考研英语题型及常考知识点.docx

考研英语题型9篇文章
一、完形填空20空10分
二、阅读6篇文章60分
Part A 深度阅读5×4×2分=40分
Part B ①七选五句子填充10分 ②七选五标题还原10分 ③段落排序10分
Part C翻译中文5×2分=10分
三、作文①小作文书信10分②大作文图标作文10分
考研take part in the postgraduate entrance exams
硕士研究生入学考试The entrance examination for postgraduates
多变化：用词, 句式, 标点
①用词多变化, 例 漫画：·cartoon drawing image picture illustration
②句式多变化, 基本句式：主+谓 长难句：3大类14种

1、Internet of things 物联网（基础是互联网） Internet=digital Internet 互联网
The Internet of Things is a network of Internet-enabled objects, together with web services that interact with these objects. 物联网是由联网物品构成的一个网络，其中包括与这些物品进行互动的互联网服务。
2、federal 联邦的；同盟的 federal agency联邦机构；federal reserve bank（美）联邦储备银行
The Republicans made a great whoop and a holler about the honesty of federal employees. 共和党人大肆宣传联邦政府官员的廉洁问题。
3、cyber 网络的， cyber crime网络犯罪；计算机犯罪cyber attack网络攻击cyber cafe网络咖啡屋
"No one interested in cyber safety would condone the leaking of this list," he said. “任何一个关心网络安全的人都不会宽恕名单的泄漏，”他说。
4、regulation n. 管理；规则；校准adj. 规定的；平常的 speed regulation速度调节；速度调整 regulation and control调控 government regulation政府法规，政府调控；政府监管
（Regulations are rules made by a government or other authority in order to control the way something is done or the way people behave. 法规; 条例 ） The European Union has proposed new regulations to control the hours worked by its employees.欧盟已经提出了新的法规来控制其雇员的工作时间。
5、automaker 汽车制造商 a business engaged in the manufacture of automobiles
6、bill n. [法] 法案；广告；账单；[金融] 票据；钞票；清单vt. 宣布；开账单；用海报宣传
He paid his bill for the newspapers promptly.他立刻付了报纸的账单。（A bill is a written statement of money that you owe for goods or services. 账单）
给……开账单Are you going to bill me for this?你会为这开账单给我吗？
In government, a bill is a formal statement of a proposed new law that is discussed and then voted on.议案
She was billed to play the Wicked Queen in "Snow White." 她已被宣布将出演《白雪公主》里狠毒的王后。
If someone is billed to appear in a particular show, it has been advertised that they are going to be in it.宣传 (某人出演某戏)
7、Senate参议院The Senate is expected to pass the bill shortly.预计参议院将很快通过这项议案。
8、security n. 安全；保证；证券；抵押品adj. 安全的；保安的；保密的 Their talk ran upon the problems of social welfare and social security system.他们的谈话涉及社会福利和社会保障制度问题。
9、faulty=shaky摇晃的；不可靠的；不坚定的 If you describe a situation as shaky, you mean that it is weak or unstable, and seems unlikely to last long or be successful. 不牢靠的
If your body or your voice is shaky, you cannot control it properly and it shakes, for example, because you are ill or nervous. (身体、声音) 颤抖的
10、vulnerable adj. 易受攻击的，易受…的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的Someone who is vulnerable is weak and without protection, with the result that they are easily hurt physically or emotionally. 易受伤害的 Old people are particularly vulnerable members of our society. 老人是我们社会中特别容易受到伤害的成员。
11、vulnerability n. 易损性；弱点 Now that we know the basis of an attack, what can we do to protect ourselves from this vulnerability?既然我们知道了攻击的基本知识，那么做些什么才能保护我们自己避免这一脆弱性呢？Vulnerability is a prominent factor of risk. 漏洞是一个突出的风险因素
12、patch n. 眼罩；斑点；碎片；小块土地vt. 修补；解决；掩饰vi. 打补丁
If you have or go through a rough patch, you have a lot of problems for a time.一段艰难时期His marriage was going through a rough patch.他的婚姻正处于一段艰难时期。
A patch on a surface is a part of it that is different in appearance from the area around it. (与周围不同的) 块; 片 There was a small patch of blue in the grey clouds.乌云中透着一小块蓝天。
If you patch something that has a hole in it, you repair it by fastening a patch over the hole. 打补丁He and Walker patched the barn roof.他和沃克修补了那个谷仓的顶。
