完形填空方法与技巧讲解.pptx

完型填空完型填空 Leading-inGuess the missing words in the song Im a New Soul.Brain stormingImaNewSoulIma_soulIcametothisstrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitabouthowtogiveand_.ButsinceIcameherefeltthejoyandthe_findingmyselfmakingeverypossible_la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.Ima_soulinthisverystrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitaboutwhatistrueand_.Butwhyallthishatetrytocommunicatefindingtrustandloveisnotalwayseasytomake.la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la._New_newtakefearmistakeyoungfake ClozetestMethods&Skills命题特点命题特点1 1完形填空主要是在语篇语境中考查完形填空主要是在语篇语境中考查 知识。知识。2 2完形填空的体裁多以完形填空的体裁多以 为主，偶为主，偶有议论文、夹叙夹议的文章或说明文。有议论文、夹叙夹议的文章或说明文。记叙文词汇3 3要要求求选选择择填填空空的的词词常常为为实实词词（如如名名词词、动动词词、形形容容词词 、副副词词等等）着着重重词词义义辨辨析析能能力力的的考考查查；代代词词、冠冠词词、介介词词、连连词词（包包括括从从句句的连接词）考得较少。的连接词）考得较少。4.4.首句不设空。首句不设空。5.5.逻辑链上挖空（原文中有线索词逻辑链上挖空（原文中有线索词提示）。提示）。6.6.选项设计：选项设计：同一词类、同一语法同一词类、同一语法形式。形式。跳过空格，通读全文，跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意把握大意再读全文，反复检查再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难，瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破各个击破 完形填空的解题步骤完形填空的解题步骤三种主要解题技巧：三种主要解题技巧：词汇运用词汇运用推理判断推理判断紧抓主旨紧抓主旨 利用所学词汇，根据文章大意辨析词义，选出最佳选项，如：The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes.A.bring up B.referring to C.looking for D.trying on【思思路路点点拨拨】B。此此题题考考查查短短语语动动词词的的区区别别，这这四四个个短短语语的的基基本本意意义义为为：bringup“养养育育，提提出出，吐吐出出”，referto“论论及及，谈谈到到，参参考考”，lookfor“寻寻找找”，tryon“试试穿穿”，根根据据题题义义：“经经理理在在商商务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿”。应选。应选B。一、词汇运用一、词汇运用二、推理判断二、推理判断我们可以从以下几方面进行推理判断：我们可以从以下几方面进行推理判断：1、运用、运用“前置信息前置信息”与与“后置信息后置信息”,即即语境语境2、运用复现词语、运用复现词语3、运用、运用同同义词义词或近或近义词义词4、运用反义词、运用反义词5、运用上下义词、运用上下义词6、运运用逻辑关系用逻辑关系7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识、运用生活常识及文化背景知识充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。例如：的词或句。例如：Stevenson,aScotsman,hadlived_formanyyears.In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday.A.aloneB.nextdoorC.athomeD.abroad1、运用、运用“前置信息前置信息”与与“后置信息后置信息”2、利用复现词语、利用复现词语有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather_1_.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof_2_.Ifeltevenmorehopelesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.1.A.encouragedB.dissatisfiedC.hopelessD.pleased2.A.placeB.jobC.adviceD.help 在英语中有时为了避免重复，常用意思相同或相近的词或解释性的语言来连接上下文。IrememberasachildIsaidsomething_aboutsomebody,andmyfathersaid,“Anytimeyousaysomethingunpleasantaboutsomebodyelse,itsareflectionofyou.”A.unkindB.unnecessaryC.unimportantD.unusual【思路点拨】【思路点拨】A。近义词复现，从后暗示。近义词复现，从后暗示unpleasant得知答案。得知答案。3、利用同义词或近义词、利用同义词或近义词 语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow(浅的浅的).Butinsomeplacesitisvery.A.highB.deepC.coldD.dangerous4、利用、利用反义词5、利用、利用上下义词 上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体。它们是包含与被包含的关系。如：food是bread,noodle,milk,rice的上义词，反之bread,noodle,milk,rice是food的下义词。1.He taught her how to rely on her other _,specifically her hearing（NMET 2010 湖北卷）A.feeling B.organs C.skills D.senses 2.Idropped all the coins into“It proved to be a waste of _,”I thought A.words B.effort C.space D.money如表示结构层次的如表示结构层次的firstly,secondly,finally等；等；如表示并列关系的如表示并列关系的and,or,besides,aswell(as)等；等；表示因果关系的表示因果关系的thus,therefore,so等，等，表示改变话题的表示改变话题的bytheway；表示递进关系的表示递进关系的besides,whatsmore,further等，等，表示转折关系的表示转折关系的however,but,while,ontheotherhand等等等。等。做题时如果能充分利用这些过渡词汇，就可做题时如果能充分利用这些过渡词汇，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。