小学介词专项练习.doc

小学介词专项练习
一、 时间：
1)in , on，at 在……时
in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。

注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.

at表示表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等在：at seven o’clock, at a quarter past four, at eleven twenty, at noon, at night, at midnight, at this time of year, at the beginning of…, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at this moment等。
1) My father usually goes to work ________ (at, in, on) 8:00.
2) The party will begin ______ (at, in, on) 2:00pm.
表示在早晨，下午，晚上：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.
1) We never go shopping ______ (at, in, on) the evening.
2) I get up at 7:30 _______ (at, in, on) the morning.
表示在具体某一天：on Monday, on Saturday, on Children’s Day, on June 22, 2006, on Teachers’ day
1) Christmas is __________ (at, in, on) December 25th.
2) What is the first lesson（课）________ (at, in, on) Tuesday?
3) Mr. Web will go to Shanghai ______ (at, in, on) Oct. 22nd.
4) He often plays football with his friends _______ (at, in, on) Sunday.
5)   Children don’t go to school _______(at, in, on) New Year’s Day.
“在星期天的早晨”这一类应用on Sunday morning（具体一天早上）
( ) 1. The girl usually practices the piano ________ Saturday morning.
A. on B. in C. at
( ) 2. He left home ___ a cold winter evening.
A. at B. on C. in
表示大约时间(about)：It's about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。

表示一段时间(for)：for two years, (how long)（任何时态）
表示一段时间之后(in)：in two days, (how soon)（将来时）

after + 时间段，常用于过去时：这里的时间段一般不是具体时间，一般不说after three days，而是three days after，但可以说 after a period of time，如：After a while, he came here.
after + 时间点，可用于各种时态：After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。After five, he came here.
一段时间+later/ago，分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”，主要用于过去时态。
after/before+某个时刻，分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。
ago与before：ago只能用于过去时, before用于完成时。
如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故).
Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.
(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家).
Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗？).
After a few years he gave up smoking. (过了几年他戒了烟。)

since+时间点，常用于完成时态：since three days ago，I have lived here since I was ten years old.
until+时间点（特定的时间，某事发生）：直到……为止，在……之前
not until+时间点（特定的时间，某事发生）：直到……才
He didn’t turn up until half an hour later.（半小时后他才出现）
as soon as 一….就
when与while
(1) when既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
(2) when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
(3) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：
When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
They were singing while we were dancing.
(4) when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。如：
The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.
孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。
He is strong while his brother is weak.
他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。

时间相关的固定搭配：
at first 起初；
at last 最后
at present 现在
at the same time 同时
on time 准时地
in time 及时地
at once 立刻；马上
in a minute 立刻
in a hurry 匆忙地

in the end 相当于 at last, finally, 是副词,意思是“最后,最终,终于”如：
In the end, she found the solution to the problem. (最后,她找到了解决这个问题的方法.)
at the end通常后边要跟上其它成分, 即完整的形式是: at the end of sth, 意思是“在...的末尾，在...结束的时候”, 如：
At the end of the month, she finished the task. (在月末的时候,她完成了任务.)

at school 在上课，在上学（=in school 在求学、在上学）
in hospital 住院
at work 上班，在工作
in class 在课堂上
on duty 值日
on holiday 度假

at school表示“在学校、在上学”相对于在家里或在校外，强调所在场所或时间，如：
My son is at school now. He is not at home or somewhere else.
我儿子现在在学校，他不在家，也不在别的地方。
in school “在求学、在上学”相对于有工作，强调主语的身份是学生。如：
My daughter still in school, She doesn’t work.。
我女儿还在上学，她不在工作。
in a / the school “在学校”，不一定指上学。类似的还有：
in hospital “生病住院”
in a / the hospital表“在医院”（工作或探视病人等）
on/during one’s birthday

