Unit-2-The-company-man练习答案综合教程三.doc

Unit 2 The Company Man
Key to the Exercises

Text comprehension
I. Decide which of the following best states the author's tone of writing.
B

II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.
1. T (Refer to Paragraph 1.)
2. T (Refer to Paragraph 3.)
3. F (Refer to Paragraph 4. To Phil, a golf game was work.)
4. F (Refer to Paragraphs 7 and 8. She had been missing (lost) him all these years, and she must have given up part of herself which had cared too much for the man.)
5. F (Refer to Paragraph 15.)

III. Answer the following questions.
1. Refer to Paragraphs 1, 3 and 15. By repeating that Phil worked himself to death at precisely 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning, the author highlights the peculiarity of the time which proves the tragic nature of his death.
2. Refer to Paragraph 9. In the day and a half before the funeral, Phil's eldest son went around the neighborhood to ask the neighbors what his father was like, which embarrassed his neighbors. The fact reveals the relationship between Phil and his son and that between Phil and his neighbors. Neither his son nor his neighbors knew much about him. It is perhaps because he had been so dedicated to his work that he could spare no time for the people around him.
3. Refer to Paragraphs 7 to 12. Their relationships can be described as loose and strange. His wife had given up part of herself which cared too much for him, and had been missing him all these years. His eldest son had to ask his neighbors what he was like. His daughter had nothing to say to him when she was alone with him. And his youngest son, his favorite, said that his father and him only boarded there at home.
4. Refer to Paragraph 16. At the end of the essay, or by 5:00 p.m. the afternoon of the funeral, the company president had begun selecting Phil's replacement, and asked the question: Who's been working the hardest? It is strong evidence that Phil was not the only man who had worked or would work himself to death at a peculiar hour. There is a culture that drives people to work themselves to death.
5. This is a personal question, and answers will vary.

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.
1. He had dedicated all his time to his work and had no hobby at all, except that he played a golf game every month which cannot be taken as a hobby anyway.
2. Their daughter said that, when they were still very young, her father had become a company man and her mother had given up any attempt to keep him at home.

Structural analysis of the text
Paragraph 13 is a paragraph that bridges the two parts of Phil's world -- his career and his family. From the attitude of Phil's wife towards his boss, we can find the reason why Phil attached much more significance to his work than his family and also the cause of his tragedy. In this sense, paragraph 13 is the most important paragraph of the whole piece so far as the structure is concerned.

Rhetorical features of the text
1. In the day and a half before the funeral, he (his "dearly beloved" eldest of the "dearly beloved" children) went around the neighborhood researching his father, asking the neighbors what he was like. (Paragraph 9)
2. She (his second child) lives near her mother and they are close, but whenever she was alone with her father, in a car driving somewhere, they had nothing to say to each other. (Paragraph 10)
3. He (the youngest) was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home. (Paragraph 11)

Vocabulary exercises
I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.
1. died from self-motivated overwork
2. most likely, the presidency of the company; the highest position in the company
3. with no specific skills wanted by employers
4. trying to discover facts about his father; collecting (the neighbors') memories of his father
5. a person who was born vulnerable to heart attacks.

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form.
1. survived 2. grabs
3. discreetly 4. deceased, obituary
5. conceivably 6. board
7. classics 8. executives

III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
1. widowed 2. nerves
3. precisionist 4. competitiveness
5. execution 6. presided
7. marital 8. accompanied

IV. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.
1. died of 2. stay up
3. cares for 4. straightened out
5. picked out 6. given up
7. grabbed at 8. considered for

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
1. Synonym: exactly
2. Synonym: immediately
3. Antonym: slacker (idler, loafer)
4. Synonym: outlive
5. Synonym: disconcerted (abashed)
6. Synonym: departed
7. Antonym: underweight (slim)
8. Synonym: successor

VI. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
1. disappointed 2. wait
3. required 4. read
5. meant 6. entered cheerfully
7. intensifies gradually 8. became extinct

Grammar exercises
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: the present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
1. have been playing/have played
(We can use either the present perfect progressive or the present perfect to talk about activities or events that are repeated again and again until now.)
2. has been putting/has put
3. have pulled, haven't touched
4. have been waiting, have waited
5. have picked, have grown/have been growing, have never had
6. has been getting/has got, has been rising/has risen, has come
(We can use either the present perfect progressive or the present perfect to talk about an action which began in the past and is still continuing or has just finished.)
7. has been, has been looking, hasn't found
8. has failed, has got

II. Choose "a" or "b" to end each sentence as you see fit.
1. a
(If we use the present perfect progressive, we usually don't mention the number of times an event or activity was repeated.)
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. a

III. Complete the following dialogue with the proper forms of the verbs given.
A: 've been waiting for, have you been doing
B: 've been shopping, 've bought
A: met, was waiting
B: 's, speaks
A: has he been learning
A: did you say
B: 's been studying, was
B: Have you gone
A: 're saying
B: isn't, 've been walking

