外研版小学词汇句型时态.doc

外研版小学词汇句型时态
词汇分类
颜色类：
 colour 颜色；red 红色；yellow 黄色；white 白色；pink 粉红色；purple 紫色；brown 棕色；blue 蓝色；black 黑色；green 绿色；orange 橘红色、橙色
 数字类：
 one 1；two 2；three 3；four 4；five 5；six 6；seven 7；eight 8；nine 9；ten 10；eleven 11；twelve 12；thirteen 13；fourteen 14；fifteen 15；sixteen 16；seventeen 17；eighteen 18；nineteen 19；twenty 20；twenty-one 21；thirty 30；forty 40；fifty 50；sixty 60；seventy 70；eighty 80；ninety 90
first (1st ) 第一；second (2nd ) 第二；third (3rd ) 第三
 课程类：
 Chinese 语文；English 英语；P. E. 体育；math 数学；music 音乐；art 美术；science 科学
 天气类：
 weather 天气；rainy 下雨的；sunny 晴朗的；snowy 下雪的；windy 刮风的；cloudy 多云的

warm 温暖的；cold寒冷的；cool 凉爽的；hot 炎热的
 动物类：
 rabbit 兔子；cat 猫；dog 狗；duck 鸭子；pig 猪；panda 熊猫；bird 鸟；hen母鸡；cow 奶牛；lamb 羊羔；goat 山羊；sheep 绵羊；horse 马；bear 熊；giraffe 长颈鹿；monkey 猴子；donkey 驴；kangaroo 袋鼠；lion 狮子；tiger 老虎；deer 鹿；squirrel 松鼠；snake 蛇；whale 鲸；fish 鱼；mouse 老鼠；elephant 大象
 水果类：
 apple 苹果；pear 梨；orange 橘子；banana 香蕉；grapes 葡萄；watermelon 西瓜；strawberry 草莓
 食物类：
 fish 鱼；beef 牛肉；chicken 鸡肉；rice 米饭；noodles 面条；tofu 豆腐；tomato 西红柿；potato 土豆；cucumber 黄瓜；carrot 萝卜；eggplant 茄子；bread 面包；egg 蛋；green beans 青豆；onion 洋葱；tea 茶；milk 牛奶；coffee 咖啡；Coke 可乐；juice 果汁
 味道类：
 tasty 可口的；yummy 好吃的；sour 酸的；sweet 甜的；salty 咸的；fresh 新鲜的；healthy 健康的
 服装类：
 pants 长裤；jeans 牛仔裤；socks 短袜；shoes 鞋子；T-shirt T恤衫；shorts 短裤；dress 连衣裙；boots 靴子；shirt 衬衫；skirt 裙子；jacket 夹克衫
 职业：
 doctor 医生；farmer 农民；driver 司机；nurse 护士；teacher 老师；accountant 会计；singer 歌唱家；writer 作家；salesperson 售货员；engineer 工程师；actor 男演员；actress 女演员；policeman 警察；artist 画家；TV reporter 电视台记者；student 学生；cleaner 清洁工
 时间：
 o'clock ……点钟；in the morning 在早上；in the afternoon 在下午；in the evening 在晚上；at noon 在中午；tomorrow 明天；yesterday 昨天；today 今天；this morning 今天早上；this evening 今天晚上；
this afternoon 今天下午；next weekend 下周末；next week 下周；this weekend 这个周末；on the weekend 在周末；usually 通常；often 经常；sometimes 有时候；tonight 今晚；never 从不
 地点：
 library 图书馆；school 学校；pet shop 宠物商店；park 公园；post office 邮局；cinema 电影院；bookstore 书店；hospital 医院；science museum 科学博物馆；bank 银行；supermarket 超市；shoe store 鞋店；garden 花园
 交通工具：
 train 火车；bike 自行车；plane 飞机；car 汽车；jeep 吉普车；ship 轮船；on foot 走路bus 公共汽车；subway 地铁
 方位词：
 in 在……里面；on 在……上面；under 在……下面；behind 在……后面；in front of 在……前面
over 在……上面（悬空）；near 在……附近；turn left 向左转；turn right 向右转；next to 与……相邻；west 西；east 东；north 北；south 南；on the left 在左边；on the right 在右边
 书籍：
 comic book 漫画书；newspaper 报纸；magazine 杂志；post card 明信片；dictionary 字典
 房间类：
 living room 客厅；study 书房；kitchen 厨房；bathroom 浴室；bedroom 卧室；classroom 教室
 用品类：
 ruler 尺子；pen 钢笔；pencil 铅笔；pencil-case 铅笔盒；book 书；bag 包；boat 小船；picture 图画；board 板；teacher's desk 讲台桌；light 灯；kite 风筝；computer 电脑；football 足球
 家具类：
 mirror 镜子；end table 床头柜；closet 衣柜；curtain 窗帘；bed 床；trash bin 垃圾桶；chair 椅子；desk 桌子；window 窗户；table 台桌；phone 电话；sofa 沙发；door 门；floor 地板；wall 墙
 称呼类：
 family 家庭；father 父亲；mother 母亲；brother 兄弟；sister 姐妹；grandparents （外）祖父母；uncle 叔叔；aunt阿姨；parents 父母；baby 婴儿；boy 男孩；girl 女孩；friend 朋友
 描述人物的形容词：
 strong 强壮的；thin 瘦的；tall 高的；short 短的，矮的；big 大的；small 小的；long 长的；young 年轻的；old 老的；active 积极的；heavy 重的；cool 酷的；smart 聪明；kind 和蔼可亲的；strict 严格的；quiet 安静的；funny 滑稽可笑的；fat 胖的
 星期类：
 Mon. 星期一；Tue. 星期二；Wed. 星期三；Thu. 星期四；Fri. 星期五；Saturday 星期六；Sunday 星期天；day 天
 月份类：
 Jan. 一月；Feb. 二月；Mar. 三月；Apr. 四月；May 五月；June 六月；July 七月；Aug. 八月；Sept. 九月；Oct. 十月；Nov. 十一月；Dec. 十二月；date 日期

