四级段落翻译及答案.doc

段落翻译
1． 端午节又称龙舟节和重五（double fifth），是一个源于中国的传统节日。每年的农历五月初五为端午节。这就是重五这一别称的由来。端午节里流传最广的三个活动是吃粽子，喝雄黄酒（regular wine）以及赛龙舟。其他常见的活动还包括挂钟馗（Zhong Kui），写咒符（spells）和佩戴香囊药包（perfumed medicine bags）.古代的人们认为，所有这些活动，连同喝雄黄酒都能有效的驱邪，促进生活安康。
Duanwu Festival , also called Dragon Boat Festival and the Double Fifth , is a traditional festival originating in China . The festival occurs on the 5th day of the fifth lunar calendar. This is the origin of its alternative name, Double Fifth. Three of the most widespread activities for Duanwu Festival are eating zongzi, drinking regular wine, and racing dragon boats. Other common activities include hanging up icons of Zhongkui , writing spells and wearing perfumed medicine bags. All of this activities, together with the drinking of regular wine , were regarded by ancients as effecitive in preventing disease and evil , and promoting health and well-being.

Mid-autum Day , Lantern Festival , Tomb Sweeping Day
2． 故宫（The forbidden city）雄伟，壮丽，是中国古建筑艺术的巅峰之作，其规模和独具特色的风格享誉世界。故宫内保存着大量珍贵，稀有的古物，它们对研究明清两代历史和历代艺术具有十分重要的意义。1925年故宫改名为故宫博物馆，并成为世界上最大的博物馆之一。新中国成立后，人民政府投入了大量资金对故宫进行保护和维修。它现在是北京最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。
The Forbidden City , grand and magnificent , represents the highest peak of ancient Chinese architecture and enjoys world wide fame for its scacle and unique style. A large number of rare and precious antiques , which are of great significance to the study of Ming and Qing history and the arts of past dynasities , are preserved there. In 1925, the Forbidden City is renamed Palace Museum and became the largest museums in the world. Since the fouding of the People’s Republic of China , the national government has spent large sums on the protection and maitenance of the Forbidden City. At present , it is one of the most popular tourism sites in Beijing. tourist 游客

