2009年专八真题及答案.doc

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2009)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY Whilelistening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will needthem to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will begiven two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-fillingtask on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Writing Experimental ReportsI.Content of an experimental report, e.g. - study subject/ area - study purpose - _1_II.Presentation of an experimental report - providing details - regarding readers as _2_III.Structure of an experimental report - feature: highly structured and _3_ - sections and their content:INTRODUCTION _4_; why you did itMETHOD how you did itRESULT what you found out_5_ what you think it showsIV. Sense of readership - _6_: reader is the marker - _7_: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study - tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:nintroduction to relevant areannecessary background informationndevelopment of clear argumentsndefinition of technical termsnprecise description of data _8_V. Demands and expectations in report writing - early stage:nunderstanding of study subject/area and its implicationsnbasic grasp of the reports format - later stage:n_9_ on research significance - things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:ninadequate materialn_10_ of research justification for the studySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Toastmasters was originally set up to train speaking skills. B. Toastmasters only accepts prospective professional speakers. C. Toastmasters accepts members from the general public. D. Toastmasters is an exclusive club for professional speakers.2. The following are job benefits by joining Toastmasters EXCEPT A. becoming familiar with various means of communication. B. learning how to deliver messages in an organized way. C. becoming aware of audience expectations. D. learning how to get along with friends.3. Toastmasters general approach to training can be summarized as A. practice plus overall training. B. practice plus lectures. C. practice plus voice training. D. practice plus speech writing.4. Toastmasters aims to train people to be all the following EXCEPT A. public speakers. B. grammar teachers. C. masters of ceremonies. D. evaluators.5. The interview mainly focuses on A. the background information. B. the description of training courses. C. the requirements of public speaking. D. the overall personal growth.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 arebased on the foUowing news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following is the main cause of global warming? A. Fossil fuel. B. Greenhouse gases. C. Increased dryness. D. Violent storm patterns.7. The news item implies that _ in the last report. A. there were fewer studies done B. there were fewer policy proposals C. there was less agreement D. there were fewer objectivesQuestions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. The cause of the Indian train accident was A. terrorist sabotage. B. yet to be determined. C. lack of communications. D. bad weather.9. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. The accident occurred on a bridge. B. The accident occurred in New Delhi. C. There were about 600 casualties. D. Victims were rescued immediately.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.10. What is the main message of the news item? A. Young people should seek careers advice. B. Careers service needs to be improved. C. Businesses are not getting talented people. D. Careers advice is not offered on the Intemet.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT A We had been wanting to expand our childrens horizons by taking them to a place that wasunlike anything wed been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. Inthinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip toIstanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich. We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones, perhaps to New Delhi or Bangkoklater this year, but thought our 11- and 13-year-olds needed a first step away from manicuredboulevards and pristine monuments. What we didnt foresee was the reaction of friends, who warned that we were putting ourchildren in danger, referring vaguely, and most incorrectly, to disease, terrorism or just theunknown. To help us get acquainted with the peculiarities of Istanbul and to give our children achance to choose what they were particularly interested in seeing, we bought an excellentguidebook and read it thoroughly before leaving. Friendly warnings didnt change our planning, although we might have more prudentlychecked with the U.S. State Departments list of troublespots. We didnt see a lot of childrenamong the foreign visitors during our six-day stay in Istanbul, but we found the tourist areasquite safe, very interesting and varied enough even to suit our son, whose oft-repeated request isthat we not see every single church and museum in a given city. Vaccinations werent needed for the city, but we were concemed about adapting to thewater for a short stay. So we used bottled water for drinking and brushing our teeth, a precautionthat may seem excessive, but we all stayed healthy. Taking the advice of a friend, we booked a hotel a 20-minute walk from most of Istanbulsmajor tourist sites. This not only got us some morning exercise, strolling over the KarakoyBridge, but took us past a colorful assortment of fishermen, vendors and shoe shiners. From a teenager and pre-teens view, Istanbul street life is fascinating since almosteverything can be bought outdoors. They were at a good age to spend time wandering thelabyrinth of the Spice Bazaar, where shops display mounds of pungent herbs in sacks. Doing thiswith younger children would be harder simply because the streets are so packed with people; itwould be easy to get lost. For our two, whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mallboutiques, it was amazing to discover that you could bargain over