高三英语教材词汇用法同步详解(含近义词辨析及例句).doc

高三英语教材词汇用法同步详解

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Unit One
abandon vt. go away from( a person or thing or place) not intending to return; desert 放弃，抛弃 词组 abandon one’s home 离弃家园
abandon one’s wife 遗弃妻子
an abandoned baby 被抛弃的孩子
abandon one’s research for lack of funds 由于缺乏资金放弃
abandon oneself to 沉溺于

ability n. capacity or power to do something physical or mental 能力
词组 to the best of one’s ability 尽自己最大努力
例句 I believe your ability to bring out the best in others.
我相信你有充分发挥别人潜力的能力

able adj. having knowledge or skill; capable 有能力的， 能干的 反义词：unable
词组 be able to do
be capable of 有能力做某事
辨析 able capable
两个都指“有才能的”， able所指的意义，高过capable 一级,
如 an able man 能应付各种事情的人（指非常的），而a capable man 能应付自如的人（指寻常的）；capable也可以用于贬义，表示此人什么事都干得出来。

aboard adv. prep. on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or a bus 在船（或飞机，车）上；
上船，登机, 在船（或飞机，车）上
词组 go aboard 上船（飞机）
welcome aboard 请上船（飞机）

about prep. on the subject of (sb/sth); concerning or regarding关于；
around在周围；在各处；大约
adv. (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place) 各处，周围
词组 be about to 刚要；正准备
例句 He was about to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，这时开始下雨了。
How about…? What about…? 关于…怎么样？
How about going to watch a football game? 去看足球赛怎么样？
辨析 be to do be going to do be about to do

be to do 表示计划或安排要做的事；
be going to do表示打算要做但还没有安排好何时做的事；
be about to do表示某时突然想要做某事或表示过去刚要做某事时另一件事发生了,这时常与when词组连用。
例句 We are going to visit our former English teacher this winter holiday.
这个寒假我们打算去看看我们以前的英语老师。
We are to visit our English teacher on Feb 5th.
二月五日我们去看看我们的英语老师。
I was about to leave home when the doorbell rang.
我刚要出门，这时门铃响了。

above prep. higher than something 在…上面；高于；超过 反义词：below
adv. 在上面
词组 above all 最重要的是
above average 超过平均水平
as indicated above 如上所示
above-mentioned 上述的

absent adj. not present 缺席,心不在焉 反义词 present
v. fml to keep oneself away （正式）缺席，不在
词组 be absent from 缺席 be present at 出席
absent-minded 心不在焉的 absent expression 茫然的表情
in the absence of = in one’s absence 有谁不在场
in the presence of = in one’s presence 有谁在场
展开 absence n. 反义词 presence

absolute adj. complete, total 十足的，道地的；绝对的，完全的
词组 an absolute idiot 十足的傻瓜
absolute power 绝对的权利
展开 absolutely adv. 完全地；极其

absorb vt. take sth in; include sth/sb as part of itself
吸收；接受；把…并入；吸引（注意力，精力等）
词组 be absorbed in 全神贯注于
（同）be lost in;
concentrate one’s attention/ mind on
focus one’s mind/ attention on

abstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence
抽象的 反义词：concrete
an abstract noun抽象名词
n. 摘要，梗概
词组 in the abstract 抽象地说，一般地说

accept v. take (sth offered) willingly 接受，认可 adj. acceptable 可以接受的
辨析 receive 表示“收到”，而accept 表示“接受”，其反义词为refuse
I received his invitation yesterday but I did not accept it.
昨天我受到了他的邀请，但是没有接受。
admit 表示“接纳”，“吸收”某人加入某一组织，团体等
Soon he was admitted to British citizenship.
不久之后他便被接受为英国公民。
access n. means of approaching or entering( a place) 通道；
opportunity or right to use sth or approach sth 接近；接近的机会；享用权
词组 a man of easy access 容易接近的人
have access to 可以到达（进入）；能够使用（接近）
例句 The only access to that building is along the muddy track.
进入那幢大楼的唯一通道就是这条泥泞的轨道。
Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.
只有几个人可以获取这个案例的全部事实。
展开 accessible adj. 容易接近，得到或使用

accident n. event that happens unexpectedly and causes damages, injury, etc.意外事件，事故
词组 a traffic accident 交通事故
by accident 偶然
（同）by chance accidentally
(反)on purpose
例句 He owes his success to a mere accident 他的成功出于偶然。
展开 accidental adj. 偶然的