不加介词的时间短语：
1. next, last, the next, the last 加时间名词做状语时，其前可不用介词。例如：
He is going to meet my parents next week.
下周他要见我的父母。
Who was on duty last week?
上周谁值日？
2. this, that, these, those 构成的时间状语前可不用介词。例如：（time、day例外）
We are going to have a new English book this year.
今年我们将有一本新英语书。
He didn't go back that night.
那晚他没有回来。
3. today, tomorrow, yesterday, the day before yesterday, the night before last, the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。例如：
Who is on duty today?
今天谁值日？
He got up early yesterday.
昨天他起得早。
4. 由 one, any, each, every, some 等构成的时间状语前，可不用介词。例如：
Tom gets up at six every morning.
汤姆每天早晨 6 点钟起床。
You can come to ask me any time you like.
在你方便的时候可以来找我。
5. 以 all 开头的时间状语（如 all the week, all day 等）之前，可以不用介词 for。例如：
She was busy all day yesterday.
她昨天忙了一整天
2)in, after 在……之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；
“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；
“after+将来点时间表示将来的某一时刻以后。
3)from, since 自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。
4)after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示时间；
behind主要用于表示位置。

二、地点位置：
1)at, in, on, to
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”，at the bookstore, at the bookshop, at the cinema, at Disneyland, at the park, at the third crossing, at the bus stop, at the station, at the restaurant. at home
in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。in the classroom, in the room
on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。on the road,
to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”, to the east of China
2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方, 不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方, 与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下，不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.

4)in front of, in the front of在……前面
in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。
There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)
in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。
There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板
Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)
5）beside，behind
beside 表示在……旁边
behind 表示在……后面
3.表运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过，穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关；
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。
4.表示“在……之间”的介词：
between, among
between指在两个人或两个事物之间；
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

on the left和on the right
in和out
near/next to

5.表示其他意义的介词
1) on ,about 关于
on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；
about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
2) by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
3) except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在内；
besides 除……之外，包括在内。
Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

on the radio 在广播中
on TV 在电视上播放
on the Internet在互联网上
on the phone通过电话
on sale 出售；降价出售
on the left/right 在左/右边
on foot 步行
on the way 在路上/in the way 以什么方式

laugh at 嘲笑
learn from 向……学习/ learn about/ learn by / learn to do
look after 照顾
look for 寻找 / look over
think of/think about/think over
worry about 担心
listen to 听
look at 看；注视
talk about 交谈；谈/talk to/talk with
wait for 等候；等
thank for 为……而感谢

3)形容词和介词连用
be afraid of 害怕
be careful with 小心；关心
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be good at 善于
be proud of 感到自豪
in all 总体
be late for 干某事迟到
in English 用英语
be good for 对……有利
in short 总之

4）其他
by+交通工具
by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land…
in bed 躺在床上
lots of/a lot of 许多，大量
in danger 在危险中
in fact 事实上 at least 至少
in order to 为了

( ) 1. Is there a river ______ the house?
A. to B. of C. in D. behind
( ) 2. They’re running _______ the playground.
A. with B. in C. at
( ) 3. Can we eat _______ Guangzhou Restaurant today?
A. to B. of C. at
( ) 4. She studies English ______ Rose School ____ England.
A. at, from B. in, in C. at, in
( ) 5 . A plane is flying ____ the city.
A. on B. over C. above
( ) 6 .There are many apples ___ the tree. A bird ___ the tree is picking an apple.

