状语从句的用法归纳.doc

状语从句的用法归纳一、概说状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语(论坛)学习中的一个语法重点，也是历年高考(微博)重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。二、时间状语从句1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。2. 表示“当时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是：while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用 when；当表示“一边一边”或“随着”时，只能用 as。另外，用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A：“Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”A. As B. While C. Because D. If3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到才”。如：He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。4. 表示“一就”除用 as soon as 外，还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no soonerthan, hardlywhen 等。如：I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。如：Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。He didnt tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。三、条件状语从句1. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as so long as等。如：Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。As long as you do your best, well be happy. 只要你尽力，我们就满意了。2. in case 也可引导条件状语从句，其意为“如果”、“万一”。如：In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。四、让步状语从句1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whetheror(不论还是)等连词。如：The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨，他还是出去了。2. as 也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略 a / an。如：Teacher as he is, he cant know everything. 虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。3. 连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如：While we dont agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。如：Dont lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么，都不要灰心。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。注：表示“虽然”的 though, although 不可与 but 连用，但可与 yet, still 连用。五、原因状语从句1. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等：They cant have gone out because the lights on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去，我也去。Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。2. 除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句，其意“既然”。如：I cant tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点：(1) as 与 since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位于主句前，且均不可用于强调结构被强调。(2) 当表示直接的因果关系，回答 why 时，或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用 because。(3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。(4) 不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的 so 连用。六、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在的地方), wherever(无论什么地方), everywhere(每个地方), anywhere(任何地方)。如：Im not living where I was. 我不在原处住了。You cant camp where wherever, anywhere you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。2. 有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多，误认为考试不会涉及，但恰恰相反，地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题：(1) When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where(2) After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. which D. when(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.A. when B. where C. then D. there(4) She found her calculator _ she lost it.A. where B. when C. in which D. that以上四题均选where，其意为“在的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。七、目的状语从句1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习，是为了能通过考试。2. 引导目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that，即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句。如：Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查，以便任何错误都可检查出。Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。八、结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, sothat, suchthat等。如：He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。注：sothat和suchthat中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。