13、aspirin阿司匹林Aspirin is a mild drug that reduces pain and fever. The nurse dosed out aspirin to a patient. 护士给病人服阿司匹林。 It must be an allergy. Do you have any aspirin? 肯定是过敏了
14、helm n. 舵；舵柄；领导地位；驾驶盘 vt. 指挥；给...掌舵
15、speculation has mounted 据传，据说
16、contend vi. 竞争；奋斗；斗争；争论 vt. 主张；为...斗争
If you have to contend with a problem or difficulty, you have to deal with it or overcome it. 解决 It is time, once again, to contend with racism.又是对付种族主义的时候了。
If you contend that something is true, you state or argue that it is true. 辩称 The government contends that he is fundamentalist.政府辩称他是原教旨主义者。
If you contend with someone for something such as power, you compete with them to try to get it.争夺 (权力等) the two main groups contending for power. …争夺权力的两大主要集团。
17、category-killer 品类杀手 category ['kætɪg(ə)rɪ] n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴
If people or things are divided into categories, they are divided into groups in such a way that the members of each group are similar to each other in some way.种类; 范畴 This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalized autobiography.这本书显然类属自传体小说。
18、contend+观点 note+事实
19、mint money [口语]暴富，获大利，赚大钱，大发其财，迅速致富
20、profit=margin n. 边缘；利润，余裕；页边的空白vt. 加边于；加旁注于
A margin is the difference between two amounts, especially the difference in the number of votes or points between the winner and the loser in an election or other contest. 差数 They could end up with a 50-point winning margin.他们最后可能会以50点的优势获胜。
The margin of a written or printed page is the empty space at the side of the page. 页边的空白 She added her comments in the margin. 她在页边空白处加上了她的评语。
If there is a margin for something in a situation, there is some freedom to choose what to do or decide how to do it. 余地 The money is collected in a straightforward way with little margin for error.这笔钱是直接募集上来的, 几乎没有出错的余地。
The margin of a place or area is the extreme edge of it. 边缘 the low coastal plain along the western margin. …沿着西部边缘地带的低洼海岸平原。
To be on the margins of a society, group, or activity means to be among the least typical or least important parts of it. 非主体部分 Students have played an important role in the past, but for the moment, they're on the margins.学生们过去发挥了重要的作用，但现在，他们不再重要了。
21、revenue n. 税收，国家的收入；收益 Internal Revenue Service美国国税局
Revenue is money that a company, organization, or government receives from people. (公司、组织或政府的) 收入 a boom year at the movies, with record advertising revenue and the highest ticket sales since 1980.电影业欣欣向荣的一年，广告及票房收入都创下1980年以来的最高纪录。
22、exceed vt. 超过；胜过 vi. 超过其他 exceed in在…方面超过
If something exceeds a particular amount or number, it is greater or larger than that amount or number.超过 (数量) Its research budget exceeds $700 million a year.其研究预算每年超过7亿美元。
If you exceed a limit or rule, you go beyond it, even though you are not supposed to or it is against the law.超越 (限制、规定) He accepts that he was exceeding the speed limit. 他承认他当时超过了速限。
23、profitable=lucrative adj. 有利可图的，赚钱的；合算的lucrative job 肥差lucrative profit 暴利
lucrative gig 赚钱的方法 A lucrative activity, job, or business deal is very profitable. 获利丰厚的 Thousands of ex-army officers have found lucrative jobs in private security firms. 成千上万的退役军官在私人保安公司找到了薪水丰厚的工作。
24、novelty n. 新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品
Novelty is the quality of being different, new, and unusual. 新奇
A novelty is something that is new and therefore interesting. 新奇的事物
Novelties are cheap toys, ornaments, or other objects that are sold as presents or souvenirs.新奇的小玩意儿At Easter, we give them plastic eggs filled with small toys, novelties, and coins.在复活节，我们送给他们装有小玩具、新奇的小玩意儿和硬币的塑料蛋。
25、caliber n. [军] 口径；才干；水准（等于calibre）；器量
