高考英语summary写作【终极版】.pdf

高考英语 summary写作【终极版】写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1)删除细节。只保留主要观点。2)避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。3)删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到 30 个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。注：原文中可能包括 5 个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。4)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels,a few copies of Time and Newsweek andsome textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”5)把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。6)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。7)压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：“He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”8)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai,Lushan Mountain,and Mount Huang,were visited by only a fewpeople in the past.Today,better wages,holidays with pay,new hotels on these mountains,and bettertrain and bus services,have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them tenyears ago.”可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai,once visited by only a few people,are today1/6高考英语 summary写作【终极版】accessible to many,thanks to better wages,paid holidays,new hotels and better transportationservices.”9)文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly:You use much too much salt on your food,Paul its not goodfor you!”Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not!If you didnt have salt on yourfood it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it,orpotatoes or pasta cooked without salt!”Kate was patient.She didnt want to quarrel with Paul.Shewanted to persuade him.She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you.It cause high bloodpressure and latter on,heart-attacks.It also disguises the taste of food,the real tastes which are muchmore subtle than salt,and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt.She thought that eating too much salt would dohard to Pauls health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food.But Paul disagreed.He said thatfood without salt would be tasteless.II.II.练习篇练习篇-学以致用学以致用1,Then,you can think of away to make both sides happy.Here are some tips1)Make time to talk.You could talk about your school life and your plans for the future.2).Keep a diary.It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.3).Show your parents you are growing up.Wash your own clothes and help around the house.SummarySummary:There are some tips for children to follow so that they can get on well with their parents.2.Sometimes,kids dont think their parents are fair to them.When you want to dress in a modernway,your mum doesnt like you to wear a mini-skirt.When you are making phone calls to friends,they ask whether youre speaking to a boy or a girl.Summary:Summary:It is quite natural that we children look at the same problem differently from our parents.3.Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly,“You use too much salt on your food,Paul.Its not at all goodfor you!”Paul put downhis knife and frowned,“Why on earth not!If you didnt have salt on yourfood it would taste awfullike eating wood or sandjust imagine bread without salt in it!”Summary:Summary:Kate suggested that Paul should eat less salt.But Paul disagreed.He said that foodwithout salt would be tasteless.4.She brought home several Chinese and English novels,a few copies of Time and Newsweek,andsome textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.Summary:Summary:She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the vacation.Task2:find out how to summarize the whole passage段意合并法(说明文、应用文)2/6高考英语 summary写作【终极版】第一步,通读全文,领略大意;第二步,小结每一段的大意;第三步,根据每一段的大意以及作者的侧重点,综合归纳全文的大意.对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象比如，可以概括如下“This articlepoints out the common phenomenon”要素串联法（记叙文）记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容，即 where,when,what,who,how,给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。主题概括法（议论文）第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句),进行改写:或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等).千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句.第三、用连词连接各部分，使它连贯；第四、整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30 个词左右)。议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The writer of this article thinksthat 或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说 Some people think 还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说 The article gives the view that5.It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home.I tried to wake up my wife byringing the doorbell,but she was fast asleep,so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden,put itagainst the wall,and began climbing towards the bedroom window.I was almost there when asarcastic voice below said,“I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.”Ilooked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman.I immediately regrettedanswering in the way I did,but I said,“I enjoy cleaning windows at night.”“So do I,”answered the policeman in the same tone.“Excuse my interrupting you.I hate to interrupta man when hes busy working,but would you mind coming with me to the station?”“Well,Id prefer to stay here,”I said.“You see,Ive forgotten my key.”“Your what?”he called.“My key,”I shouted.Fortunately,the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had startedto climb towards me这是一篇记叙文，请从原文中划出时间、地点、人物、事情的经过和结果。3/6高考英语 summary写作【终极版】填充下面所给的 summary,注意如何借用词法，语法简化句子。Summary:Summary:On arriving home _ in the morning,the writer failed to wake up _ by ringingthe doorbell.He tried to _,but was found by _.Soon his shoutingwoke his wife.On arriving home at about two in the morning,the writer failed to wake up his wife by the doorbell.He tried to climb towards the bedroom window,but was found by a policeman.Soon his shoutingwoke his wife.(40 words)6.Advertising can be a service to customers.This is true when advertisements give reliableinformation about the goods advertised.Such information is needed if the customer is to make asensible choice when he buys something.It is useful in that it lets him know of the kinds of goods inthe shops.Printed advertisements do this job best.Customers can collect them and compare them.They can be taken along to the shops and their statements can be checked against and actual goods inthe shops.Some advertisements are not very useful to the customers.Instead of helping the customer to satisfyhis real needs,they set out to make him want things.They set out to make us believe that what theyadvertise will make us cleverer,prettier,more handsome,if only we use it.The voice on TV says,“Getaway people use XYZ petrol.”The screen shows a picture of petrol pump for a fast expensivecar owned by a boy with a pretty girlfriend.They drive off to the wonderful country or a lovelybeach.Some people may feel that clever,successful people use XYZ petrol.Some might choose thatpetrol every time they fill up their cars.Summary:Summary:Advertising can be useful when it provides customers with reliable information，whilesome advertisements are not the case as they are produced only to persuade customers to buy whatthey dont need.(31 words)7.Students should think now about what extracurricular(课外的)activities theyd like to participatein.Participating in extracurricular activities may help you deepen your physical,creative,social,political,and career interests by bringing you into communication with other like-minded people youdidnt previously know.You can join groups as a way to get support from other studentsA club or group can also be a greatway to meet people who are different from you.Lots of youth programs bring people together withthose who are different as a way to break down the barriers between people.Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways,too.It looks good on college andjob applications and shows admissions officers and employers youre well-rounded and responsible.Specific activities help with specific goals.The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives you something better to do thanstaring at the wall,wandering the hall,or sleeping all afternoon.People who are participating are lesslikely to pick up bad habits,like smoking or drinking.Summary:Summary:The author(The passage)discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities includingbeing a way to improve students health,widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideasand people.(30 words)4/6高考英语 summary写作【终极版】.积累模板 Some Summary Models for You要注意归纳和积累 summary 中常用的句式或模板。A.如议论文议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.The essay/passage/author argues in support of,stating that The essay/passage/author argues that we must not only value those who come firstor are the best in any field but the others whose effort push them to success.The essay/passage/author discusses the impact of email.The essay/passage/author comparesfriendship with the comfort of home.The essay/passage/author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.B.而记叙文记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板中选择：The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.The author tells us a story about a _.The passage is a story about _.According to the passage,the hero in the story _.C.通用通用型模板：According to the passage,we knowThis article is mainly aboutThe writer states thatAs can be learn this passage,-The passage says thatIn this passage,the writer mainly tells us his experience of另外，更具体一点：(1)记叙文记叙文概要模板a.点明写作目的类：The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of,who/which（故事情节）.b.作者经历类：In the passage,the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth,whichc.他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.(2)议论文议论文概要模板The article gives the view thatshould/shouldnt（主题）.（补充论据）.The passage highlights(强调)the importance of sth.The author argues that(3)说明文说明文概要模板a.现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon-（主题),which.（补充解释）.b.利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.Awhile BThe passage discusses the impact(影响)of sth.On the positive side,but it may also.5/6高考英语 summary写作【终极版】c.研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露)thatThe purpose of the report is to show that6/6