季节类：
 season 季节；spring 春天；summer 夏天；fall 秋天；winter 冬天
小学英语句子结构
一、主系表结构
be ( am/ is /are/ was/were)
I am ten years old.  陈述句
否定句：I am not ten years old.
一般疑问句：Am I ten years old?
/ Are you ten years old?  Yes, I am.   No, I’m not.
特殊疑问句：How old are you?
He is a teacher.  He isn’t a teacher.
Is he a teacher?  Yes, he is.   No, he isn’t.
What’s his job?   /  What does he do?
They are pupils.   They are not pupils.
Are they pupils?  Yes, they are.  No, they aren’t.
What are they?
She was a pupil last year.
     She wasn’t a pupil last year.
Was she a pupil last year?  Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t.
 When was she a pupil?
 What was she last year?
They were teachers.   They weren’t teachers.
Were they teachers?   Yes, they were.   No, they weren’t.
What were they?
二、含有can 的句子
I can play basketball.
I can’t play basketball.
Can you play basketball?   Yes, I can.   No, I can’t.
What can you do?

We can
You can  
You can  
He can
She can
It can
They can
三、含有have got /    has got  的句型
I have got lots of books.   I haven’t got ….  Have you got lots …？   Yes, I have.  No, I haven’t. What have you got?
He has got a pen.
She has got lots of pencils.
We have got lots of rulers.  What have you got?

You have got lots of boxes.

They have got lots of English books.
You’ve got lots of computers.
It has got a desk.
It hasn’t got a desk.  Has it got a desk?  Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.
What has it got?

四、含有There  be ( is/ are/ was/ were)
1. There is a cat in the desk.
 There isn’t a cat in the desk.
 Is there a cat in the desk? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
 What is there in the desk?  Where is there a cat?
2. There are some computers in the room.
  There aren’t any computers in the room.
 Are there any computers in the room? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
What are there in the room? Where are the computers?