Perhaps the first thing that students notice about their college is the caliber of their fellow students. 可能学生们对这所大学关注的第一件事就是同学的才干
26、assault An assault by an army is a strong attack made on an area held by the enemy. 猛攻The rebels are poised for a new assault on the government garrisons.叛乱分子作好了对政府卫戍部队的新一轮猛攻的准备。
Assault weapons such as rifles are intended for soldiers to use in battle rather than for purposes such as hunting.用于战争的 (武器)
An assault on a person is a physical attack on them. 袭击The attack is one of a series of savage sexual assaults on women in the university area.这次袭击是一系列在大学区对女性的野蛮性侵犯之一。
To assault someone means to physically attack them.袭击：The gang assaulted him with iron bars.该团伙用铁棒袭击了他。
27、expound 解释 If you expound an idea or opinion, you give a clear and detailed explanation of it. 阐释Schmidt continued to expound his views on economics and politics.施密特继续阐释他关于经济与政治的观点。
Expound on means the same as. 阐释Lawrence expounded on the military aspects of guerrilla warfare.劳伦斯详细阐释了游击战的军事情况。
28、flaw n. 瑕疵，缺点；一阵狂风；短暂的风暴；裂缝，裂纹v. 使生裂缝，使有裂纹；使无效；使有缺陷vi. 生裂缝；变的有缺陷
The only flaw in his character seems to be a short temper.他性格中唯一的缺点似乎就是脾气急躁。
There were, however, a number of crucial flaws in his monetary theory.然而，他的货币理论中有很多关键性的欠缺。
写作
1. Just as an old Chinese proverb says ：Aspire to inspire until I expire! 正如中国一句古老的 谚语：生命不息，奋斗不止！
2. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，但寓意 很深刻苦。
3. The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to tackle this problem. 问题如此严重了，是时候采取有效的措施去解决这个问题了。
4. It is imperative that laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.我们必须制定（work out）并执行一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来解决这些问题。
5. In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious. 在中国环境问题是最严重的。
6. There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。
7. The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owning to the reform and opening-up policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the following one being the foremost.在过去的十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国经济有了巨大的发展，同时也带来了很多问题，其中最重要的是…
成功的品质、环保类、爱心和社会道德、文化交流、科技与传播、偶像崇拜、健康话题、学校话题
作文三段要求：
第一段：描述图画（describe）
①万能开头句：There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。
②图画描述句
step1：确定中心对象在图中所在的位置。 （用完全倒装来表达）（介词短语） （be、exist、lie、run、walk、stand、swim、fly、float （位置的描述：in the middle of the picture、in the sunshine、in the darkness）
step2：描述中心事物，可以从动作和状态进行描述。（非谓语动词，非限定性定语从句）（多个位置并列，多个动作状态并列）
step3：对中心事物周围进行描述，或中心对象某一部分描述（用独立主格进行描述）      配图文字：不处理        处理：（1）用谚语表达  （2）独立主格揉入上一句 如with a line going like this （如图所示 As is shown above）
图画描述练习：
As is shown above, behind the Lost and Found counter sits an old lady, waiting for the owners of the lost article, with lost items put on the shelf behind her, among which are love, responsibility , sympathy, conscience and the like ,used to be valued by all of us.
复数名词，among which are A,B,C，and the like (列举句型) 名词：定语（adj. 分词）
As is shown above, in the river dangerously floats a paper boat, symbolizing moral training, containing some bread and fruit, which is symbolic of safety.
As is shown above, in front of a football, representing unqualified products， stands a man, symbolizing the misleading ads, aiming to shoot the products to the customer, who is almost completely vulnerable.
As is shown above, on the ground and in front of the basin kneels an adult man, putting his hands into the water and washing feet for his aged mother, who is smiling and looking at her dear son, with a line going like this: love for mom starts with caring her feet.
