd a husband　on　ｔheir　owｎ、 Iｎ sｐite ｏｆ ｔhｉs aｎd ｏtheｒ ｉｎfluｅnces　a 198２　figurｅ ｓｈowed tｈat almost 40 peｒceｎt of ｍaｒｒiages weｒe stilｌ arｒangｅｄ、　Tｈiｓ　fiｇuｒｅ ｗas, ｈｏwever, haｌf　the sｉzｅ of　a　1955　sｕrvey　whicｈ ｓhｏwed ｔhaｔ aｌｍoｓｔ ８1 peｒｃent　of maｒｒiagｅs　ｗeｒｅ aｒranｇed、　Once　maｒriｅｄ, ｍany women in the earｌy 1980s ｃontinued　tｏ ｗoｒk, aｎｄ incrｅasｉｎgly　they rｅｔuｒnｅｄ ｔo worｋ ａｆter ｃｈiｌdbirtｈ, soｍｅthing whicｈ wａs　harｄ to　imagine　ａ geｎeratｉｏn before、 A womａｎ'ｓ role in　tｈe　famiｌy　was　evolｖing ａs wｅll，　bｅing more and　ｍoｒｅ doｍｉｎant、
Wｏmen had souｇhｔ more pｅrsonaｌ satiｓｆaｃｔiｏn ｆrom tｈｅir ｌｉｖes siｎｃe １９50s、　Iｎ the beｇｉｎniｎg of　thｅ１９8０ｓ，　durｉng　ｔｈeiｒ　lｉvｅｓ before　marriaｇｅ ｗomen ｍade up an aｌmosｔ　freｅ-wheelｉnｇ (随心所欲） ｐart of Japａnesｅ sｏｃiｅｔｙ、 A surｖey ｏｆ　new ｂｒiｄes reporｔeｄ that　onlｙ 12 percenｔ expeｃteｄ their ｍarｒiage to be hａpｐy、 At tｈat ｔime, Japaｎese ｓtilｌ　regａｒded marｒiaｇe not aｓ　the ｐeaｋ of　a rｏｍance buｔ ａs a　dｕty　that was prｉmaｒily ｓocｉａｌ aｎd ｐrａcｔicaｌ in　ｓigｎificaｎce、 Aｓ a result, Japanｅｓe womｅn　tooｋ full aｄｖantaｇe　oｆ　their ｙeaｒs before　marｒiage、 Most women remainｅd ａt ｈoｍe　ｗhiｌe ｗorking,　liｖｉｎg　with their family　in　ａ　sort　of　extended deｐｅndeｎcy、 Jaｐaｎese woｍen, hｏｗever,　ｍuｓt be　cａｒｅｆuｌ to maｉｎtａｉｎ ｔhemsｅｌves ｗｉthin acceptable socｉal ｓtaｎdards, one woｍaｎ beinｇ told，　"If yｏu act　liｋe that, you　wｉll ｎot　be wanted aｓ ａ brｉde、"
Once mａrrieｄ a Ｊａｐanｅse woｍen found herｓｅlｆ iｎ ａ role　opｐｏsite ｏf the perceｉｖed ｓex roｌes iｎ　Ｊapａn – thｅ femalｅ wａｓ dominaｎt ｉn thｅ　houｓe、 Thｅ relatｉonsｈｉｐ beｔween tｈｅ partnｅrs of a Jaｐaｎese marrｉage cleａrly shoｗed ｔhe ｅvolｖiｎg ｒoｌe ｏｆ womｅn、 It must bｅ ｒememｂered　ｔｈat a sｈort　onｅ　hundｒed yｅarｓ ago thｅ attitude　ｔowａrd woｍｅn　wａｓ ｔhat "Ｉn everyｔhing she mｕsｔ　obey hｅr ｈusband"、 Ｂy tｈｅ eａrly 1980ｓ tｈe　ｒｏle of ｗomen　hａd chａｎged: A Japanese wｏｍａn had　almｏst　uｎquestioneｄ　power witｈin the fａmily　system　oｆ　today's　Japan、

6、
Wｈat ｉs　the ｐａｓｓaｇe　ｍainly　ａｂout?

A、 Chaｎges iｎ the rｏlｅ of Ｊａpanese woｍeｎ、

B、 Ｃhanges in ｔｈe　stｙlｅs oｆ Japａｎese mａｒriａgｅs、

C、 Jaｐanｅｓｅ wｏmen's stｒｕｇgｌe ｆｏr ｉndeｐenｄencｅ、

Ｄ、　Jａpanese ｗomen's inｃｒeased　powｅr　in　ｔheiｒ ｆamilies、

7、
What dｉｄ ｔｈe ａｕthor sａy aｂoｕt Ｊaｐanese ｗomｅｎ　befｏrｅ ｔｈe １950s?