price and perhaps end up withtwo of something for the price of one. They also learned to figure out the relative value of theTurkish lira, not a small matter with its many zeros. Being exposed to Islam was an important part of our trip. Visiting the mosques, especiallythe enormous Blue Mosque, was our first glimpse into how this major religion is practiced. Ourchildrens curiosity already had been piqued by the five daily calls to prayer over loudspeakersin every corner of the city, and the scarves covering the heads of many women. Navigating meals can be troublesome with children, but a kebab, bought on the street or inrestaurants, was unfailingly popular. Since we had decided this trip was not for gourmets, kebabsspared us the agony of trying to find a restaurant each day that would suit the adults desire to trysomething new amid childrens insistence that the food be served immediately. Gradually, webranched out to try some other Turkish specialties. Although our son had studied Islam briefly, it is impossible to be prepared for everyawkward question that might come up, such as during our visits to the Topkapi Sarayi, theOttoman Sultans palace. No guides were available so it was do-it-yourself, using our guidebook,which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that a professional guide couldprovide. Next time, we resolved to make such arrangements in advance. On this trip, we wandered through the magnificent complex, with its imperial treasures, itscourtyards and its harem. The last required a bit of explanation that we would have happily lefto a learned third party.11. The couple chose Istanbul as their holiday destination mainly because A. the city is not too far away from where they lived. B. the city is not on the list of the U.S. State Department. C. the city is between the familiar and the exotic. D. the city is more familiar than exotic.12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. The family found the city was exactly what they had expected. B. Their friends were opposed to their holiday plan. C. They could have been more cautious about bringing kids along. D. They were a bit cautious about the quality of water in the city.13. We learn from the couples shopping experience back home that A. they were used to bargaining over price. B. they preferred to buy things outdoors. C. street markets were their favourite. D. they preferred fashion and brand names.14. The last two paragraphs suggest that to visit places of interest in Istanbul A. guidebooks are very useful. B. a professional guide is a must. C. one has to be prepared for questions. D. one has to make arrangements in advance.15. The family have seen or visited all the following in Istanbul EXCEPT A. religious prayers. B. historical buildings. C. local-style markets. D. shopping mall boutiques.TEXT B Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming demographic cliff will see vast numbers ofskilled workers dispatched from the labour force. The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers agedbetween 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 willdecrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share inthe world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased bymore than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35- to 44-year-olds decline by 10%. Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a loomingproblem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before theyhave handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey ofhuman-resources directors by IBM last year concluded: When the baby-boomer generationretires, many companies will find out too late that a careers worth of experience has walked outthe door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void. Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defence, for example, as much as40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. Atthe same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline. A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlierthis year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying inBeverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to workfor his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed worldtomorrow? If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace toolder workers. The AARP, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list ofthe best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because theyare one of the industries most in need of skilled labour. Other sectors similarly affected, says theConference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government. Near the top of the AARPs latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsenseindustrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deeres 46,000 employees areover 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that - flexibleworking, telecommuting, and so forth - also coincidentaUy help older workers to extend theirworking lives. The company spends a lot of time on the ergonomics of its factories, makingjobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer. Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the worlds most advancedmanufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labouravailable to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMWrecently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.Needs must when the devil drives. Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retiredpeople for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000registered alumni, and about 25% of its experienced new recruits are former employees whoreturn after an absence. But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young foundthat although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, itis not dealing with the issue. Almost three-quarters of the 1,400 global companies questionedby Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to fiveyears. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer arelooking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe an