2021年小升初英语知识点汇总.doc

（一）小升初英语语法一、名词复数规则1.普通状况下，直接加-s，如：book-books，bag-bags，cat-cats，bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses，box-boxes，brush-brushes，watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：family-families，strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen，policewoman-policewomen，mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish，people-people，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese二、普通当前时1.普通当前时表达经常或习惯性动作，也可表达当前状态或主语具备性格和能力。2.普通当前时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数必定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数必定句，动词用原形。3.在普通当前时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，普通疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在普通当前时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数否定句在动词前加does+not (doesnt)，普通疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (dont)，普通疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。动词+s变化规则1.普通状况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks，milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses，wash-washes，watch-watches，go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：study-studies三、当前进行时1.当前进行时表达当前正在进行或发生动作，也可表达当前一段时间内活动或现阶段正在进行动作。2.当前进行时必定句基本构造为be+动词ing.3.当前进行时否定句在be后加not。4.当前进行时普通疑问句把be动词调到句首。动词加ing变化规则1.普通状况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不发音e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making，taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一种元音字母和一种辅音字母，双写末尾辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running，stop-stopping四、be going to1.be going to 表达将要发生事或打算、筹划、决定要做事情。2.必定句：be going to +动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +动词原形，如：Jim is not going to play football. 普通疑问句：把be动词调到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football?特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如：What is Jim going to do?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如：Who is going to play football?五、普通过去时1.普通过去时表达过去某个时间发生动作或存在状态，常和表达过去时间状语连用。普通过去时也表达过去经常或重复发生动作。2.Be动词在普通过去时中变化：am 和is在普通过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在普通过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were句子，其否定、疑问变化和is，am，are同样，即否定句在was或were后加not，普通疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词普通过去时句子否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 普通疑问句：在句首加did，句子中动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式?如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1.普通在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled，cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3.末尾只有一种元音字母和一种辅音字母重读闭音节，应双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5.不规则动词过去式： am,is-was，are-were，do-did，see-saw，say-said，give-gave，get-got，go-went，come-came，have-had，eat-ate，take-took，run-ran，sing-sang，put-put，make-made，read-read，write-wrote，draw-drew，drink-drank，fly-flew，ride-rode，speak-spoke，sweep-swept，swim-swam，sit-sat（二）小升初英语词类：动词、名词和形容词不太容易区别，如不能一眼看出，可用如下办法：先用“一(量词)”(如：一种、一张等)和这个词连起来说，如说得通，普通以为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通普通就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(当前咱们学过，后来也许不同)(此外某些很明显，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以懂得)1、动词这里所说动词是指各种动词总称，其中涉及行为动词(就是咱们平时总说那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。(1)行为动词就是咱们平时上学时说动词，表达某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词咱们已学过它们四种形式：原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，详细判断办法如下：有，就加ing读句子读该单词结识该单词理解意思看有无be动词(若是be going to 就用原形)没有，再看情态动词有，就用原形有，就加ed没有，再看有无表达过去时间状语是第三人称单数就加s或es没有，再看主语不是第三人称单数就用原形(2)be动词a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用am，你用are，is用在她她它，所有复数全用are。b、必定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、普通疑问句 Am I a Chinese?Yes，you are. No，you arent. Are they American?Yes，they are. No，they arent. Is the cat fat?Yes，it is. No，it isnt.