高中英语简单句、并列句和复合句.doc

高中英语简单句、并列句和复合句考点复习突破学案（一）句子种类两种分类法w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一高考资源网般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e. g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e. g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e. g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词：e. g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e. g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e. g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。主语动词表语：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词作表语)2. Gradualy he became silent. (形容词作表语)3. She remained standing for a hour. (现在分词作表语)4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词作表语)5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语作表语)6. The television was on. (副词作表语)7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式作表语)8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词作表语)9. The question is what you want to do. (从句作表语，即：表语从句)注意：在下面的句子中，形容词作表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。Im happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example. 主语动词：在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。1. The sun is rising. 2. Ill try. 3. Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)4. The engine broke down. 注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。1. The book sells well. 2. The window wont shut. 3. The pen writes smoothly. 4. Cheese cuts easily. 主语动词宾语：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。1. Do you know these people (them)？(名词或代词作宾语)2. I cant express myself in English. (反身代词作宾语)3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)4. We cant afford to pay such a price. (不定式作宾语)5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词作宾语)6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (从句作宾语，即：宾语从句)注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。主语动词宾语宾语：在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习中遇到时，要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中，间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为由to引导的短语。1. He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me. 2. She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为由for引导的短语。3. She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us. 4. She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us. 第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。5. Tell him Im out. 6. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？主语动词宾语宾语补足语：在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1. He found his new job boring. (形容词作宾补)2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词作宾补)3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语作宾补)4. We went to here house but found her out. (副词作宾补)5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式作宾补)6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作宾补)7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式作宾补)8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式作宾补)9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式作宾补)10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词作宾补)11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it作形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。2. I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。3. there be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有”谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room. 有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall. 主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do). 谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him. 谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mThere used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight？there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变反意疑问句也要借助there。Is there any hope of getting the job？There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. 用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：You wouldnt want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构)The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构)There being nothing else to do，we went home. (独立主格结构)（三）并列句的分类并列句基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e. g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e. g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 主从复合句：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1、概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。2、分类：从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语、定语从句和状语从句等。（四）高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：We will go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow。判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 【模拟试题】1. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 2. _ help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give3. Lucy, you wash the dishes, _ ? Morn, cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it. A. dont you B. can you C. shall you D. will you 4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. _ it rains later on in the day?A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. You ought to stay up late tonight, _ you? Yes. Ive got too much homework.A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul, _? A. can it B. cant it C. can they D. cant they7. There used to be a church in the small town, _? A. used there B. usednt there C. used it D. usednt it 8. She isnt your neighbour, is she? _. A. Yes, she isnt B. No, she is C. Yes, she is D. No, isnt she 9. _ to be a PLA soldier when I was young. And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want 10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be.A. that B. whom C. what D. who12. _ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. where B. which C. while D. why 14. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as 15. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what16. The students of the music school study _. A. music but also some other subjects B. some other subjects as well as musicC. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subjects and music17. _ air is to man, so is water to fish. A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As18. There is plenty of rain in the south _ there is little in the north.A. while B. as C. when D. so 19. _ several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked B. Having been asked C. He would ask D. He had been asked 20. I dont like chicken _ fish. I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much. A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and 21. _ the days went on, the situation there got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As22. _ everybody is here, lets set out right away.A. Now that B. Because C. For D. After 23. The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. to which B. in which C. which D. with which 24. We must do the experiment carefully _ Miss Liu told us.A. what B. since C. as D. while25. Tony will never forget these days _ she lived in China with her mother, has a great effect on her life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; that26. _ I know, they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.A. Since B. So far as C. In case D. As if27. Who do you think the doctor will have _ first, John or Kate? A. examine B. to examine C. examining D. examined28. What are you anxious about? _.A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed C. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed 29. You should put the dictionary _ you can find it easily.A. where B. the place C. the place on which D. what 30. She said to me, “Ill tell you the result of the test _ I know it.”A. because B. the moment C. after D. though 31. Grandpa used to tell us something about the “Cultural Revolution” _ he had time to spare. A. as soon as B. as C. so that D. whenever32. Li Fang is very busy, _ shes always helping others with their lessons. A. but B. although C. so D. for 33. Getting a right job can be difficult _ the students _ prepared to deal with the job interview.A. if; wont B. unless; will C. unless; are D. if; are 34. Everything depends on _ they will support you about it. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. if B. which C. whether D. that 35. She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us.A. which B. it C. as D. who 36. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which is not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been 37. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 38. Its really very dangerous. One more step, _ the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and39. She is American, _ she knows little about American history.A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore 40. Information technology is taught in most schools, _ we have entered the information society.A. so B. while C. still D. for41. Helen must obey her parents. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m Oh, she must, _? A. must she B. mustnt she C. shouldnt she D. should she 42. John must be in the chemistry lab, _?A. mustnt he B. neednt he C. isnt he D. shouldnt he 43. It was quite a long time _ I made it out what had happened. A. after B. before C. when D. since44. _ the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.A. Read B. Reading C. If reading D. When you read 45. _ does he do his work well, _ he helps others with their work. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Both; and 46. _, so he didnt come to school last week.A. Though he was ill B. Being ill C. Having been ill D. He was ill47. She tried every way _ she could find to