高中英语状语从句讲解及练习.doc

状语从句在复合句中作状语，位置灵活。状语从句可分为时间状语从句，目的状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，方式状语从句，结果状语从句。（一） 时间状语从句1. when, as, whilea. when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。Eg: When I get there I will call you.如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语与be可省。Eg：When （you are）in trouble, you can ask her for help.如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同时，往往可以用“when+分词”的形式代替该状从。Eg：When I came into the room(When coming into the room), I found the light was off.b. while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句的动作进行过程中。主句的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词。Eg: He came in while I was reading a book. I met her while I was in school.c. as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同在时间点或同时间段进行。同时可表示主句的动作随着从句的动作的变化而变化。Eg: He jumps as he sings. As the wind rose, the noise increased.2. before(在之前)与after（在之后）Eg：See me before you leave.I saw them after I arrived.3. till与until肯定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时。否定形式表达的意思是直至某时才做某事。Eg: Wait till/untill I call you.等着直到我叫你。She didnt arrive till/until 6 oclock. 她直到6点才到但是置于句首时只可用untill.Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。否定形式有另外两种表达方式：(1)Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。Man did not know what heat was until the early years of the 19th century.=Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat was. (2)It is not until thatHe will not go to bed until his mother comes home.=It is not until his mother comes home that he will go to bed.4. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately和hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthana. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。译为“一就”Eg：As soon as she heard the news, she began crying.b. hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan都可以表示一就的意思，但主句谓语动词一般要用过去完成时，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。Eg：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain。1.WecalledtheFirst-AidCenter_thetrafficaccidenthappened.A.immediately B.shortly C.quickly D.hurriedly2.Therooffell_hehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.A.before B.as C.after D.until3. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity he reaches the end of the story.A when B whenever C.after D.until 4.Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes_Iheardthevoices.A.as B.for C.while D.when5. _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As(二)目的状语从句1. (so) that/in order that（so）that/in order that表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句要用虚拟语气。Eg: He shouted at the top of his voice so that/in order that he might be heard.如果表示“为了，以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，可用in order to或so as to替代。Eg：I came early so as to/in order to catch the first train.3. lest, for fear that, in caselest, for fear that, in case表示“以免，以防”。其中 lest, for fear that要用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气；in case后的从句可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。Eg：I will not make a noise lest/ for fear that I (should) disturb you.Take your umbrella in case it rains.Ex. 1. Hewhisperedtohiswife_hemightwakeupthesleepingbaby.A.sothat B.onconditionthat C.forfearthat D.solongas2. Roses need special care they can live through winter.A. because B so that C even if D as3. Leave your key with a neighbour you lock yourself out oneday.A ever since B even if C soon after D in case4. Take your umbrella with you _ it rains.A. if B. as if C. in case D. as long as5. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless(三)条件状语从句1. if: “如果”(如为真实条件句用陈述语气、如为非真实条件句用虚拟语气)Eg: If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled. If I were a bird, I would fly.2. in case, on condition that, provinding, provided (that), supposing, supposed (that) :“假如，在条件下”Eg: The mother promises to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.Suppose (that) he does not come, what shall we do?3. unless:“ 除非”（=if not）Eg: We cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight= We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.4. as/so long as:“只要”Eg: We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.Ex1.-Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?-Illprobablygoforawalklateron_itstaysfine.A.asfaras B.solongas C.evenif D.asif2. We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday it rains.A since B if C unless D until3. You will pass the exam you work hard.A unless B even if C as if D if（四）让步状语从句1. “虽然，即使，尽管”a. although/ though/ even though/ even ifalthough/ though 语气较弱（尽管），even though/ even if（即使） 语气较强。although和though 可以互换，但though可以用于倒装也可以不倒装。（参见as引导让步状语从句的用法）Eg: Although/ though it was not his fault, he took all the blame. Even if/ Even though you dont like your boss, you should do your work.b. as as可引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”，但要用倒装结构，形式如下：1）. 形容词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：Eg: Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 2）. 过去分词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：Eg: Well-written as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it. 3）. 名词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：Eg: Student as he is, he does not study hard. 4）. 副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语部分。