6、利用逻辑关系、利用逻辑关系【小试闯关】1.WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.IdecidedtobuyacarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEnglandbefore_home.A.leavingB.makingC.returningD.getting【思路点拨】此题考查行文逻辑中的因果关系、时间先后顺序。从第一句的arrived可知题2选A（leaving）。2.Shewassmallinfigurebutstrongin_.A.brainB.wishC.willD.health根据连词确定选项。根据连词确定选项。7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识、运用生活常识及文化背景知识了解生活常识，确定相关知识了解生活常识，确定相关知识1.Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir_.ThiswasthebeginningofanotherordinarydayinNewYorkCity.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2.(Immediately)the officers jumpedinto their cars and rushed tothe_hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest三、紧抓主旨三、紧抓主旨作者往往通过作者往往通过首句或首段首句或首段揭示文揭示文章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体裁。裁。在做完形填空时，我们要理清文在做完形填空时，我们要理清文章思路，章思路，把握作者的态度或思想把握作者的态度或思想情感情感，这对做好一篇完形有着非常，这对做好一篇完形有着非常重要的作用，否则可能导致几个空格重要的作用，否则可能导致几个空格的连续选填失误。的连续选填失误。Bedtimestoriesareoneofthedelightsofearlychildhood.AccordingtoDr.JulieSpreadburyfromQueenslandUniversity,Parentsshouldnot_1_readingtotheirchildrenaftertheyenterprimaryschool.1.A.speedupB.keepupC.giveupD.holdup 解题误区解题误区做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。巧外，还应避免几个误区。1、单纯求快单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。2、时间安排不当时间安排不当，做完形填空的时间应控制在，做完形填空的时间应控制在15分分钟左右。正确的做法是钟左右。正确的做法是由易到难。由易到难。Task:Usethemethodsyouhavelearnedtoanalyseyourhomework.Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The1hasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的智力的)growthby2situationthataredesignedforthe3children.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.1.A.principle B.theory C.arguments D.classification2.A.designing B.grouping C.learning D.living3.A.smart B.curious C.mature D.average4.A.regular B.special C.small D.creative5.A.children B.programs C.graduates D.designs Practice makes perfect!NMET 2011 Guangdong Cloze Testarguedchildrenclassesintellectual_children_theseHowevergifted同词（同源词）暗示同一话题暗示同一话题（场景）暗示反义暗示反义暗示因果暗示_However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.Iobservedanumberof6childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina7class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying8ontheirteachersdirections.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.5.A.children B.programs C.graduates D.designs6.A.intelligent B.competent C.ordinary D.independent7.A.separate B.regular C.new D.boring8.A.specially B.slightly C.wrongly D.heavily9.A.directly B.cleverly C.voluntarily D.quickly_反义暗示与 gifted 近义暗示giftedchildren_因果暗示反义暗示因果暗示Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning.However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students,and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 .Some top students do feel bored in class,but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school.Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious.The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.10.A.doubted B.bored C.worried D.tired11.A.concern B.conclusion C.reflection D.interest12.A.students B.adults C.scholars D.teachers13.A.talented B.worried C.learned D.interested14.A.believe B.think C.say D.feel 15.A.outstanding B.intelligent C.anxious D.ordinary_this_these_so_近义暗示同词（同源词）暗示上下义词暗示_近义暗示同词（同源词）暗示近义暗示_同词（同源词）暗示同词（同源词）暗示1.In a cloze,a clue word can be found either before or after a blank.2.In an article,there are lots of clue words.Summary