accompany vt. to go with, as on a journey陪伴，陪同；
to happen or exist at the same time伴随，和…一起发生；
to make supporting music for为…伴奏（或伴唱）
例句 I was accompanied to the airport by my wife. 妻子陪我到机场。
Suffering accompanied war. 灾难总是伴随着战争一起。
He sang a folk song, accompanied by his wife at the piano.
他唱了一首民歌，他妻子钢琴伴奏
展开 company n. 陪伴 keep sb. company 陪伴

accomplish v. to succeed in doing; finish successfully; perform 实行，完成
词组 accomplish one’s purpose 达到目的
accomplish nothing 一事无成
accomplish wonders 创造奇迹
an accomplished young lady 多才多艺的少女
展开 accomplished adj. 熟练的，已完成的，有教养的
辨析 accomplish complete finish achieve fulfil
accomplish—指通过努力完成（某一任务，使命），取得（成就），达到（目的）等
complete— 较accomplish更具体，指把建筑，工程，书籍等完成
finish— 指完成日常琐事，接动名词作“结束”讲，而complete则不能如此。另外，finish指消极性的“完成”
辨析： I have finished the book. 我已读完这本书了。
I have completed the book. 我已写完这本书了。
fulfil— 完成（计划，任务），达到（目的），强调的是对预期的或保证过的事情圆满完成，达到预想的目的和要求。
I had fulfilled many of my youthful ambitions.
我已实现了我年轻时的许多抱负。
展开 achieve—指排除困难，完成伟大功业，取得成就。

according adv. 按照；根据
词组 according to 根据
accordingly adv. 相应地

account n. a written or spoken report; description记述，描述，报告
n. a record or statement of money received and paid out, as by a bank or business, esp. for a particular period or at a particular date账，帐户
n. 解释，说明
vi. account for 说明…的原因，是…的原因
vi. account for （在数量，比例方面）占
词组 give an account of 叙述；报告
pay one’s account 付帐
keep accounts 记账
on account of 由于；因为
on no account 决不
take…into account = take account of = take into consideration 考虑
of no account 不重要的
on account 以赊帐方式
展开 accountant n. 会计人员

accuse v. to charge(someone)with doing wrong or breaking the law; blame 指责
词组 accuse sb. of sth.= charge sb.with sth. 控告某人
the accused 被告
the accuser 原告
展开 accusation n. 指责，控告

accustomed adj. being in the habit of; used to习惯于；
regular, usual 通常的，惯常的
词组 表示“习惯于”
be (get, become, grow) accustomed to
be (get, become, grow) used to （变得）习惯于
adapt oneself to
adjust oneself to 使自己习惯于
accustom oneself to
例句 This is her accustomed hour to get up. 这是她惯常的起床时间

ache n. a continuous pain疼痛
vi. to have or suffer a continuous dull pain 疼痛，酸痛
合成词 toothache 牙疼
headache 头疼
stomachache 胃疼
辨析 ache pain hurt
ache 指一种辨析持久的疼痛，或因小病或失调引起的感觉
I have an ache in my stomach. 我胃疼。
He is aching all over. 他浑身痛。
pain 指人体感到不舒服，是一般用语，可指身体或精神方面的痛
I have a sharp pain in the neck.. 我的颈部痛得很。
hurt 指身体或精神的伤害，指“疼痛”时，为不及物动词
What you have said hurt her. 你说的伤到她了。
My fingers still hurt now. 我的手指还在痛。

achieve vt. to finish successfully(esp. something, anything, nothing) 完成，实现，达到
vi. 成功
词组 achieve one’s aim 达成目标
achieve nothing 一事无成
achieve success 成功
achieve a general increase in production 实现逐步增长
辨析 （见accomplish词条）