3. There was a pencil in my pencil box last year.
  There wasn’t a pencil in my pencil box last year.
Was there ……………………………………….?
 Yes, there was.  No, there wasn’t.
What was there in your pencil box last year?

4. There were lots of erasers in my pencil box last week.
 There weren’t lots of erasers in my pencil box last week.
 Were there lots of erasers in your pencil box last week?
Yes, there were.      No, there weren’t.
 What were there in your pencil box last week?
五、把下列句子改为复数。
1.     This is my book.   These are our books.
2.     That is her computer.   Those are their computers.
3、 His room is beautiful.   Their rooms are beautiful.
4． Its knife is on the desk.
Their knives are on the desks.
小学英语时态
一提到时态，就必然用到动词。首先要明确两个概念：动词有五种形式，即：原形（形式），第三人称单数（形式），过去式（形式），现在分词（形式），过去分词（形式）。小学阶段，句子有以下四种常见时态，即：一般现在时态；一般过去时态；一般将来时态；现在进行时态。
    式，意思就是各种不同的形式，是对应着动词来说的；时态，意思就是表达各种不同的时间的事情，是对应着句子来说的。式与时，先搞懂区别。

                一、  一般现在时态

一般现在时态，可能是两种意思。第一，表示经常性的动作，常与often, sometimes, usually, every day, every week, every month, every year等表示频率的副词连用。例如：He often goes swimming in summer.
I usually go to work by bike. Sam visits China every year.  第二，表示现在的状态。如：My mother is a worker. There is a computer in our classroom.
注意问题： be (am, is, are) 动词就是独立的谓语动词，一个句子中有了be(am, is, are) 就有了谓语动词了，句子中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。不少同学经常出这样的错误：The boy is often eats hamburgers. 应改是 The boy often eats hamburgers.

                二、一般过去时态

一般过去时态，也可能有两种意思。第一，表示过去发生的动作，经常与明确的表示过去的时间连用，如：last week, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night, last year, last weekend等。如：The family had a picnic in the park last weekend. 第二，表示过去的状态。如：There was a small pond in the school before.  Mary was a teacher two years ago.
注意问题：be(was, were) 是独立的谓语动词，它不能与行为动词的过去式同时使用。同学们经常出这样的错误：It was rained yesterday. 应改是It rained yesterday.  The ducks were ate our picnic. 应改是：The ducks ate our picnic.
过去式动词不存在第三人称单数的问题。也就是说，一般过去时态的句子中，无论主语是什么人称，单数还是复数，过去式动词都不能加s/es.

                         三、一般将来时态

一般将来时态，表示将要发生的事情。结构是：am/is/are going to + 动词原形；或者是will + 动词原形。will 通用于各种人称之后，不受人称和单/复数变化的影响。如：I/We/You/You/He/She/It/They will have a walk after supper.    I am/ We are/They are/ You are/ He/She/It is going to have a walk after supper.

                         四、现在进行时态

  现在进行时态表示现在正在发生的动作。结构是：am/is/are + 动词ing（现在分词）形式。如：I’m writing a story. You/They/We are cleaning the classroom. He/She/It is having some food.
可见：动词原形使用于一般现在时态的第一人称单、复数之后；第二人称但、复数之后； 
        第三人称复数之后；还使用于一般将来时态。
     动词过去式使用于一般过去时态各种人称之后。
     动词第三人称单数使用于一般现在时态的第三人称单数之后。
     现在分词使用于现在进行时态中。

 do/does/did 这三个助动词也是经常用错的单词。他们都是助动词，意思就是说他们是帮助行为动词的单词。do/does 用于一般现在时态，did用于一般过去时态。问句（一般疑问句/特殊疑问句/选择疑问句等）和否定句中使用它们。do/does/did 总是与动词的原形连用。句子的时态通过主动词体现出来。
如：Do you often go swimming? No, I don’t often go swimming.
    Does he like apples?  No, he doesn’t like apples.
    Did they go to the supermarket last Sunday? No, they didn’t.