八年级英语下册第二单元知识点(2).doc

郑宏家教班之英语篇Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语a sick child 【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为 。4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。 There used to be a cinema here. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料 care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事 【形容词】careful / careless 【副词】carefully 8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day /such an exciting match such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions such delicious food 如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out试用，试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】traveler旅行者11.【复习】be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. 12.【复习】try doing sth. try to do sth. try ones best (to do sth.) 13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 14. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹钱 raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的 在句中做定语和表语： 17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为；think/find it +形容词to do sth. 18. make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth. ，Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】excited意为 ，在句中做 ；exciting意为 ，在句中做 。22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order ， 。23. change【动词】变化，改变Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱 change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 二、重要单词、短语1. several 2.satisfaction 3. understand 4. imagine 5. trainGive短语小结1. give up (doing)2. give out3. give away4. give inUp短语小结1. give up2. clean up3. cheer up4. fix up5. set up6. put up7. get up8. stay up (late)9. come up with10.take up (doing sth.)Out短语小结1. give out2. hand out3. try out4. go out5. eat out6. hang out7. find out8. get out of9. come out三、重点语法动词不定式A. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.B. 作宾语动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。C. 作（后置）定语常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do”“Its time to do sth.”等结构中。D. 作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。 【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。E. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。专项训练题一、选择适当答案。1. _ is difficult to work out the maths problem. A. This B. That C. It D. Its2. We decided _ at the end of this month. A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going3. They have no paper_. A. to writeB. to write with C. write onD .to write on4. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. A. hasB. haveC. to have5. _the computer is a problem. A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to useD. Which to use6. The teacher told us _in bed. A. dont read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read7. The old man was _angry _ say a word. A. so, thatB. as, as C. too, toD. very, to8. Why _home tomorrow? A. not goB. not goingC. not to goD. didnt go9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _? A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it down10. Its cold outside. You had better _ your coat. A. to put onB. putting onC. puts onD. put on二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. It took half an hour _ (get) to the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interesting _ (see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want _ (save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kittys classmate Daniel taught himself how _ (make) a home page.5. Things _ (do) in Beijing. 6. He made the girl _ (cry) yesterday.7. He put his photos on it for everyone _ (look) at.8. Help him _ (put) the photos in the correct order.9. Its time for class. Please stop _(talk).10. Id like _ (go) to the Temple of Heaven.