3． 蹴鞠（Cuju）是中国古代的一项球类运动。它是竞技运动，要把球踢进球网内。该运动是为了训练士兵而发明的。在汉代（the Han Dynasty）,从军队到皇室，乃至贵族阶层，蹴鞠都很盛行。由于社会经济的发展，蹴鞠在宋代（the Song Dynasty）甚至风靡社会各阶层。当时，职业蹴鞠球员分为两类：一类是由皇室训练并为皇室表演，而另一类则由就蹴鞠谋生的平民百姓组成。
Cuju is an ancient Chinese ball game. It is a competitive game that involves kicking a ball into a net. The game was invented for military training purpose. During the Han Dynasty, Cuju is popular from the army to the royal courts and upper classes . Due to social and economic development , the sport even extended its popularity to every class in society during the Song Dynasty . At that time, proffesional Cuju player were quite popular. These players fell into two groups , one was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other consisted of civillians and made a living as Cuju players.
4． 中国高速铁路（high-speed rail）网由中国铁路公司运营。该铁路网包括所有商业高速铁路运行服务，这些列车的时速平均达200公里或更高。目前中国拥有全球最长的高铁线网，运营中的线路约9300公里。2012年12月25日，中国启动世界上最长的线路，该线路从北京到广州，共2298公里。高铁服务于2007年引进中国。在政府的大力资助下，高铁线网正在迅速扩展。
The high-speed rail network in China is operated by China Railway Corporation . The network consists of all commercial train services, and the trains have an average speed of 200km/h or higher. China has the world’s largest high-speed rail network with about 9300 km of routes in service at present. The world’s longest line opened in China on 25 December 2012. It runs 2298 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou. High-speed rail service in China was introduced in 2007. With generous funding from government, the network is rapidly expanding.
5． 中国戏曲是中国戏剧和音乐剧的结合，其起源可追溯到3世纪。中国戏曲有很多地方剧分支，京剧是其中最有名的一个。京剧出现于18世纪末，并于19世纪中期得到充分发展与认可。京剧在清朝宫廷（the Qing Dynasty court）特别受欢迎，并已被视为中国的文化珍品之一。中国戏曲会用到面具。面具的每种颜色代表不同的含义，用来表现人物角色，说明他们的情感状态和大致性格。
Chinese opera is a combination of Chinse drama and musical play, which roots bak as far as the third century. There are numerous regional branches of Chinese opera. Beijing Opera is one of the most notable. The beijing opera originated in the late 18th century and become fully developed and recognized by mid-19th century. It was very popular in Qing Dynasty Court and has been regarded as one of the culture treasure of China. Masks are used in Chinese opera . Each color of the mask has a different meaning, portraying a character’s role and illustrating their emtional state and general character.
6． 饺子（Jiaozi）是人们在中国新年及北方常吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与最早的纸币的名字相似，所以吃饺子会被认为带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一些干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包含猪肉，牛肉，鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋，大蒜或辣椒酱（hot sauce）为基础的蘸酱（dipping sauce）。
Jiaozi are one of the major foods eaten during the Chinese New Year and year round in northern provinces. The pronuciation of Jiaozi sounds like the name for the ealiest paper money, so eating Jiaozi is believed to bring good fortume. Many families eat Jiaozi on Chinse New Year’s Eve. Some cooks will hide a clean coin for the lucky to find. The common meat filling of Jiaozi include pork, beef , chicken and fish, which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Jiaozi are eaten with a soy sauce that inclued vinegar , garlic or hot sauce.
7． 与全国大多数其他城市相比，广州人的平均收入很高，小康之家越来越多。因此，广州人上馆子很常见。广州的餐馆整天宾客满座，因为广州人似乎特爱想用美食。他们喜欢上馆子喝早茶（morning tea）。在那里，小推车（carts）上装着各种“点心”（dim sum）从一个桌子推到另一个桌子，供应顾客。周末一大早，从7点开始很多人就起床，在各种餐馆里边喝茶边吃早餐，边和朋友聊天
Compared with people in most other Chinese cities, people in Guangzhou have quite high average income, and the number of well-to-do families has been rising steadily. For this reason , it is very common for Guangzhou residents to dine out . Restaurants in the city are crowded with dinners all day round, as people in Guangzhou seem to be particularly keen on having good food. The locals like to have “morning tea ”, in restaurants, where a large variety of dim sum is served on carts going from table to table. At weekends, as early as 7 o’ clock, a lot of people in Guangzhou are up and are already chatting with friends over tea and breakfast in various restaurants.
8． 中国武术（Chinese Kungfu）已有数千年历史，包含有众多搏击方式，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。其诞生是出于自我防卫，狩猎技巧以及军事训练的需要。历史上，中国武术的影响可在书本及亚洲独有的表演艺术中见到。近来，其影响还扩大到目标受众宽广的多的电影及电视业。由此，中国武术的传播，已超越其民族根源，对全世界都有着吸引力。
Chinese Kongfu , with a history of a few thousand years and a number of fighting styles, is an important part of Chinse traditional culture. Its birth was attributed to the need of self-defense, hunting techniques and military training in ancient times . Historically , the influence of Chinse Kungfu could be found in books and in the performing arts specific in Asia. Recently , those influce have extended to the movies and televisions that target a much wider audience . As a result , Chinses Kungfu has spread beyond it ethnic roots and has a global appeal .

9． 1978年底召开的中共第十一届三中全会（The Third Session of the CPC 11th Central Committee）代表新中国历史上一个意义深远的转折点。自1979年起，中国开始实施由邓小平发起的改革开放政策。对重新调整经济结构及改革经济，政治制度做了较大努力。中国正在逐步建立一条引导走向社会主义现代化的有中国特色的道路。自1979年起，中国已发生巨大变化。国家形势比以往好，人民正享受到比以往任何时候都更多的物质利益。

10． 舞龙（dragon dance）是中华文化中一种传统的舞蹈表演形式。传统上来讲，其表演动作象征着龙的历史地位，展示了力量与尊贵。舞龙起源于汉代（the Han Dynasty）。人们认为它最初是作为耕作收成文化的一部分；同时也是一种防病治病的方法起源。舞龙在宋代已十分盛行，成为了一项民间活动，且最常见与各类节日庆典中。舞龙是世界各地唐人街举办春节庆典的一个重头戏。
Dragon dance is a form of traditional dance performance in Chinese culture. The movements in the performance traditional symbolize historical roles of dragon, demostrating power and dignity. The dragon dance originated in the Han Dynasty. It is believed to have begun as part of the Farming and harvest culture, also with origins as a method of healing and preventing sickness. It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty when it had become a folk activity and was most often seen in various festival celebrations. The dragon is a highlight of Chinese New Year celebrates held worldwide in Chinatowns around the world.

样题：
剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆时期，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征着健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。