A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at

1. 有独立意思的：
1）with 和…一起 并列的成分分开使用时用with
I went to the garden ________Tom.
Liu Tao is going to visit his grandpa _______his parents.
with 带有 The boy ________________is David. 那个有着一双大眼睛的是大卫。
The school________________ is over there.
那边的那个学校有34间教室。
The boy ______________________in his hand likes reading.
那个手里拿着一本书的男孩很爱读书。
with 用 Touch your head with your hands
2）of “的”
___________________________________________， 新学期的第一天
________________________ 一张吉姆家人的照片
___________________________________________ 学校的名字
of 量词的运用
___________________________________________ 一杯
3) from ..从，来自, 向
Tom the UK. 汤姆来自于英国。
The students learn English . 学生们从我这里学英语。
4)about 关于（谈话的内容，故事的内容，）
They the weekends. 他们正在谈论周末。
5）on作“关于”讲，表示论题。如： 一本关于收音机的书。
6）like作“像……”解，表示相似。如： 看起来像
7）in表示“穿着”，“戴着”或“用某种语言、材料”等。
如： 穿着红色衣服的女人；
用英语讲； 用墨水
8）as作“作为”解，表示身份。 作为一个老师
9) about(大约), over(\=more than)(多于，超过), below(=less than)(少于，不足)等介词表示“数”
about/ over/ below/ 2,000 people
10) without表示“没有”，“无”。 , there is nothing. 没有水就没有一切。
11) by表示“通过交通工具、手段、通讯方式”等。
如： 乘公共汽车 乘火车
乘飞机 乘船
12). for表示动作的对象或接受者（为、给，对于…）、作为、目的、原因、时间、距离(计、达)。
What will we have ? 我们晚餐吃什么?
Thank you so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。
Watching TV too much your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。
　　I usually do the running in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。
We will stay there . 我们将在那里逗留两天。
Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。
13). on, over, by作“通过”解，表示“途径”。
如： 通过收音机； 通过电视； 乘公共汽车
15) 固定词组：
look for look after on duty look at
listen to of course get sth for sb stay in bed
write an e-mail/a letter to.. talk about…
talk to sb from… to… on foot

一、 选择填空，并把其字母编号写在括号内。
( ) 1. It’s time ______ supper.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
( ) 2. It’s no time ______ school. It’s time ______ go back home.
A. to, for B. to, to C. for, to
( ) 3. Mr Brown comes ______ America.
A. at B. from C. in D. to
( ) 4. What’s this _____ English?
A. in B. at C. on D. under
( ) 5. Sometimes I go to school _____ foot.
A. by B. in C. on D. with
( ) 6. Count （数）____ one _____ ten.
A. from, by B. from, to C. to, to D. at, to
( ) 7.My sister is looking ____ her new shoes now.
A. at B. after C. for D. to
( ) 8. It’s cold outside. Please _____ your warm clothes.
A. put in B. take off C. put on D. put up
( ) 9. The classroom is quite different _____ that one.
A. of B. from C. with D. like
( ) 10. A: Do many children in our class often skate ________ winter?
B: Yes, they usually have fun _______ winter.
A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at
( ) 11. A: Does the autumn start _________ August?
B; Sometimes it does. But usually it starts _______ September.
A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at
( ) 12. I usually play table tennis ________ school.
A. after B. when C. by
( )13. I like summer. Is it cool ______ autumn? What _______ summer? Oh, it is too hot.
A. in, about on B. on, about on C. in, about in
( ) 14. A: Do you listen to the radio _______ a long time?
B: No, I often listen to it ______________ twenty minutes.
A. for, to B. for, for C. to, for
( ) 15. When is May Day? It’s _______ the first of May.
A. on B. in C. at
( ) 16. They will move to the new school ______ next Monday.
A. on B. in C. /
( ) 17. He always goes to school at 7:00 ______ every day.
A. on B. in C. /
( ) 18. She does her homework ______ half an hour every day.
A. in B. for C. /
二、用所给的介词填空。
1. Go straight ahead, the post office is ________ your right.
2. We could buy hamburgers _______ lunch.
3. I help my mother ______ the housework.
4. You can come and have dinner ______ us.
5. I painted a picture _______ horses.
6. Bill is a heavy boy _______ short hair.
7. Adults usually give lucky money to children _______ Spring Festival.
8. It’s a postcard（明信片） __________ the USA.
9. I live _________ the eighth floor.
11. Are you listening ________ me?
12. We usually stay ________ home ______ Saturday afternoon.
13. Shall we meet _______ the gate（大门） _______ the school?
14. Don’t walk _______ the grass.
15. Some children are swimming _______ the river（河）.

三、单项选择。（每小题1分，共10分）
( ) 1. —We have a great meal.
—That _______ nice.
A. sound B. sounds C. soundes
( ) 2. —What’s _______ favourite festival？
—_______ favourite festival is the Lantern Festival.
A. my，Your B. your，My C. your，Your
( ) 7. What do you do _______ Teacher’s Day？
A. at B. in C. on
( ) 8. Have you got a book _______ America？
A. under B. about C. write
( ) 10. I can _______ your pen friend.
A. am B. be C. is
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