Ａ、　Many　womeｎ　ｃonｔinｕeｄ to work　afteｒ mａrriａgｅ、

B、 A mａjorｉtｙ　oｆ women　had　theｉr ｍａrrｉages　arranged、

C、　Ｏnlｙ less tｈａn　haｌf ｏf womｅｎ ｈａd ａｒranged ｍarｒｉａｇeｓ、

D、 Many　womeｎ went　to wｏｒk　in　order ｔo find a husbａｎd、

8、
Whaｔ was　marrｉage ｉn ｍany Japanese pｅople'ｓ eyes in　the　ｅarly 1980s？

Ａ、 It wａs thｅ eｎd　of theiｒ rｏmaｎce、

B、 Ｉｔ was tｈｅ　ｂegｉnning　ｏf a　happy life、

C、 It was a social rｅｓponsｉbilitｙ ｏne　hａs tｏ fuｌfill、

D、 It waｓ the　ｈiｇhesｔ point ｏｆ theｉr ｒomanｔｉc rｅｌaｔｉｏnshｉp、

9、
Whｉch　of the fｏｌｌowiｎg was tｈｅ　main ｃaｕse ｆor mosｔ　Japanｅse women iｎ ｔhe early 1980s to　take full ａｄvaｎtage oｆ tｈeｉr years ｂｅfｏｒe mａｒｒiage？

A、 Ｔｈey bｅlｉeved　they would no loｎgｅr　hａve a　hapｐｙ ｌｉｆｅ ａfｔer　maｒｒiagｅ、

Ｂ、 Ｔhｅy　knew tｈey ｃould ｎoｔ be as　domｉnant as beｆore aftｅr　getｔing ｍarriｅd、

C、 They　sｈouｌd nｏt go　beyonｄ acceｐｔabｌe　social　stanｄards　ａfｔer　ｍarｒiａｇe、

D、 They wｏuｌd no　lｏnger ｈave time ｔｏ work aｆter marrｉage、

10、
＂Thｅ　perｃeivｅd sｅx roles＂ in thｅ last ｐａｒagｒaph　ｍosｔ probａbly ｒefｅrs to ｔhe fａct ｔhat tｈｅ wifｅ___＿_＿＿__、

A、 hａd to ｏbey the husbaｎｄ ｉn the famｉly

Ｂ、　had ｔｏ　ｓｕppｏrt　ｔhe　husｂaｎd and　hｉs ｆａｍilｙ

C、 cｏｕlｄ make decisions ｏn　eveｒｙtｈｉng ｉn the family

D、 cｏuld　queｓtion sｏme ｏｆ the　ｈuｓbａnds' decｉｓｉonｓ
Quesｔiｏns 1１ to 1５　are based　on the　same passaｇｅ oｒ diａlog、
Leadersｈip is tｈe　abiliｔy　of a　pｅｒson to ｇuide ｐｅopｌｅ　in a gｒoｕp toward ａｃhieving a tasｋ at hand、 Ｉ bｅlｉeve　that leaders aｒe　ｍａde; they aｒｅ nｏt born　ａｎd ａ ｐersｏn ｃan aｌways be ａ gｏoｄ lｅａｄeｒ if he makes full use　of the　foｌlowｉｎg liｓt of leａdeｒshiｐ strengtｈs、
Ｆiｒstly, task exeｃｕtiｏn （实施) is ｏｎe of ｔhe most iｍｐortant　lｅadershｉｐ stｒengｔhs、　ｉng　ｕｐ　with a ｂriｌｌiａnt idea aｎd　exeｃuting ｔhat　idｅa are tｗo plｅteｌy　diｆferenｔ things、 Ｂrinｇinｇ an idｅa　to　ｌｉfe iｓ a ｌot eaｓier ｓａｉd tｈａn　done、 An　idｅa rｅalｌy es ｔo lｉfｅ　oｎｌｙ wｈen it iｓ executed to perｆectiｏn、 Fｏr this, you need to be a teａm ｐlaｙer、 There　is　ａ fine line beｔween having followｅｒｓ ｔｈat follow　you　ｏut　of respect　anｄ having　foｌlｏweｒs ｔｈａｔ folloｗ you ｂeｃausｅ ｔhey have no choice、 Anｙ ｋiｎｄ of dｉsaｇreemｅnt iｎ　the team wｉll aｆfect　ｔhｅ ｅｎd reｓult anｄ　tｈe effiｃｉency of perforｍｉnｇ ｔhｅ taｓk、
Secoｎｄlｙ， beｆore yoｕ gｏ on to　ｐｕt ａny　kind oｆ strａtegy　into ｐlacｅ, you neｅd tｏ uｎｄerstａnd and　ｅｎvisｉoｎ what ｙｏu wish tｏ　ａchieve、 Thｉs is imｐoｒtant becaｕse　the eｘpectaｔｉoｎs　of ｔhe eｎtiｒe groｕp　will rｉdｅ on yｏur　ｓhoｕｌderｓ、 Ｔｈus, one of　ｔhe　iｍｐortanｔ leadｅｒｓｈｉp sｔｒenｇthｓ　is　to havｅ a vｅrｙ clear　ｖision aboｕｔ how tｏ　ｇo aｂout ａ　task aｔ hand,　keepiｎg tｈe ｌong-ｔｅｒm ａnd ｓｈort-tｅrm goalｓ　aｎd ｃonseｑuenceｓ ｉｎ　mind、　You ｎeeｄ to be　praｃtｉcal ｙet　opｔimistic　about ｔhe　ｐosｓiｂiｌiｔies ｉnvolved in ａny task　ａnｄ mｕst ｔake ｉnto　cｏnsｉｄerａtｉon alｌ thｅ　risks invｏlved、　
Thirdly, being　ｔhe leader doｅs not meaｎ ｔhaｔ　you oｗn ｔhｅ peｏpｌe ｙｏu woｒk with、 Ｍａｎy pｅopｌｅ　tｅｎd　to　gｅt carried away aｎd do nｏｔ lｉsteｎ to　their ｔeam membeｒs、 Thiｓ caｎ go　ａgainsｔ them as　ｔhe　ｔeam memｂers ｔhen　ｔｅnd　to losｅ respeｃｔ foｒ theｉｒ　leadeｒ、 You nｅｅd ｔo ｇenuinely ｌisｔeｎ ｔo yoｕｒ team ｍembeｒｓ　bｅcause　they aｒｅ　the onｌy　ones　ｔhat will ｔｅlｌ yｏｕ if yoｕ ｇo　wronｇ ａt　aｎｙ poinｔ　ｏｆ　time、 Furtｈermorｅ, lｉｓteｎinｇ ｗiｌl ｍａke sure that yoｕ　connect　ｗith　ｙouｒ tｅaｍ　mｅmbｅrs oｎ ａ perｓｏnａｌ ｌevel,　ｗｈｉｃh ｗiｌｌ iｍpｒoｖe　thｅ ｐerformanｃｅ of youｒ　team ｇreａtly、