展开 achievement n. 成就，成绩

acquire vt. to get for oneself by one’s own work, skill, action, etc.取得，获得；学到
词组 acquire a property 得到一笔财产
acquire a large vocabulary 学到大量词汇
acquire confidence 获得信心
辨析 acquire get obtain gain
acquire 指（经过一个过程或通过自己的努力才）“获得”，“习得”
get 为一般用语，表示“得”，“取得”等，常用在口语中
obtain 比get文雅些，指凭着努力，要求等而“得到”
Further information can be obtained from our head office.
可以从我们总部获得更多信息
gain “取得”“赚得（利益等）”，含优势和成就等意味。
Nothing can be gained without an effort . 不劳则无获。

across prep. from one side to the other of穿过…， 横过…， 在…的对面
adv. 从 边到另一边；宽，横
词组 come across = run across 碰到某人或遭遇某事
get across 惹（某人）不高兴
put across 哄骗（使相信或接受）
get sth. across 使人理解,领会
put sth. across 讲清楚，使人听懂
The stream is 6 feet across. 这条小溪六尺宽。
He was unable to get across to the group what he meant.他无法让人了解他什么意思。
We must learn how to put our ideas across. 我们必须学会讲清楚我们的观点。
辨析 across through
across 指平面的穿过;
through 指空间或内部的穿过
辨析 across the river/ street/ desert/ plain
through the forest/ window/ gate

act vi. to take action行动；做，做事；to represent (a part) or perform by action表演;
vt. 扮演（角色）
n. 行为，动作；法令；条例
词组 act on/ upon 1. 根据…行事
2．对…产生影响，对…起作用
act on the teacher’s instructions 遵照老师的指令
Acids act on metals. 酸对金属起作用。
in the act of 正做…的过程中
an act of great daring 英勇的行为
an education act 教育法
例句 She acted wisely in this matter. 她在这事上做得很明智。
He wasn’t acting like himself. 他的举止反常。
He acts very well in the play. 他在剧中演得很好
He acted Romeo. 他演罗密欧。

action process of doing something n. 行动
词组 take action 采取行动
out of action 不（再）起作用，不（再）运转
go /come into action 开始战斗，开始行动
辨析 action act activity
act 指短暂，个别的，具体的“行为”；
action 偏重于抽象的，占时较长的“行为”，“行为过程”，更具有连续性；
activity 指活动。
例句 The thief was caught in the very act of stealing. 小偷在行窃时被逮捕。
Firm action must be taken to prevent such an accident from happening again.
必须采取果断措施以防止此类事故再度发生。
展开 classroom activity 班级活动
action 也常指做事的方法或效果
action of a runner/ a medicine 跑步者的动作（药的作用）
actions泛指人们的行为，常与呼应
Actions speak louder than words. （谚语）事实胜于雄辩。
注：我们可以有如下表达
a foolish/ kind/ brave act (or action)=
an act( not action ) of foolishness/ kindness/ bravery

active energetic; quick; lively adj. 积极的，主动的
词组 be active in = take an active part in积极参加
展开 actively adv. 积极地

adapt v.make something suitable for a new use, situation etc. 使适应，使适合；
. v. alter or modify(a text) for television, the stage, etc. 修改，改编
词组 adapt oneself to 使自己适应，习惯（见accustomed 词条）
adapt to 适应

add v. put something together with sth. else so as to increase the size, number, amount etc.
加，添加；进一步说（或写），附带说明
词组 add up to = amount to = total = come to 合计达，总计
add to 增加
add up 加起来
add to one’s confusion/ difficulty 增加困惑，困难
例句 Three added to four makes seven. 3加4等于7
Add all these figures and see what the total is.把这些数字加起来，看看是多少。

addition n. adding, esp. calculating the total of two or more numbers 加；加法
词组 in addition = besides 另外，加之
in addition to = as well as = besides 除…之外（还有）
展开 additional adj. 附加的，另外的

address n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters , etc may be
delivered 地址，住址；
n. speech made to an audience演说，讲话
vt. （在信封或包裹上）写姓名，地址；向…作（正式）讲话；对…发表演说；
称呼；处理
词组 address oneself to 向…讲话，致力于
辨析 address speech lecture report talk
address 指较正式隆重场合上所作的“演说”；
speech 普通用语，指在公共场合所作的经过准备的或无准备的“发言”；
lecture 学术性的“演讲”“讲座”；
report 事件及局势的报道（报告）或下级给上级的报告；
talk 非正式的讲话，用与较随便的场合。
I went to a lecture he gave on literature.
a political report
I must have a long talk with him.

