状语从句讲义(教师版).doc

Adverbial clause

I. What is an adverbial? 什么是状语？
Underline the adverbial of each sentence below.
Eg:①He is writing carefully.
②The baby is very happy.
③You did the job quite well.
④Surely, we will help you.
⑤The concert will be on in the music hall.
⑥The class meeting is held at 3:40, every Monday afternoon.
Note:
1. 在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作程度或状态等的成分叫作状语。
2. 状语通常用副词、介词短语或从句等形式来表现。

II. What is an adverbial clause? 什么是状语从句？
Underline the adverbial and circle the conjunctions of each sentence below.
① While I was walking along the street, I found many beautiful tall buildings.
② ②I shall go to the park unless it rains.
③ If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
④ We must camp where we can get water.
Note: 由从属连词引出的句子作状语叫做状语从句。

Ⅲ. Types of adverbial clause
Adverbial clause of purpose, result, concession, comparison, time, place, reason, condition.

1. Adverbial clause of purpose

so that, so, in order that

Fill blanks with conjunctions above.
(1). I took many photos of China with me in order that/so/ so that I could show people Chinese culture.
(2). Mary lent me this book in order that/so/ so that I could read about a new diet.
Note: 状语从句通常位于句后,目的状语从句表示主句动作的目的
1. 从属连词: so that/ in order that
2. 重点提示:
①We started early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard in order that he can pass the exam.
从句中谓语动词常含情态动词:can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would
②We started early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard in order that he can pass the exam.
状语从句部分必须是完整句: so that/in order that +主语+谓语+(can/could 等+动词原形) +其他
③Paraphrase these sentences by using adverbial clause of purpose
1. We started early in order to catch/so as to catch the first train.
We started early so that we could catch the first train.
2. He studies hard in order to pass/ so as to pass the exam.
He studies hard in order that he could pass the exam.
目的状语从句可与in order to/so as to/to 等转换。

2. Adverbial Clause of Result 结果状语从句
Eg: ①He is so humorous a teacher that we all like him.
②He is such a humorous teacher that we all like him.
Note: 结果状语从句表示主句动作引起的结果
从属连词: so that/…so … that /…such … that/
其表现形式：
Fill in the blanks
⑴He was so excited that he even cries. so +形容词/副词 + that
⑵The boy studied hard so that he passed the exams. so that
⑶He is so humorous a teacher that we all like him. so +形容词 + a / an +单数可数名词
⑷He is such a humorous teacher that we all like him. such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数+that
⑸These are such interesting books that we all like them such+形容词+复数可数名词+that
⑹He gave me such good advice that I could finish it. such +形容词+不可数名词+that
⑺I have so little money that I can’t buy it.
⑻He has so few friends that he feels lonely. 在much/many/few/little前只能用so

如何区分so that 引出的是目的还是结果
They missed the first bus, so that they were late for school. Result
My mother phoned me on arrival so that I knew she was safe and sound. Purpose
a) 根据上下文意思
He went early, so that he got a good seat. Result
He went early so that he could get a good seat. Purpose
b)从句子形式上判断，so that 引出结果状语时,该从句前一般常有逗号。目的状语从句前没有逗号, 而且从句中通常用can/could, may/might, will/would 等情态动词。

3. Adverbial Clause of Concession让步状语从句
Underline the right conjunctions
② Although/Though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.
②Although/Though he is old, yet /still/ × he works day and night.
③I won’t tell him even if /even though he asks me again and again.

从属连词：though/ although/ even if/ even though
重点提示：
让步状语从句表示的是与主句相反的不利条件或因素,但它们并不能阻止主句动作的发生。
不能和but连用，但可以和 yet, still 连用。

4. Adverbial Clause of Comparison比较状语从句
Fill in the blanks
② I hope this book was as good as the one you lent me. 我希望这本书和你借给我的那本一样好。
②No one can be more fit for his job than he can. 没人比他更适合他的工作。
③He can’t run so fast as she does. 他不能跑的像她一样快。
④The more you study, the more you know. 你学习得越多，你知道的就越多。
Note:
从属连词：as…as…/ not so (as)…as…/ than/ the +比较级…the +比较级…/the same as

5. Adverbial Clause of Time 时间状语从句
Underline the adverbial clause of time and circle the conjunctions
① When the fire started last night, I was in bed.
②While the children were watching television, the parents were reading.
③You can get the license as soon as you pass the driving test.
④You have to wait here till (until) the bus comes.

Note:
从属连词：when, as, while, after, before, as soon as, since, till, until, once, whenever等。
注：时间状语从句时态遵循主将从现原则，不能用将来时态，只能用一般时态来表示。

6. Adverbial Clause of Place 地点状语从句
Fill in the blanks
①I found my bag where I had left it.
②He is working where his father worked years ago.
③Wherever he goes, his dog follows him.（不论他去哪里）
④No matter where I hide, my father can always find me out.（不论我藏在哪里）
Note:
从属连词：where/ wherever/ no matter where

7. Adverbial of Reason 原因状语从句
Fill in the blanks
because，since，as

①He didn’t come to school yesterday because he was in hospital.
②They must be home now since the lights in their house are on.
③He went to bed early as he was tired.
Note:
从属连词：because, since, as等
注：
Because 用来说明直接原因，表示因果关系。常放在句尾。
Since表示的原因是稍加分析后推断出来的原因。Since比as更正式，且表示的意味比as强。可以放在句首 也可以放在句尾
As所表示的原因往往比较明显，为大家所公知的理由，可放在句首或句尾。

8. Adverbial clause of condition
Fill in the blanks
①If you pretend not to see him, he will get angry.
②You can’t speak English well unless you practice it every day.
③As long as the weather is fine, we can go on the picnic.
Note:
从属连词： if /unless/ so long as /as long as 等，时态遵循主将从现原则。

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