1１、
Whiｃｈ of ｔhe folｌowing is ＮOＴ ｍentioｎed ｉn the passage ａs　one of ｔhe　leａｄeｒshiｐ　ｓｔｒengｔhs?

A、 Ｌｅnｄｉｎｇ ａｎ ear　to teａm membeｒs、

B、 Ｐerforming　a　tａsk in　ａ pｅrfeｃt way、

C、 Accepting　mistakes ｗith goｏｄ gracｅ、

D、 Plａｎning for the　fuｔure witｈ ａ clｅar gｏal、

12、
Accorｄing　ｔo Ｐａｒaｇrａｐh ２, a ｇｏod leadｅr shoｕlｄ _______＿___、

A、 leaｄ　his fｏlｌoｗers with　abｓolute autｈoritｙ

B、 make his fｏｌlowers ｆｏlloｗ ｈｉm out of respeｃt

Ｃ、 be ａｂle to ｆiｎd oｕt　who is a tｒｕe　ｆollower　in the　team

Ｄ、　focus on creaｔinｇ new ideas insｔeａｄ ｏｆ execｕｔinｇ tｈｅm

13、
Wｈat doｅｓ ＂enviｓioｎ" moｓt pｒobably ｍean　iｎ Paraｇraph ３?

A、　To remain optimiｓtiｃ aｂout future resｕlts、

B、 Tｏ focus all ｈis　attｅｎｔion　on lonｇ－teｒm gｏaｌs、

C、 Ｔo meeｔ thｅ　ｅｘpectationｓ of the entiｒｅ　ｔeam ｍemｂerｓ、

D、 Ｔo　forecast　the pｏssiｂle aｃhｉevｅｍents　and cｏnseｑuｅｎces、

14、
Whicｈ　oｆ the ｆollowing　should　be avoideｄ as　ａ ｇｏｏd leａｄeｒ?

A、 Ｈｏlding　ａ reaｌistic　ａttitude、

B、 Ｃｏnsｉdering short－ｔerｍ　goals、

C、 Thiｎking ａbout　thｅ　bａd reｓulｔs oｆ a plａn、

D、　Ignｏrｉng diｓaｇｒeemeｎt fｒom hiｓ　ｔeam ｍeｍbers、

15、

Wｈat ｉs the authｏr's attitude　abｏut　bｅiｎg　a ｇood　lｅadｅr？

A、 You can be a　good ｌeadｅr iｆ ｙoｕ　haｖｅ tａｌents、

Ｂ、 Ｙou　cａn　ｂｅ a　good lｅａdeｒ　ｉf yｏu hａve a　ｇood tｅａm、

Ｃ、 Yｏｕ can bｅ a gooｄ leａdｅｒ if yｏu acｑuire　the essential ｓｋillｓ、

D、 You ｃan be　ａ　good leaｄｅr as　lonｇ as　yｏu arｅ　ｄetｅrmined tｏ　be one、
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