adequate adj. sufficient 足够的，适当的；胜任的 反义词：inadequate
辨析 adequate sufficient enough
adequate 着重符合一个客观要求或标准，兼有“适当”之意；
sufficient 较偏重分量或数量的“足够”，多用于书面语；
enough 常用语，也较偏重分量或数量的“足够”。
His wages are adequate to support the family.他的工资足够养家了。

adjust v. alter (sth) by a small amount so that it will fit or be right for use; regulate 调整；调节
词组 adjust oneself to 调整以适应（见accustomed词条）
adjust to 适应
例句 The body quickly adjust ( itself ) to changes in temperature.
身体迅速自行调节以适应气温的变化。

admire vt. regard sb with respect, pleasure, satisfaction etc. 赞赏，钦佩
词组 win the admiration of 赢得…的赞赏
be the admiration of 成为（是）...的欣赏对象
have/ display an admiration for 对…非常佩服（欣赏）
展开 admirer n. 崇拜者
admirable adj. 令人敬佩的
admirably adv. 令人敬佩地，非常地
admiringly adv. 钦佩地，赞叹地
admiration n. 欣赏赞赏

admit vt. allow sb/ sth to enter 允许进入，使进入；容纳；容许
recognize or acknowledge sth as true, confess sth. 承认+that clause/ doing/ n./ pron.
词组 admit to sth/doing sth 承认；同向
admit (having made ) mistakes 承认犯了错误
be admitted into 被…录取
admit of 容许
例句 Only important personages were admitted to the opening ceremony.
只有VIP才可参加开幕式。
This matter admits of no delay. 这件事不容拖延。
This ticket will admit three to the concert. 一张票可供三个人听音乐会。
George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错。
I admit my mistake that I was wrong. 我承认我错了。
展开 admission n. 准许进入，入场费，费用

advance v. come or go forward 前进，向前移动；
make progress 取得进展；
increase (a price)（价格等）上涨；
pay before it is due to be paid预先发放，预先支付；
bring (an event) to an earlier date 提前，使提前发生；
make a present (a claim or suggestion, etc) 提出（建议等）
n. 前进，前移；进展，改进；（价格等）增加；预付（款等）
adj. 预先的，先行的
词组 in advance 在前面；预先，事先
展开 advanced adj. 先进的，高级的；年迈的，后阶段的

advantage n. condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success (esp. when competing with others) 优势，好处 反义词：disadvantage
词组 take advantage of 利用（某人的处境，弱点等）
利用（机会等）= make use of
have (give sb.) an advantage over （使某人）在方面辨析有利；胜过
have the advantage of 在某方面有优势
to sb.’s advantage 对（某人）有利
turn sth. to advantage 使发挥作用，充分利用
例句 His British upbringing gives him certain advantages over other applicants.
他在英国成长受教育这一背景使他比其他应征者略胜一筹。
He has the advantage of speaking four languages over others.
相比其他人，他有能说四门语言的优势。
The lawyer’s letter said she would hear something to her advantage.
律师的信上说她会听到对她有利的消息。
展开 advantageous adj. 有利的

adventure n. unusual, exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 冒险（性）；冒险活动；冒险经历；激动人心的活动（经历）；奇遇
辨析 adventure venture
adventure 指如探险等一般性的冒险
venture 尤指在商业方面有风险的计划，投资，事业
his adventures in Africa 他在非洲的冒险经历
He thought the venture far too risky and didn’t want to become involved.
他认为这个计划风险性太大而不想参与。
展开 adventurous adj. 冒险的
adventurer n. 冒险家

advice n. opinion given about what to do or how to behave 建议，劝告
（不可数）a piece of advice
词组 advise sb. to do sth.=
try to persuade sb. to do sth. =
try to persuade sb. into doing sth. 建议某人做某事
ask sb. for advice 向某人要建议
follow/ take one’s advice 听从某人的建议
give sb. some advice on sth. 给某人提建议
it is advisable for sb. to do sth. …对某人来说是可取的
展开 advise v. 建议
advisable adj.明智的，可取的，适当的

affair n.thing (to be) done; concern; matter 事情，事件；(pl.) 事务
词组 public affairs 公事
private / personal affairs 私事
national /state affairs 国事
international affairs 国际事务
family affairs 家事
current affairs 时事
辨析 affair matter business event incident
affair 涵义最广，可指已经发生的或必须去做的任何事情，也可泛指事务（用作复数时，指重大的或头绪较多的事情）；
matter 意为事情，指要考虑或处理的（小）事；
money matters 钱的事情
What’s the matter = what’s wrong?
business常指生意，商业，还可指任务，责任，正事；
do business with 与某人做生意
go into business 经商
business hours 营业时间
mind your own business ( affairs ) 少管闲事
get down to business 干正事
It’s none of your business. 不关你的事
Business is business. 公事公办
event 指重大事情