初中英语-非谓语动词知识点与练习以及答案.doc

非谓语动词

(一) 非谓语动词的概念
　　动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
　　非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do  2、动词的ing : doing  3、　动词的过去分词：done
(二) 三种形式的含义（基本用法）
不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
(三） 详细用法

动名词
（一） 动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成

形式 主动式 被动式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done

一般时态 Do you mind my smoking here? (动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后或者两个动作同时发生)

完成时态 I regret not having studied hard.(动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前)

2. 在下面两种句型中，只能用动名词
There + be + no + 动名词
There is no getting along with him.
It is +no use/good/ fun/nice + 动名词
It is no use learning English without speaking.

3.只可以接动名词的动词或者动词短语
dislike admit enjoy deny mind miss risk finish avoid consider excuse suggest practice be worth keep on can not help give up put off leave off lead to
3．比较：
1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。
2）区别
①动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。
②动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。
3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同：
begin to do begin doing
start to do start doing
continue to do continue doing
4）动名词与不定式语义不同 ：
A. stop to do　　　　　 stop doing　　　
　 B. forget to do　　　　 forget doing
　 C. remember to do　　　 remember doing　　　　　
　 　 D. try to do　　　　　　 try doing
　 E. go on to do　　　　 go on doing　　　　　　　
　 F. be afraid to do　　　　 be afraid doing

（二）动名词的句法功能
[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语 动词宾语

介词宾语
I like playing basketball very much.
我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stamps are used for sending letters
邮票是被用来寄信的。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
=Collecting stamps is his hobby.
多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。
定语
She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。
We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。
注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）

动词不定式
1）动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。

2）动词不定式的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。[来源Com]
作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语
My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work.
我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。
宾语
—What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？
—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
My mother made me play the piano all the time.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。
定语
Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？
不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.（表目的）
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

1、不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）动词不定式
如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：
It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。

2、不定式作宾语
(1)有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：
Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
(2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I find it easy to read English every day.
(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,
could/would/will you please（not）do...
I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。[来
源:学.科.网]
3、不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。
tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：[来源:学。科。网]
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to
这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、
四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。

4、不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。
不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：
The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。

5、不定式的特殊句型：
1）too…to…：太…而不能…
so/such +adj/adv +as to +v (表结果)
His father was so angry as to be unable to speak.
He is too excited to speak.
2）enough to do：足以做 …
The child is old enough to go to schooll.
3）Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?"
　　　 Why not take a holiday?
4）so as (not) to do: in order to do only to do to do （表示目的）
David came to China to study Chinese.
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
5)用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; devote oneself to 献身于；be/get used to 习惯等等。

动词的过去分词
1）动词过去分词的构成：动词过去分词一般由“动词原形+ed”构成

2）过去分词的用法
过去分词一般表示完成的或者被动的动作

1. 用作谓语的一部分，和助动词一起构成完成时态或者被动语态
We have been friends for many years.
His leg was broken in an accident.
2.作定语 There is a broken cup on the table.
This is one of the factories built in the 1960s.
过去分词作定语时放在名词前，过去分词短语作定语时放在名词后面
3.作表语 The cup is broken.
4.作宾语补足语 I must have my bike repaired.
注意，现在分词与动名词，形态上完全相同，动词加上ing 但是两者有一个本质的区别，现在分词起形容词和副词的作用，而动名词起名词的作用。
The dancing boy is me.
I enjoy dancing.

注意：“get /have/make+宾语+过去分词”的构成表示让别人去做这件事情，宾语和动词之间是被动关系。例如：I will get my hair cut. 我会理发。my hair 和cut之间是被动关系，让别人为我理发。

例题解析：
1、考查非谓语动词用作主语
不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。
【考例】It's very nice pictures for me.
A. of you to draw B. for you to draw
C. for you drawing D. of you drawing
[答案]：A。[解析]考查It's+形容词+of/for sb. +to do sth.句中it为形式主语，to do是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用of sb．，其他形容词用for sb．，故此题答案为A。

2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语
1.一It's a bit cold Would you mind my ______all the windows?
一Do as you like，please．
A．close B will close C．closing D．to close
[答案]C [解析]动词mind意为“介意”，后跟动词时，应使用ing形式。

2. Mary and I enjoy ____ badminton
A．to play B playing C．played
[答案]B[解析] enjoy后跟动词的ing形式作宾语，即：enjoy doing something，意为“喜欢(做)某事”。

3. --So hot in the classroom．Would you mind ___the windows?
--0K．I'll do it right now．[黄冈市]
A． not closing B not opening C closing D．opening
[答案]D[解析] mind是中考的重点考查词汇，其后跟v—ing表示“介意……”。

4.---Mr. Wang，I have trouble _______the text．
一Remember ____it three times at least．
A．to understand；reading B understanding；reading
C understanding；to read D．to understand；to read at night．
[答案]C [解析]have trouble doing something意为“做某事有困难”，所以答案在B与C中。remember to do something意为“记得(去)做某事”，remember doing something意为“记得做过某事”，由对话的语境可知，前者正确。

5.--How are you feeling here?
--It's quite hot. I don't know to go or stay.
A. how B. when C. whether D. where
[答案]：C。[解析]考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道是走还是留下来。”故选C。

6. Many people think it's very important us learn English well.
A. for, to B. to, to C. with, for
[答案]：A。[解析]考查“主语+feel/think/ make/ find +it +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.句中it为形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语，”故此题答案为A。

