【顶尖学案】高考英语Unit19Language北师大版选修7.doc

2012届高考英语顶尖学案：北师大版 Unit 19Language语言核心词汇1I asked the photographer to _(放大)the picture.2You have my g_that Ill finish the job on time.3The doctor gave me _(详尽的)instructions on when and how to take the medicine.4He worked all summer to save money for the p_of a piano.5Martin thought that he had no _(足够的)proof.6She was not beautiful；she did not _(像，类似)her mother.7Peace n_are still going on but the government seems not like to n_ with the terrorists.8The plan had the a_of the school authorities.9It is e_that our streets are so dirty but someone doesnt think it a real e_.1enlarge2.guarantee3.explicit4.purchase5.adequate6.resemble7.negotiations；negotiate8.approval9.embarrassing；embarrassment高频短语1_使走在前面，获得进步2_ 以的形式出现(存在)3_ 学会4_ 很久；很长时间5_ 由组成6_ 不管，不顾7_ 如果；条件是8_ 我肯定9_ 与有联系10_ 突出；出色；坚持抵抗11_ 记住12_ 故意地13_ 遵守；遵循1get ahead2.take the form of3.catch on4.for ages5.consist of6.regardless of7.provided that 8I bet9.be associated with10.stand out11.keep.in mind12.on purpose13.keep to重点句式1_as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在18世纪就有人预测英语将会成为世界语言，而这一预言在最近几十年中得到了证实。2_they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.这就意味着他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。3This can _reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。4_so they can help motivate you as well.把你的目标告诉朋友，他们也能给予你鼓励。5_，you need to keep in mind why you are learning English.为了能矢志不渝，你有必要记住为什么在学英语。6Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see _a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.人高兴时跳起来很容易被看到，而眉毛挑起表示怀疑却不易被人看到。7Thirdly，you say that there is a discount _I pay in advance.第三，你们说我如果提前付费的话就可以打折优惠。8_almost a million litres of oil into the sea.据认为有将近一百万升的石油泄漏到海水中。1It was predicted 2.What this means is that3.take the form of4.Inform a friend of your targets 5.To stay dedicated6.while7.provided that8.It is believed to have leaked知识详解1 .absencen不存在；缺席；缺乏(回归课本P6)However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.然而，没有英语语言环境，学习英语是非常难的。归纳拓展例句探源(朗文P5)We were worried by the absence of definite figures in the report.报告里缺少具体数字，这使我们担心。(朗文P5)In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder.由于缺乏更确实的证据，警方破不了这宗谋杀案。(朗文P5)How many students are absent from class today?今天有多少学生缺席？1He will not be set free unless he provides sufficient_that shows he is innocent.Apresence BevidenceCabsence Dpatience解析：选B。考查名词辨析。句意：除非他提供能证明他无罪的充分证据，否则他是不会获得自由的。evidence表示“证据，证明”，符合语意要求。2 .surroundvt.环绕，围绕(回归课本P6)Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.一些备受推崇的关于语言习得的理论相信，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。 归纳拓展例句探源(朗文P1555)She was sitting on the floor surrounded by books.她坐在地板上，周围都是书。Every time Obama appears，he is always surrounded by reporters.每次奥巴马出现，他总会被记者包围。2用surround的适当形式填空(1)They lived in a house_by trees，which created the most pleasant_in the world.答案：surrounded；surroundings(2)The factory and the_area was polluted seriously.答案：surrounding3 .adequateadj.足够的；充分的；胜任的(回归课本P6).they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.他们确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。归纳拓展例句探源The space available is not adequate for our needs.