仁爱英语八年级下册知识点梳理.doc

八年级下册课本知识点梳理Unit 5How are you doing? =How are you? 你怎么样？Guess what? 你猜怎么着？invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事a ticket to The Sound of Music 一张音乐之声的电影票one of（+形容词最高级）+复数名词 “（最的）之一”spend, pay, cost和take四个词表示花费的用法:某人 spend 时间/金钱 on 某物 I spent 10 dollars on this book.某人 pay 金钱 for 某物 I paid 10 dollars for this book.某物 cost 某人 金钱 常用句型： It cost/costs sb. some money to do sth.某事 takes 某人 时间 常用句型：It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.注意：spend和pay的主语是人，而cost和take的主语是物。然后再思考每个词的搭配。最后注意cost花费的是金钱，而take花费的是时间。spend除了表示花费，还表示度过的意思。prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物say thanks to sb. 对某人表示感谢；向某人道谢on ones way here/there/home on ones way to +地点名词be able to 能够What a pity! 真遗憾！本单元重点是be动词或感官动词加形容词构成的洗标结构。回顾学过的感官动词：feel, sound, smell, taste, look, seem4个表示变化的系动词：become, go, get, turnWhats the matter with sb.? 某人怎么了？Which movie do you like best? = Whats your favorite movie?注意类似exciting-excited, interesting-interested, surprising-surprised 的区别：-ing翻译为“令人的”， 而-ed翻译为“感到的”， 所以-ing修饰的是物， 而-ed修饰的是人。care for sb./ look after sb./ take care of sb. 照顾某人because of +短语 because+句子teach sb.（to do）sth. 教某人（做）某事perform plays 表演话剧cheer sb. up 使某人振作start at 在开始at first 首先，起初begin with 以开始come into being 形成，产生has a history of years 有年的历史be full of 充满agree with sb. 同意某人make peace with sb. 与某人和平相处used to +动词原形 过去常常做某事be popular with sb. 受到某人的欢迎be interested in sth. 对某物感兴趣at the end of 在的结尾in the end= at last 最后Anything wrong? 出什么事了？Im sorry to hear that. 听到那个我很抱歉。seem to be She seems to be a student. 她似乎是个学生。do badly in 在某事中做得差do well in 在某事中做得好 （= be good at）be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格talk with/to sb. about sth. 和某人谈论某事be worried about 担心fail the exam 考试失败why dont you +动词原形= why not +动词原形 “为什么不呢？”(表示提建议)at your age 在你的年纪make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友by the way 顺便问一下，顺便说一声I find it difficult to learn English well. （it 做形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式）How time flies! 时光飞逝!Whats more 并且，而且as as 像一样（同级之间的比较，两个as之间夹形容词或副词的原形）not as/so as 不如 (可转化成含有比较级的句子)Lucy is as beautiful as Lily. Lucy isnt as beautiful as Lily.Tom runs as fast as Bill. Tom doesnt run so fast as Bill.either or 或者或者 （遵循就近原则）， either是否定句中的“也”I dont like him, either. 我也不喜欢他。遵循就近原则的几个固定搭配：either or; neithernor, not only but also, there beWith the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下get/be used to (+v-ing) sth 习惯于(做)某事be afraid to do sth.= be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事best wishes to sb. 给某人最好的祝愿deal with sth. 处理，解决某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事instead of 而不是instead 取而代之的是be angry with sb. 生某人的气even though 尽管Its useless to do sth. 做某事是没用的not any longer = no longer= no more = not any more 不再by oneself = on ones own 由某人自己give a speech 做演讲listen to 听be confident about sb. 对某人有信心in a good/bad mood 心情好/坏do sth for sb. 为某人做某事What/How about +doing 做某事怎么样？be proud of sb. 以某人为骄傲put on 穿上，戴上；上演(put on a short play)get ready for sth 为某事做好准备Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节get together with sb. 与某人团聚fill with 充满be crowded with sb./sth. 挤满某人/某物have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难some day 某天 calm down 冷静，镇静such as 例如It is +形容词（+ for sb. ）+ to do sth. 对于某人来说，做某事是的。remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事take part in 参加in trouble 处于困境中，陷于麻烦中call sb. at +电话号码 拨打某人的电话.Unit 6go on a trip 去旅行three-day visit 三天的旅行It takes/took/ will take sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式)make a decision 做一个决定 make the decision 做决定tooto 太而不能find out 找出，查清楚，弄明白the cost for（doing）sth. (做)某事的花费over the phone 通过电话decide on sth. 