如：Eg: Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely.5）. 动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词may, might, will, would等）。如：Eg: Try as you will, you wont be able to persuade him. 注意：若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定代词。若提前的是动词原形，与之连用的情态动词要置于原来的位置，即主语之后。though在引导让步状语从句时可像as一样倒装。2. while: 尽管Eg: While its none of my business, I will watch you.3. no matter (what, when, where): 无论（什么，何时，何地）Eg: The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.4. however :不论怎样。however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装，一般在however后加形容词或副词。Eg: The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried.5. whetheror not: 不管是否Eg: Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.总结：1)although与though在一些情况下可互换，都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。2)however引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。3)while也可引导让步状语从句，这一点特容易被考生忽视。4)whatever修饰名词，“无论什么”，however修饰形容词、副词，“无论多么， 无论怎么”。5)even if/even though(即使)与as if/as though(好像)Ex.4 1._journalismseemslikeagoodprofession,Iwouldprefertobea teacher.A.Although B.As if C.Nomatter D. Nowthat2._IpreferacolorTV,Ihavetobuyablackandwhiteonethistime.A.As B.Since C.Because D.Although3 .Dont change your mind, _ happens to you.A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever4. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever5._I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless6.Allow children the space to voice their opinion，_they are different from your own. A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though（五）地点状语从句1. where: 哪里Eg: Put the medicine where you can easily get it.2. wherever：无论哪里Eg: He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.Ex. 1. you meet him, tell him the truth.A However B When C While D As though2.This was the place I came across Jane.A where B which C that D when (六) 原因状语从句1. because直接原因，非推断语气最强回答why。Eg：I do it because I like it. 2. as 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。Eg: As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.3. for 放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明。Fot引导的原因状语从句只能置于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。 Eg: He could not have seen me, for I was not there.4. since/ seeing (that)/ now (that)/ considering (that)/ in that 通常放句首译为“既然”。Eg: Since the purser didnt tell us what to do, we can relax.Ex.6 1. He found it increasingly difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail.A and B for C but D or2. Did you return Anns call?-I didnt need to I will see her tomorrow.A though Bunless C when D because（七）方式状语从句1. as, (just) assoEg: Do as you are told to. As water is to fish, so air is to man。 2. as if/ as thoughEg: He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大）Ex.71. Always do to the others you would be done by.A which B as C what D that2. He looks as if he to die.A wants B want C wanted D would want(八) 结果状语从句1. so that 既可以引导目的状语从句又可以引导结果状语从句。Eg: He worried so that he couldnt sleep.他急得睡不着。 I get up early so that I should catch the train.我早起的目的是搭到火车。2. 表示“如此以致”的“sothat”和“suchthat”均可以引导结果状语从句，其中的such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或名词。具体搭配如下：1）“so+adj./adv.+that”,“so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that”2)“such(a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”Eg: The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.Ex.81.I havent seen Ann for long that Ive forgeten what she looks like.A such B very C so D too2. His plan was such a good one we all agreed to accept it.A so B and C that D as3. We were in when we left that we forget the airline tickets.A a rush so anxious B a such anxious rush C so an anxious rush D such an anxious rush（九）比较状语从句1. asas : 像一样Eg: My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.2. not so (as) as: 不像Eg: The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.3.than : 比怎么样，Eg: People believe that being a steward is better than most of the other jobs.4. The more, the more : 越 越Eg: The more he listened to that song, the more he enjoyed it.Ex.9 1. you meet her, you love her.A If; and B The more; the more C Although; but D The more; more2. She is than us.A clever B cleverer C more clever D the most cleverPractice:1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _ he was fifty.2. He began to work _ he got there.3. He didnt come to the lecture, _ he was very busy.4. _we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.5. We would try to get a car _we could all travel together more easily.6. She wouldnt forget her mothers birthday _ she seldom wrote to her family.7. Were doing everything we can to make things as easy for you _we can.8. The meeting became so disorderly _ the speaker had to shout to the audience,9. He was angrier _ ever before.10. The boy was so tired _ he fell asleep on the bus.11. Hard _ he tried, he couldnt force the door open.12. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.13. You may arrive in Beijing early _ you mind taking the night train.14. More people will eat out in restaurants _ they do today.15. _ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.1. He didnt know the results until I told him.2. He stole a bread from the store. It made his father upset.3. He should stay at home and do his homework. 4. In the park , I came across him.5. He was too shy. He couldnt speak out a word.