现有的空间不能满足我们的需要。(牛津P24)The adequacy of the security arrangements has been questioned.有人质疑安全措施是否充分。易混辨析adequate，enough，sufficient，ample(1)adequate表示足够的程度比后三者低，表示“刚够；刚好”，有不多不少正合适的意思。“足够”的程度：(2)它们都可用在名词之前表示数量。We had adequate/enough/sufficient/ample money for the journey.我们有足够的钱去旅行。另外，如果仅谈论数量，不要用adequate，因为它表示“足够好的；符合要求的；能胜任的”意思 ，以免造成歧义。(牛津P2020)These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban.There was ample time to get to the airport.(牛津P24)He didnt give an adequate answer to the question.3Considering he is _for the job，we hired him.AadequateBsufficientCabundant Denough解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。adequate 足够的，充分的，符合要求的，可以胜任的；sufficient (数量/质量)令人满意的，适当的，充分的，足够的；abundant 大量的，丰富的；enough 足够的。句意：考虑到他能胜任这项工作，我们雇用了他。根据句意选A。4 .ensurevt.确保，保证(回归课本P6)Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。归纳拓展(2010年高考上海卷)Every few years，the coal workers have their lungs Xrayed to ensure their health.每隔几年，当地的煤矿工人都要进行X光检查以确保他们的身体健康。We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.我们可以保证把工作做好。This pill will ensure you a good nights sleep.这颗药一定会使你晚上睡个好觉。例句探源4Careful planning and hard work will _our final success.Aenclose BensureCassure Dsure解析：选B。句意：精心规划和勤奋工作能确保我们最终成功。enclose表示“把围起来”；assure搭配不对；sure为形容词，不作谓语动词，所以只有B项正确。5 .adjustvi.& vt.调整，调节；使适合，使适应(回归课本P6)Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.观看你喜爱的一张光盘，但要把你熟悉的部分的语言调换成英语。归纳拓展He had no problems in adjusting to the new school.他在适应新学校方面没有问题。Some of the staff found it hard to adjust to all the changes in technology and working methods.有些员工发现很难适应技术和工作方式的所有变化。例句探源易混辨析adapt，fit，adjust这三个词都可作“适应”讲。其区别是：(1)adapt指“只作细微的修改或变动，就能使自己适应新的环境或条件”，常与介词for，to连用。(2)fit多指某物的形状、大小、尺寸适合某人或某物，常与in，into连用。(3)adjust多指机械和仪器方面的严格调整，借正确的判断或熟练的技术使两者相配合。也可指人或其他生物改变原有的生活方式适应新的环境。(着重指环境)The book is adapted for beginners.This pair of trousers doesnt fit me well.It took several seconds for his eyes to adjust to the dark.5You cant see through a telescope unless it is correctly_ to your sight.AadaptedBadoptedCadjusted Dadded解析：选C。四个词极易混淆：adapt表示“使适应”；adopt表示“采用；收养”；add表示“增加”，均不符合语境中的“望远镜被调整好”。只有adjust“调整，调节”符合句意，故选C。6 .informvt.告知；通知；了解(回归课本P6)Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.把你的目标告诉朋友，这样他们也能激励你。归纳拓展(牛津P1046)We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻地了解。The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time.销售部经理让他手下的人把有关销售的一切情况及时报告给他。例句探源6完成句子(1)他说他会告诉我公司里每天发生的事情。He said he would _ _ _ _ the things that happened in the company every day.答案：keep me informed of(2)他把你的决定告诉了我。He _ me _your decision.答案：informed；of7 .resemblevt.像；与相似(回归课本P10)They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human.他们也可能交叉双臂，走起路来像机器人一样笨拙，而不像人。归纳拓展(朗文P1947)What happens in the film bears little resemblance to what actually happened.电影里发生的事和现实生活几乎没有相似之处。She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.她和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。例句探源7. Soldiers are trained under conditions that closely _real army inspection of PRC on National Day in Beijing.Asimilar BresembleClike Dcompare解析：选B。句意：战士们正在北京接受训练，其情形与中华人民共和国国庆阅兵十分相似。空格处应该使用动词，所以首先排除A项，C、D两项不合语意。8 .transparentadj.