IV. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.
1. has been breaking→has broken
2. won→has been winning
3. ?
4. has been joining→has joined
5. 've been knowing→'ve known
(Know is not normally used in the progressive form.)
6. ?
7. has been looking→was looking
8. Did you wait →Have you been waiting

V. Choose the right word or expression to connect the two sentences.
1. Even so
2. yet
(A comma is needed after however.)
3. However
4. Nevertheless
(By contrast is used when we are comparing objects or situations and saying that they are completely different from each other. Nevertheless means "in spite of the fact one has just mentioned.")
5. For example
(For example is a logical connective while such as is a complex preposition, which is usually followed by a noun phrase.)
6. In contrast
(We use in contrast when we are comparing the features of two different objects or situations, but use on the other hand when comparing two different features of the same object or situation.)
7. However
8. Also

VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the italicized parts in your sentences.
1. e.g. The man looked the beast in the eye and it turned away without hurting him.
If I don't keep my promise, I won't be able to look him in the eye.
2. e.g. I go to the theatre whenever I get the chance.
She told me to come back whenever I want to.

Translation exercises
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. 他没有工作以外任何的“业余爱好”可言，当然，除非你觉得每月打一次高尔夫也能算数。
2. “这么多年来一直都在牵挂他”，她一定早已学会不要太过在乎那个人。
3. 就是他，想方设法抓住父亲不放，让父亲疼爱自己，好让这个人待在家里。
4. 葬礼上，60岁的公司总裁对48岁的寡妇说，51岁的死者对于公司来说举足轻重，大家都会怀念他，他是难以取代的。

II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.
1. My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round.
2. The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students' tremendous interest in the external world.
3. He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work every Monday morning.
4. Since you are leaving the company, you should straighten out the accounts within the week.
5. He often stays up late at night in order to finish writing his Ph.D. dissertation on time.
6. Nothing can replace the profoundest love lodged in one's heart of hearts.
7. He is considered a natural for the post of the president, for he has been an excellent vice-president for almost ten years.
8. He is just too common to be picked out from the crowd.

III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
他是一个经典人物，因为他是工作累死的。他们都相信，假如他能多活5年的话，将自然被提拔为第一把手。他一直被誉为同事们的典范。他一周工作6天，一天工作10多个小时。他的兴趣只限于工作。当然，他偶尔锻炼一下，以保持身体健康。他将任何形式的娱乐活动都视作浪费时间。他太忙了，没有时间和孩子们待在一起，结果跟孩子们有点疏远了，至少他的孩子们是这么想的。然而，他对公司来说却十分重要，公司里每个人都爱他，甚至崇拜他，因为在他们眼里，他几乎完美。但是，谁来帮助这孤儿寡母收拾他去世后的残局呢？

Exercises for integrated skills
I. Dictation script
Everyone is under some pressure / in the workplace. / Some external pressures / can be a positive factor, / helping us to be more productive. / Some people actually thrive / under short-term added pressure, / and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands. / Hormones are released to prepare us / for a "fight or flight" response / to demanding situations. / However, excessive and prolonged stress / can take its toll, / producing a range of physical and emotional health problems / which have come to be grouped as "work-related stress." / The experience of stress is different for every person. / Some people are affected more than others, / so what is stressful for one person / may not be stressful for another. / It can depend on your personality type / and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.

II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
(1) hours (2) while
(3) less (4) from
(5) explain (6) by
(7) late (8) differences
(9) influence (10) taking

Cultural Background
1. A recent global survey by the Centre for Work-Life Policy, a New York-based nonprofit group, found that 45% of executives were “extreme” workers, putting in more than 60 hours a week. Some 65% of men said their work stopped them from having a strong relationship with their children. The same was true for 33% of women.
2. Workaholism has not been extensively researched and does not have a clear, clinical definition, but it can be a serious problem.
3. A person who is addicted to work may experience depression, anxiety, anger, high blood pressure, and a weakened immune system as a result of the high stress.
4. Spouses and children can also be affected, with workaholics having a higher divorce rate than others.

Text I
The Company Man
Ellen Goodman
Global Reading

I. Text Analysis
Main Idea
l In a colloquial style, the author paints an ironic picture of the life of a company man and his family.
l The man was a workaholic who died of a heart attack, which surprised no one. He devoted all his thoughts and energy to work and everything else was secondary to that and the end might be considered tragically heroic: he worked himself to death.

II. Structural Analysis
Paragraph 1 — The introductory part.
Paragraphs 2-6 — This part reports how devoted the man was to his work.
Paragraphs 7-13 — This part describes Phil’s role in his family.
Paragraphs 14-16 — This is the end of the essay. After the cause of Phil’s death being restated, the author goes on to report the company president’s inquiry for his successor.