7.The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide_____
A. what to eat B. how to eat C. where to eat D. when to eat
[答案]：A 。[解析] 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能决定吃什么。”故选A。
8．---My dad bought me a new MP4, but I don’t know ______________.
---Let’s read the instructions.
A. what to use B. which one to use C. how to use it D. when to use it
[答案]：C。 [解析] 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道如何使用。”故选C。
9. It took my daughter two weeks _______the novels _______by Yand Hongying
A. read; written B. to read; written
C. reading; to write D. to read; wrote
[答案]：B。[解析] It takes +sb．+some time +to do sth．表示花费多长时间做某事，novel与write的关系是动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动。故答案为B。

10.Drivers are warned ________when they are tired.
A. to drive B. not drive C. not to drive
[答案]：C。[解析]考查动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在to前面加not。故选C。

11.If you want to know _______the mobile phone, you’d better read the instructions first.
A. how to use B. how to make C. where to mend D. where to buy
[答案]：A。[解析] 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“如果你想要知道如何使用手机的话，你最好先看一看说明书。”故选A。

12.China will spend about 52 billion yuan ____new airports and __old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(时期)．
A．repairing; building B. to build；repair
C．building；repairing D．to repair；build
[答案]C[解析]本题主要是考查动词spend的用法。spend．．．doing something意为“花费……做某事”，由此可排除B、D两项。再从句意上看，应是“修建”新机场，“维修”旧机场。

13． students should pay attention to ___________the teacher in class．
A．hear B.1istento C. listening to D. hearing of
[答案]C[解析]本题考查了介词后跟动词的情况 pay attention to意为“注意”，其中to是介词，所以后面的动词应使用动名词形式。hear of意为“听说”，与句意不符。

3、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语
原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。
1.Alice asked me another bag for her.
A. get B. got C. to get D. getting
[答案]：C。[解析] ask sb．to do sth．表示让某人做某事此句话的意思为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”

2.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.
A. swim B. to swim C. swimming
[答案]：B。[解析]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sb．to do sth．表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根据题意，应选B。
3.---What did your sister say to you last night
---She asked me _________my father her secret.[绍兴]
A. to tell not B. not to tell C. don’t tell D. not tell
[答案]：B。[解析] tell sb．to do sth．表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根据题意，应选B。

4.Betty is often seen _______the old man with his housework.
A. help B. to help C. helped D. helps
[答案]：B。[解析]考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。故选B。

5.Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them __________ how much they mean to us.
A. to know B. knowing C. know
[答案]：C。[解析]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。make sb. do sth. 表示“使某人……”，故选C。

7.---How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?
---It makes us ________proud.
A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling
[答案]：A。[解析] 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。故选A。

4、考查非谓语动词用作定语
—Shopping with me?
—Sorry. I have a lot of clothes .
A．to wash B．washed C．wash D．to be washed
[答案]: A
[命题立意]：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。
[试题解析]：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选A。

5、考查非谓语动词用作状语
1.--Linda, I am very thirsty.
--Let's go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK?
A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying
[答案]：C。[解析]考查不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为：“咱们去最近的超级市场买些饮料。”

2.In order ________the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.
A. makes B. making C. to make D. make
[答案]：C。[解析]考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构。in order to do sth.表示“为了……”的意思，不定式作目的状语。故选C。
3.一There goes the bell．
一It's time for class. Let's stop_________.
A． talk B to talk C．talking D．not talk
[答案]C[解析] 动词stop后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：stop to do sth，也可以接动词的一ing形式作定语，即：stop doing sth。前者表示停下来(开始)做后面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”可知，应选C项。

练习巩固：
一、选择题。
1. The doctor came______ our eyes.
A. to examine B. for examining C. as to examine D. examining
2. Our teacher always makes us _______ hard.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
3. _______ our classroom once a week is necessary
A. Cleaning B. Clean C. Cleaned D. To clean
4. _______ is our duty ______ good service to customers
A. That, to give B. This, giving C. It, to give D. It, giving
5. It took years______ the highrise.
A. for our building B. for us in building
C. to build D. building
6. Their wish is _____ a house of their own.
A. to have B. for having C. have D. of having
7. The teacher agreed _____ us_____ the test papers home.
A. to let, take B. to let, to take C. letting, take D. let, take
8. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _______ me his bicycle.
A. lending B. lent C. to lend D. in lending
9. I don't like_______ people _________about their neighbours.
A. hear, talking B. to hear, talking C. to hear, to talk D. hearing, talked
10. I haven't decided ________
A. to take which train B. which to take a train C. which train to take D. which train taken
11. You must remember____ me a phone call as soon as you get there.
A. giving B. to give C. gave D. give
12. Professor Brown taught his students______ English, and he learned ______Chinese from them.
A. how to speak, speaking B. how to speak, to speak
C. how speaking, speaking D. how speak, to speak
13. — Sorry, I forgot_________ you that the party wouldn't be held tonight.
— That's all right. Mary has told me about it.
A. telling B. I told C. told D. to tell
14. I wonder_________ him or not.
A. if invite B. whether to invite C to invite D. if to invite
15. I hope_________ yourself.
A. you to manage B. for you to manage
C. you managing D. that you can manage
16. — Would you like ________you the way there?
— It's kind of you. Thank you.
A. me showing B. that I show
C. me show D me to show
17. The old man said that he'd prefer alone in the country rather than live with his son in the city.
A. living B. to live C. that he lives D. for him to live
18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her ____ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
19. Since nobody told her______, she came to our help.
A. what she did B. to do what C. what to do D. what she to do
20.My aunt showed me _____.
A. how to make a dress B. how a dress be made
C. how making a dress D. how a dress made
21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried______ more exercises______ .
A. to find, to do B. finding, to do
C. to find, she did D. finding, done
22. The policeman told Smith ______after drinking.
A. to not drive B. not driving C. not drive