透明的，显然的，易懂的(回归课本P10)Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words，it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.因此身体语言能够使人们的感情更加外露，因为尽管我们能用语言来掩饰我们的感受，但用身体语言并不那么容易。归纳拓展例句探源The insects wings are almost transparent.这昆虫的翅膀几乎是透明的。He is a man of transparent honesty.他显然是个很诚实的人。易混辨析transparent，explicit(1)transparent作“透明的”讲时，指玻璃、塑料等物质可以看透；作“显然的”讲时，主要指借口、谎言等；作“易懂的”讲时，主要指语言、信息等。(2)explicit主要指声明、规则等“清楚明确的”，还可作“详尽的，明确的”讲。He avoids the explicit answer to us.The water was so transparent that we could see the fish clearly.8The students dont want their windows_so that they wont be disturbed.AtransparentBcleanCclear Dlight解析：选A。句意：学生们不想使窗户透明，因为他们不想被打扰。transparent“透明的”。9 .catch on 学会；理解；变得流行(回归课本P131)The more you hear different accents，the easier it is to catch on.你听的不同的口音越多，你就越容易理解它(的意思)。归纳拓展I had to repeat the joke before he finally caught on.我把笑话重复了一遍他才理解。The new dance quickly caught on among the students.这套新舞蹈很快在学生中流行了起来。We should praise those students who have later caught up and made progress.我们应该表扬那些后来赶上来并取得进步的学生。例句探源9完成句子(1)He invented an electric car，but it never really _ _(流行起来)答案：caught on(2)The salesman scolded _ _ _ _(偷东西被抓住的小女孩)and let her off.答案：the girl caught stealing10 .stand out引人注目，显眼，突出；杰出(回归课本P6)In todays world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead.在当今世界，你能讲包括英语在内的一门以上的语言，就标志着你与众不同，比其他人进步。归纳拓展高效记忆例句探源(朗文P1498)The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.新路标容易辨认，上面的字很醒目。To stand out，we painted the wall red.为了醒目，我们把墙刷成红色。10I hate everything that the party_.Astands forBstands byCstands out Dstands up解析：选A。句意为“我讨厌那个党所主张的一切”。stand for相当于support sth.(an idea or opinion)；stand by袖手旁观；stand out显眼，引人注目；stand up站起来。11Didnt anyone _James and say it wasnt his fault?Astand up for Bmake up forCstand up Dstand for解析：选A。考查短语辨析。stand up for 支持；make up for 补偿；stand up 站立；stand for 代表。11 .keep to 遵守；遵循，按行事；坚持(做某事)(回归课本P9).we have to keep to the timetable，sir.先生，我们必须遵守时间表。例句探源He always keeps to his promise.他总是遵守诺言。Once having made a plan，you should keep to it.一旦制订了计划，你就要按计划行事。Keep to it！You must not stop till the job is finished.坚持！在工作完成前，你一定不能停下。12完成句子In the sports field，every player should_ _ _ _(遵守规则)答案：keep to the rules12 .take the form of 以形式呈现(出现)(回归课本P6)This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。归纳拓展The main staircase was in the form of a big“S”主楼梯呈大“S”形。The training programmes take the form of a series of performances.培训课程采取一系列的表演形式。The H1N1 flu takes the form of higher fever and sickness for several days.甲流以高烧并且恶心多日的形式表现出来。例句探源13完成句子(1)This is a story told _ _ _ of (以的形式呈现)letters.答案：in the form(2)They were both _ _ _(精神很好)at dinner.答案：in good form14John is not _today；he put up a very poor show in that last match.Ain form Bin controlCin order Din a mess解析：选A。句意：约翰今天竞技状况不佳，在最后那场比赛中打得很不好。in form竞技状况/健康状况良好；in control在控制中；in order有秩序；in a mess混乱不堪，只有A项符合语义要求。句型梳理1【教材原句】This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of_the_highest_quality.(P6)它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。【句法分析】of the highest quality属“of抽象名词”结构，常在句中作表语。这样的抽象名词包含两类：(1)“of抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value，use，importance，help，interest，benefit，honour，courage，fame，ability，nature，beauty，wealth等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。