常见词根词缀.pptx

o构词法派生法派生法o1，前缀 （1）否定前缀o （2）表示其他意义的前缀o o a.名词后缀o2.后缀 b.动词后缀o c.形容词后缀o d.副词后缀表示否定意义的前缀常用的有表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-,il-,dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等，在单词的等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：反的新词。例如：appearappear出现出现disappeardisappear消失消失correctcorrect正确的正确的incorrectincorrect不正确的不正确的leadlead带领带领misleadmislead领错领错stopstop停下停下non-stopnon-stop不停不停前缀：前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性前缀：前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性表示其他意义的前缀常用的有表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词多构成表语形容词):alone aseepanti-(反对；抵抗反对；抵抗):antigas防毒气的防毒气的 antibody 抗体抗体auto-(自动自动,自己自己):automatic 自动的自动的 autobiography 自自传传co-(共同共同)：co-worker 同事同事 cooperate合作合作en-(使使)：enlarge 使扩大使扩大 enrich 使丰富使丰富inter-(互相互相)：Internet 互联网互联网 re-(再；又再；又)：recycle 再利用再利用 reuse 再用再用sub-(下面的；次；小下面的；次；小)：subway 地铁地铁multi-(多个，许多多个，许多)：multicultural 多元文化的多元文化的 multichannel 多频道的多频道的常见词根词缀整理副词动词形容词名词后缀1.常见的名词后缀 1）表示）表示“人和物人和物”-an/-ian/-ant/-entAmerican historian Italian Canadian politician assistant accountant participant student president resident-ee/-er/-or/-ess/-istemployee trainee writer speaker waiter actor conductor sailor waitress hostess actress socialist novelist scientist dentist1.常见的名词后缀 2）表示表示“性质、状态、动作、行为性质、状态、动作、行为”-ability/-ibilitysuitability probability possibility responsibility-ance/-enceacceptance importance distance ignorance dependence existence difference conference-ion/-ation/-itionquestion construction election conduction composition competition modernization civilization alteration-age -al -dom-ery -hood -ism -ment -ness -ship-ure 1.常见的名词后缀 2）表示表示“性质、状态、动作、行为性质、状态、动作、行为”marriage shortage carriage arrival refusal revival survival freedom wisdom kingdomslavery bravery discovery mastery robberychildhood adulthood neighborhoodpessimism optimism socialism Marxism movement government encouragementkindness carelessness friendship leadership relationshipexposure failure measure leisure pleasure 2.常见的动词后缀 表示表示“使（成为）使（成为）”“使使化化”-ate circulate decorate regulate alternate-en strengthen weaken broaden widen lighten-ify classify simplify specify qualify certify-ize/-ise/-yze/-yse realize organize criticize recognize-ish astonish cherish establish finish punish注：注：-ish既是动词又是形容词后缀！既是动词又是形容词后缀！en-/em-有时也放在开始表示使动用法！有时也放在开始表示使动用法！-al national cultural natural-an American republican-ian Italian Canadian Christian-ant pleasant resistant distant constant-ent different confident excellent-ary necessary imaginary customary-ory compulsory contradictory-ate considerate fortunate-ese ChineseTaiwanese Cantonese-ic heroic poetic economic-some troublesome handsome quarrelsome3.常见的形容词后缀 1）表示表示“具有具有的性质的性质”3.常见的形容词后缀 2）表示表示“充满或缺乏充满或缺乏”（前（前5个）个），“类似类似”（后（后3个）个）-free duty-free carefree worry-free-ful hopeful useful wonderful helpful-less hopeless useless needless-(i)ous dangerous various anxious serious-y rainy cloudy dirty hairy trendy fishy-ish childish stylish greenish-like childlike businesslike-ly brotherly friendly deadly注：注：-ish既是动词又是形容词后缀！既是动词又是形容词后缀！3.常见的形容词后缀 3）表示表示“主动被动和方向主动被动和方向”-able comfortable lovable capable believable portable disable-ible responsible sensible visible -ive active positive negative passive decisive extensive expensive-ward downward backward forward westward eastward upward 注：注：-ward既是形容词又是副词后缀！既是形容词又是副词后缀！4.常见的副词后缀-ly strongly successfully quickly angrily slowly-ward(s)downwards eastwards-wise clockwise likewise otherwise注：注：-ward既是形容词又是副词后缀！既是形容词又是副词后缀！