决定某事the best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方式plan to do sth. 计划做某事start out 出发by train/bus/plane 乘坐would like to do 想要做某事tickets to Mount Tai 到泰山的票at +价格 I bought this dress at $50.book a train ticket 预订一张火车票raise money 筹钱think of 认为，想出serve sth. to sb. 用某物招待某人 （=serve sb. with sth.）Spring/Summer/Fall/Winter is the best time to do sth. 春/夏/秋/冬是做某事的好时候places of interest 名胜古迹help sb.（to）do sth. 帮助某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事Im looking forward to hearing from you. 期待着你的来信。（写信时最好用上这个句子）look forward to doing 期待着做某事hear from sb. 收到某人的来信leave/left for +地点 动身去某地，for后面接的是要去的地方，而不是离开的地方On the third day of our trip 在我们旅行的第三天sothat 如此以至于enjoy (doing) sth. 喜欢做某事While A was doing sth., B was doing sth. 当A在做某事的时候，B在做某事。On vacation 在度假How about/What about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？be busy doing 忙于做某事come along with sb. 与某人一起work out 算出in the center of 在的中心from south to north 从南到北Monument to the Peoples Heroes 人民英雄纪念碑be meaningful to sb. 对某人有意义cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事cant help doing 情不自禁要做某事cant help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事How far is it from A to B? A到B地有多远？arrive at +小地点arrive in +大地点have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣obey/break the traffic rules 遵守/打破交通规则save energy 节约能源get a fine 得到罚款，收到罚单be good for 对有好处share A with B 与B一起分享Apay attention to 注意，留心traffic signals 交通信号safety rules 安全准则in case of 以防，万一，假使first aid 急救call sb. for help 打电话向某人求助in a word= in short= all in all 总而言之lend sth to sb. 把某物借给某人empty into 注入Unit 5& Unit 6 重要语法点：状语从句在这两个单元里，最重要的语法是系动词加形容词构成的系表结构，原因状语从句，不定式在句子中做主宾表定状补语，最重要的是时间状语从句和条件状语从句。一定切实理解并掌握“主将从现”四个字。时间状语从句的引导词：when, while, as, until, notuntil, before, after, as soon asEg: I will stay here until she comes back.I wont leave until she comes back.I will go with her when she leaves.I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.条件状语从句的引导词：if，unlessEg: We wont go to climb the mountain if it rains tomorrow.If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to climb the mountain.She wont come back from the market unless she gets enough things.Unit 7know about 了解turn to sb.= turn to sb. for help= ask sb. for help 向某人求助get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系lose in touch with sb. 与某人失去联系think about 思考think over 仔细思考think of 认为try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事have a sweet tooth 爱吃甜食enough的用法：名前形副后，注意到底是用形容词还是副词与enough搭配decide to do sth. 决定做某事thank you for doing sth. 谢谢你做某事regret(遗憾)，forget（忘记），remember（记得）三个词用法一致：regret to do:遗憾得去做某事； regret doing: 遗憾做了某事forget to do: 忘记要去做某事； forget doing: 忘记做过某事remember to do: 记得要去做某事； remember doing: 记得做过某事这三个词后面都可以接that引导的宾语从句。instead of : 代替，而不是。接动词的话要用动词的ing形式。play for:效力于，为打比赛play against: 与对打；与某个队打比赛fight for: 为而战fight against: 与作斗争，与对抗as a result 结果with no roofs and walls= without roofs and wallsWell done! 做得好！add sth. to sth: 把某物加入某物里cooked meat 熟肉 boiled water: 开水 boiling water: 正在沸腾的水描述做一件事情的步骤：First，next，then, finally。在描述做一件事情的过程当中，肯定要用到很多动词，可以运用适当的副词来修饰这些动词。mind doing :介意做某事 mind not doing: 介意不做某事Would you mind teaching me? 你介意教我吗？Would you mind not making so much noise? 你能不制造这么多噪音吗？cut up: 切碎 cut A into B: 把A切成Blearn sth. from sb. 从某人处学习某物learn to do:学习做某事Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。do sth for the first time: 第一次做某事table manners: 餐桌礼节Start with: 以开始eat up: 吃光drink to sb./sth. 向某人祝酒，为某事祝酒remember not to do: 记得不要做某事finish doing: 完成做某事eating habits:饮食习惯be far away from:远离pick up: 捡起；接某人at the same time: 同时Enjoy yourselves!= Have a good time!for sale: 供出售 on sale: 廉价销售everyone/everybody做主语，谓语动词记得用单数。May I take your order? 可以点餐了吗？