As is shown above, in the middle of the picture happily run a lot of youngsters, rushing to the donate box from all directions, trying to contributing their love to the people in the need of help.
As is shown above, in the middle of the picture and on the road stand a group of people, hesitating to move on, intimidated by three big pits facing them, the fake commodities and medicines and the high price of healthcare.
As is shown above, in the middle of the picture and on the computer screen stands a so-called famous and influence star, hawking a medicine, boasting its magic function and exaggerating that it can cure all diseases, with a caption reading that: celebrity endorsement.
③总结句 Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，但寓意很深深刻。
第二段：阐明含义（interpret）
写作策略： 段落展开： 科学论据法 举例法 虚拟语气法
① 科学论据法:积累一些组织机构的名字（列举数字，后跟一个定于从句修饰）
1、…, suggests a survey.
2、 according to the survey……
例句：每年，北京市民花费在养狗上的费用价值1000000美元，可够日本人吃一年。 According to the latest survey, money spent on pets in the city of Beijing is as much as $100,000,000, which can feed all the Japanese in the world for a whole year.
Money spent on sth is as much as…. Money spent on sth has reached as much as
Money earned/collected/raised is as much as….
②举例法
1···for example, 2···for instance,···
3 take sb for instance，it is -----that helps sb achieve his glorious personal accomplishment and （成就）
虚拟语气法：对论点进行强调
如果没有改革开放的政策，我们就没机会吃到麦当劳和肯德基。
If there were no reform and opening-up policy, we would never taste the McDonald’s or the KFC. 句型：were there no sth, sb would never do sth（通常用于正面主题）
If the situation were to continue as it is, we would pay the high price.
Our future generations would not bother to think of excuses for us. (负面主题)
写作练习:希望工
1. Our society has been filled with a variety of example of love, with the Hope Project being the foremost.我们当今社会与爱心相关的例子很多，希望工程是最有说服力的。
2. Pathetic as they are, people coming from all walks of life began to help them, which is so called Hope Project.尽管他们很可怜，但来自各个行业的人们想他们伸出了援助之手，这就是所谓的希望工程。
3. According to the latest survey, money collected annually has reached as much as about $ 10000000, which can help 3 million children finish their primary school. 根据一项调查，每年希望工程 募集到的资金价值，这些钱可以帮助三百万儿童上学
4. Were there no such precious help, those children would never taste the knowledge and live in the darkness forever.人如果没有这些帮助，那些孩子将永远无法得到宝贵的知识，永远生活在黑暗之中。
第三段：评论、举例（comment、example）
评论：1. 正面话题：第一句：取其精华，去其糟粕。
第二句：如何面对
第三句：展望未来
第一句：It is imperative that the essence be absorbed and the drawbacks be neglected，during this process, especially in the times of knowledge explosions, when the news, facts, opinions even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the word. (万能时间状语)
第二句：In view of the complexity of such an issue, we must treat it socially, economically and culturally.
第三句：Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost.
People can enjoy…….. 主体 can enjoy 对象 （根据文章而定）
2. 负面话题
第一句：背诵句3 （情况很紧急）
第二句：句群（解决方案）
1. 背诵句4（法律）
2. 专家学者想办法：In this issue, researchers, scholar, and experts are expected to work out up-to-date solution to sth.在这个问题上，研究人员，学者和专家应该找出与时俱进的方法来解决它。
3. 大众提升意识： For another thing, the general public is supposed to enhance their awareness that_____另一方面，大众也应该加强意识，切实认识（主题）有害/重要。
第三句：展望未来：可以使用正面话题的句子 总结句
With a proper law and alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things（=the thing）of the past. 伴随着一个恰当的法律和警觉的民众，这个问题迟早可以被解决。 更多句子- - - P62
13. 写作练习：
1. Being=seeming = remaining 2. Symbolic meaning And its like(表达陌生词汇)
Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.
3. The past decade has witnessed a huge development in education owning to some policies being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the above one being the foremost（最重要的）. 可以使用指示性的词表达主体词（陌生的主体词）：代词，such ,one ,the one, the one mentioned above
According to a survey,