咱们当前学过be动词大体分两类：is、am、are为一类，普通用于普通当前时、当前进行时和普通将来时中，was和were为另一类，普通用于普通过去时。判断环节：第一、三人称单数，就用was有，再看人称第二人称单数和所有复数，就用were看有无表达过去时间状语第一人称单数，就用am没有，再看人称第三人称单数，就有is第二人称单数和所有复数，就用are(3)情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊动词，平时咱们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同步出当前同一种句子中。咱们当前学过情态动词有：can、must、should、would、may。接触最多是can。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其她任何条件影响)2、名词表达某一事物，有详细和抽象之分。判断核心词往往是be动词，be动词如果是am、is或was，名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were，名词就加s或es。这里强调两点：不可数名词都默以为单数，因此总是用is或者was;最佳不要依照some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。如何加后缀：a.普通状况下，直接加-s，如：book-books，bag-bags，cat-cats，bed-bedsb.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses，box-boxes，brush-brushes，watch-watchesc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：family-families，strawberry-strawberriesd.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es，如：knife-knivese.不规则名词复数： man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen，policewoman-policewomen，mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish，people-people，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese判断环节：如是am、is或was原形读句子读该单词结识该单词理解意思看be动词如是are或were加s或es3、形容词(涉及副词)形容词表达某一事物或特性，副词表达某一动作特性。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较状况下就用原形，比较时就+er。两个重要特性：asas中间一定用原形，有than时候一定+er。4、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性(短)名词性(长)第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours第三人称 he him they them his his their theirsshe her her hersit it its its人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。普通动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词(短)和名词性物主代词(长)普通看背面有无名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短);如无，就用名词性物主代词(长)。5、数量词咱们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表达数量多少，而基数词用于表达顺序，常在日期中浮现。6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an有详细意思，一(个)，the没有详细意思，有时翻译为这、那。拟定用a、an还是the时可依照汉语意思。a和an区别：an用于元音音素(普通就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于辅音音素前。（三）小升初英语句式：一、否定句：表达某一否定意思。句中一定有not。有三种也许：be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did) + not如何将一种必定陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。3、如上述两者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个环节：(1)必定陈述句中本来是没有助动词，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。(2)拟定助动词用do、does还是did，依照句中动词，动词是原形助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数助动词就用does，动词用过去式助动词就有did。(3)在助动词后加not。(4)原句中动词如果发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some要考虑与否要用any。二、普通疑问句。表达疑问，普通回答只有两种也许Yes，或No，句中没有疑问词。如何将一种必定陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述两者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个环节：(1)必定陈述句中本来是没有助动词，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。(2)拟定助动词用do、does还是did，依照句中动词，动词是原形助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数助动词就用does，动词用过去式助动词就有did。(3)把助动词后提到句首。(4)原句中动词如果发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some要考虑与否要用any。三、特殊疑问句。表达疑问，有疑问词(在开头)，回答有诸各种也许。惯用疑问词：What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How如何对划线某些提问：1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线某些重读)。如：His birthday is on the 5th of May .她生日在五月五日。2、用汉语进行提问。如上句，应当问：她生日在什么时候?3、依照汉语将所要提问句子补充完整。如上句When is his birthday ?四、祈使句表达祈求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。必定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please)，否定祈使句一定是dont加动词原形开头(有时有please)。把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加dont即可。五、时态1、普通当前时(1)句中be动词和动词普通状况下只能有一种并且也必要有一种。如：The children are very happy on Christmas Day .She often does some housework at the weekend .(2)普通当前时中be动词：普通用原形：am is aream用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其她人名或称谓，如：Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(涉及第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其她复数，如the children 、his parents等)。(3)普通过去时中动词：有两种状况：第一种状况：主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其她，如Helen 、her cousin 等)，动词后普通加s或es。第二种状况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。(4)普通当前时判断根据(如何判断一种句子是普通当前时)：be动词是am、is、are动词用原形或加s、es没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是详细时间(5)有用根据：Be动词是is、am 名词用原形(这里涉及可数名词单数和不可数名词)Be动词是are 名词加s或es动词加s或es 主语是第三人称单数动词用原形 主语不是第三人称单数(6)情态动词：咱们当前学过情态动词有：can、must、should、would。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其她任何条件影响)六、普通过去时(1)句中be动词和动词普通状况下只能有一种并且也必要有一种。如：The girls were on the grass just now .They visited my parents last weekend .(2)普通过去时中be动词：普通用过去式：was werewas用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其她人名或称谓，如：Ben 、his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(涉及第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其她复数，如the children 、his parents等)。(3)普通过去时中动词：普通只有一种状况：+ed这里强调一点，和普通当前时不同是这里不论主语是第几人称，也不论是单数和复数都加ed。(4)普通过去时判断根据(如何判断一种句子是普通过去时)：be动词是was、were动词加ed有表达过去时间状语当前学过惯用表达过去时间状语有：just now a moment yesterday last week last night last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks agofive years ago(5)有用根据：Be动词是was或were 该句是普通过去时动词加ed 有表达过去时间状语3、普通将来时(1)构成形式：Be going to +动词原形。这里强调一点，be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成普通将来时。(2)普通将来时表达动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。(3)有用根据：一种句子中既有be动词，又有going、to和动词，且动词用是原形 该句是当前进行时(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。4、当前进行时(1)构成形式：Be动词+动词ing形式这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成当前进行时。(2)当前进行时表达动作正在进行或事情正在发生。(3)有用根据：一种句子中既有be动词，又有动词，且动词加了ing 该句是当前进行时(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。七、Have、Has和There be构造1、There be构造涉及there is there are there was there were2、意思都是“有”。3、和have、has、had区别：(1)There be 句型表达：在某地有某物(或人)(2)在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ；主语是复数，be 动词用are ；如有几件物品，be 动词依照近来be 动词那个名词决定。(3)there be 句型否定句在be 动词后加not ，普通疑问句把be 动词调到句首。(4)there be句型与have(has) 区别：there be 表达在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表达某人拥有某物。(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中运用：some 用于必定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。(6)and 和or 在there be句型中运用：and 用于必定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。(7)针对数量提问特殊疑问句基本构造是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?(8)针对主语提问特殊疑问句基本构造是： Whats + 介词短语?(9)There be构造普通用在句子开头，而have等词只能用于某一种主语背面。小升初英语测试题（2）一.按规定写出各词形式：(10)1.miss ( 三单 )_2. shine(当前分词)_3.swim(当前分词) _4.SAT( 全写 )_5.write(当前分词) _ _6. have (过去式)_7.photo( 复数 )_e( 当前分词)_9.wear ( 过去式 )_10.day ( 反义词 )_二.词组互译：(10)1有趣一天 2.sing in the tree3.踢足球 4.have a picnic5.上山 6.look out of the window7.半夜 8.look for9.在图书馆 10.spoil my fun三. 依照句意及首字母提示完毕句子：(6)1. Whats the weather like today?Its w_.Lets w_TV at home .2. In this photo the sun is s_.The birds are s_in the trees .3. Look！The ducks are e_ our picnic.Our picnic is wet . But the ducks l_ it .4. Daming often g_to school by bike . But he w_to school on foot yesterday .5. Its going to s_ tomorrow . Well make a snowman .6. We are l_ at some ducks.四.改错：(5)( )1.They are play with dogs ._( )2. Xiaoyong like reading books ._( )3. They drinking water now ._( )4. We are haveing dinner.( )5. Do you have some pictures?_五. 选取(10)( )1.I _ to school by bus this morning .A.walked B.went C.come D.came( )2.Where is the bird ?Its _ the tree.A.inside B.in C.on D.outside( )3.My father is tall ，but your father is _ him .A.all B.taller C.taller than D.tall than( )4.Mary _ a Chinese book.A.is B.has C.have D.does( )5.Ben：I want to buy a new football.Mum：_ go to the City Centre .Ben：How _ get there ?A.We，are we going to B.Lets ，do we want toC.you ，do we want to D.Lets ，are we going to( )6. Sams grandma and grandpa are old . Look ！They _ slowly .A.walk B.walked C.walking D.are walking( )7.This is Mr Wangs room . _ room is clean .A.His B.He C.Himself D.Her( )8. Sam and Daming _ a funny day last Saturday .A.have B.has C.had D.were( )9. Here _ the photos .A.is B.are C.have D.has( )10.Look ！The ducks are _.A.swiming B.eattingC.hungrily D.hungry六.阅读理解(9)The sun ，the earth ，and the moonThe sun is a fixed star . It is very ，very hot and it gives out heat and light .Nine planets(行星) move around it . The earth is one of them . As far as we know ，the earth is the only planet with life on it . The earth has air and water ，and it gets heat and light from the sun .Life needs airs ,water ,heat and light .The earth moves arounds itself ，too. It turns from west to east .The earth has a satellite(恒星) ，the moon . The moon moves around the earth . There is no air or water on the moon ，so there is life there .判断正误，对的写T，错误写F( 5 )( )1.The sun gives out heat and light . The earth gives out heat and light ,too.( )2. The earth and the moon move around the sun .( )3. The earth turns from east to west .( )4. There is air and water on the moon.( )5.The sun sometimes hot and sometimes cold.依照短文内容选取对的答案( 4)( )1.The earth is a _.A：satellite B：a fixed star C:planet( )2._ is the only planet with life on it .A：The moon，B：The earth C：The sun( )3.The earth gets heat and light from _.A. the moon B.the sun C.the other planet( )4.The earth has a satellite .Its _.A.the moon ，the sun ，B.the sun ，C.a fixed star.七.用所给单词对的形式填空：(5)1. Look，we _(have ) an English class .2. There _( be)a baseball game in our school next Saturday .3. A long time ago ,there _(be)an old man who was very patient .4. Lingling _ (study )English every morning .5. Sam _(not clean )his room.八. 书面表达：给你朋友写一封信，简介一下你星期天去公园野餐状况，不少于50个单词。(5)小升初英语测试题（1）一.依照规定写出下列单词(5)1.cola(复数) 2.dollar(复数)3.want(三单) e(当前分词)5.Simon(所有格) 6.much(比较级)7.waiter(相应词) 8.eat(过去式)9.have(过去式) 10.hungry(反义词)二、英汉互译下列短语(10分)1.两个汉堡 2.三个可乐3.多少钱 4. 进来5.坐下 6.咱们所有食品7 Enjoy your meal。 8 a cala for me9 all our food 10 have our favourite dish三、选取(10分)( ) 1 Is it really a dog?A Yes， it isnt. B No，it is. C No，it isnt.( ) 2 What do you want to eat?A Cola B Vegetables C Book( ) 3 How much is the hot dog?A Two B Three dollars C Four hot dogs( ) 4 What do you drink，juice or tea?A Yes，I do. B No，I dont. C Juice，please.( ) 5 _ bananas do you want?A How much B How C How many( ) 6 What does Simon want to drink?A He wants to drink meat. B He wants to drink tea.C He want to drink milk.( ) 7 What do you want to drink?A Hamburger B Cola C Hot dog( ) 8 How many sheep are there on the hill?A Ten dollars B Twenty C Ten yuan( ) 9_ Can I help you ?_ I want a hamburger ._ A hamburger _ me，too.A to B for C of( ) 10 _How much is it ?_ Its _.A Ten dollars twenty-five cents.B Ten dollar and twenty-five cents.C Ten dollars and twenty-five cents.四、连词成句：1.want，to ，what，do，eat，you.?2.thirteen dollars，it，and，is，twenty-five cents._.3.much，a ，is，how，hamburger.?4.really，a，it，hot，is，dog,?5.some，I，want，noodles，too._.五、用所给单词恰当形式填空。1.Does he _(want) an apple?2.My father _(want) a cola and I _(want) some milk.3.Do you want _(eat) noodles ?No.4. Can you help _(we)?5.Lets go and help _ (he).6. A cola for _(I),please.7. Can _(they) help her?I dont know.六、阅读理解： The WhitesThe Whites always get up early every day. In the morning father always goes to work. Sandy and Sue always go to school. Mother usually stays at home. At noon ，Sandy and Sue always have lunch at school. In the afternoon ，Sandy and Sue come from school. They usually arrive home early. In the evening，Sandy and Sue always do their homework. At night，they go to bed early.，but its difficult for them to fall asleep.I 仔细阅读，判断下列句子与否对的。对的写T，错误写F。(5分)( ) 1 The Whites mean all the members of Mr Whites family.( ) 2 Sandy is Mr Whites daughter and Sue is his son.( ) 3 Mr White，Sandy and Sue leave home in the morning except Mrs White.( ) 4 Sandy and Sue can get home early in the afternoon.( ) 5 Sandy and Sue like sleepingII 回答下列问题：(10分).1 How m