May I have the bill, please? 我可以结账了吗？by phone: 通过电话How are you doing?= How are you?go well: 进展顺利be worth doing: 值得做某事 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。Best wishes to you! 给你最好的祝愿！in a right way: 用正确的方式Its said that: 据说not only but also:注意就近原则；not only后面如果是一个句子，该句子应倒装，即变为疑问句。Eg: He is not only a teacher, but also a singer.=Not only is he a teacher, but also he is a singer.He likes not only English, but also math.= Not only does he like English, but also he likes math.Unit 8fashion show: 时装秀感叹句结构： What（a/an）+形容词+名词（+主语+谓语）！ What a nice coat! What fine weather! How +形容词（+主语+谓语）！ How nice the coat is !one做代词：She has a blue dress, while I have a red one.What do you think of them?= How do you like them?so that: 以便 （可以和in order to做句型转换）She gets up early so that she can catch the train.= She gets up early in order to catch the train.What size 问尺码 What size is your shirt?such that 和sothat的区别：正如在感叹句中what修饰名词而how修饰形容词或副词一样，such跟what一样，修饰名词；so跟how一样，修饰形容词或副词。Such修饰单数可数名词，其后要有a/an.She is so kind that everyone likes her.She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.The windbreaker is so cool that you should buy it at once.Its such a cool windbreaker that you should buy it at once.“建议” : advice:不可数名词，可用some修饰；suggestion：可数名词be good at: 擅长于，可与do well in做同义句转换。be made of :由制成（可看出原材料） be made from :由制成（不可看出原材料）protect sb. from sth. 保护某人免受某物的伤害The sunglasses can protect our eyes from the sun light.As the saying goes :正如俗语说的Not really. 不完全是。depend on: 依靠，依赖，取决于survey sb. about sth. 关于某事调查某人take off: 脱下；起飞在的场合，介词用on:on every occasion: 在每个场合 on different occasions: 在不同的场合 on special occasions: 在特殊的场合Japanese people wear kimonos for formal occasions. 日本人为正式的场合穿和服（注意介词）stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事in the daily life: 在日常生活中in fact: 事实上at Christmas: 在圣诞期间as well as: 也，和，还主谓一致：当主语后面用with, together with, along with, as well as连接其他人称时，这些词后面的人称不是主语，它们只是伴随状语。Tom as well as Lucy likes English. (Tom是主语，Lucy不是主语，是伴随状语)Tom with his parents likes China. (Tom是主语，his parents不是主语，是伴随状语)another表泛指，后面常加数词再加名词。 如：another three students以here和there开头的句子要倒装，如果原主语是名词，就用完全倒装。如果原主语是代词，就用部分倒装。完全倒装： Here come the models! There goes the bell!部分倒装： Here he comes!他来了！ Here they are! 他们在这儿！She is in a red coat.= She wears a red coat.be full of: 充满be known to sb. : 被某人所知well-known意思等同与famousbe famous for sth.= be well-known for sth.: 因为某物而著名be famous as= be well-known as: 作为而著名遵循就近原则的词组：eitheror, neither nor , not onlybut also; there be 句型Not only Tom but also I am a student. Either we or he is right. 我们或者他是对的。Neither he nor we are right. 他和我们都是不对的。There is a book and two pens on the desk.be different from: 与不同in the past 在过去at one time=once 曾经Unit 7& Unit 8重要语法点：宾语从句宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称为宾语从句。宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。一宾语从句的引导词根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用, 没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 二. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting. 三. 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。 如： I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? I dont know whether he will come or not.2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态用一般现在时, 不用管主句的时态。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 更多例子：I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。Im afraid (that) you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。I think he will be all right in a few days. 我想他几天就会好了。I hope that youll be better soon. 我希望你很快康复。I dont think (that)you are right. 我认为你不对。I didnt think he was wrong yesterday. 我认为他昨天没错。The teacher told me (that) the earth is round. 老师告诉过我，地球是圆的。9