This question is of importance.This question is important.这个问题很重要。Each hour，each minute，each second is of great value for us.Each hour，each minute，each second is very valuable for us.每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们都很宝贵。(2)“of抽象名词”没有相应的形容词形式，为了表明主语的这类特征，我们只能用“be of抽象名词”的形式代替“be形容词”结构。这类名词包括size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，kind，price，type，shape，way等。注意，这类名词的单复数根据具体的情况而定，也可在其前加冠词。The products are of firstrate quality.这些产品的质量是一流的。Mr.Smith，my teacher，is of the same opinion.Mr.Smith，my teacher，has the same opinion.史密斯先生，我的老师，也持同样的观点。15The two boys are_.Asame weight and ageBof same weight and ageCthe weight and ageDof the same weight and age解析：选D。此题考查be ofage/weight结构，其中same前必须加the。16Youll find this map of great_in helping you to get round London.ApriceBcostCvalue Dimportance解析：选C。此处为“be of抽象名词”句型。句意：你会发现当你在伦敦旅游时这张地图大有用处。A、B两项不合句意，D项为不可数名词，意为“重要性”；value为抽象名词，意为“用处，价值”。2【教材原句】Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.(P12)第三，你们说我如果提前付费的话就可以打折优惠。【句法分析】此句中的provided that为连词，引导条件状语从句，相当于on condition that/so long as。在英语中类似的连词还有：Provided that its fine tomorrow，Ill go fishing with you.如果明天天气好，我就和你去钓鱼。Well buy everything you produce，provided of course the price is right.当然了，倘若价格合适，我们将采购你们的全部产品。【温馨提示】类似表达：as/so long as；only if；on condition that. 都表示条件。17完成句子You can use my car_ /_ _ _ _ _(只要你开车小心)答案：provided/providing that you drive carefully作文指导提纲式作文【体裁导航】提纲式写作也是情景作文的一种，是通过给出段落提纲或者给出关键词语、短语等提示的一种“引领”性的写作。无论是英语的段落主旨句、提纲提示，还是汉语的词组或短语等引导写作思路，进行习作时，毕竟减少了审题环节，也不用谋篇布局、重组语序，所以，在写作练习的初级阶段，这种习作形式尤其受到师生的欢迎。做这类写作题要特别注意以下三点：1要按照所提供的“纲”的思路而写；2要考虑提供的各“点”之间该用什么样的连接词、连接句，以及上下句之间的关系；3看有无题目要求，有无词数限制，有无逻辑悖理现象(观点不要悖理或前后矛盾)。总之，能做到循“纲”蹈“句”、“纲举目张”，此类写作便能顺利完成。【写作示例】学校即将举行以“Turning a bad mood(心情)into a good one”为题目的英语作文比赛，请按下列要求写一篇120150词的记叙文或议论文。记叙文：【写作要领】一、审题1体裁：题目中已明确给出可以写记叙文也可以写议论文。2时态和人称：如果写记叙文，应是结合过去发生的事件来说明怎样有一个好的心情，所以应用过去时态和第一人称。如果写议论文，则应该用现在时态和第三人称。二、谋篇1记叙文的篇章结构应为：Para.1：描述过去发生的一件令人心情不好的事情以及由此产生的不良情绪。Para.2：讲述如何从坏心情转至好心情的。2议论文的篇章结构为：Para.1：提出问题：好心情的重要性。Para.2：分析问题：产生坏心情的原因。Para.3：解决问题：调整心情的方法。三、注意事项提纲作文虽然给出了写作的要点，但要点非常简略，因而还需要对要点进行丰富和拓展。【范文点评】Turning a bad mood into a good oneAt the end of the last semester，I got a C in the English examination.When I knew the result，I couldnt hold back my tears.My mood was terrible and I thought the world was coming to an end.I feared to see my English teacher and I thought my classmates would laught at me.My parents werent satisfied with me and maybe they would scold me.So I even wanted to leave my school and family.But after a while，I found I was wrong for I came to realize “Failure is the mother of success”What I should do was to find the reason why I got so bad a result.And I thought this was a lesson to me and it helped me to find my shortcomings.Maybe it could help me to improve my English.So my bad mood turned into a good one.点评：1文章标题，不要遗漏本段为造成心情不佳的事件以及造成的影响，具体如下：(1)言简意赅地点明导致心情不佳的事件。(2)为具体心情不佳的表现。(3)为导致心情不佳的心理原因。(4)为心情不佳造成的影响想离家(学校)出走。(5)综上所述，整个事件的叙述娓娓道来，语意连贯，步步深入。2本段为“我的心情是如何由坏变好的”。具体过程如下：意识到“失败是成功之母”自我反省吸取教训提升英语心情变好。3本文作者心情由坏变好的原因就是“自我反思，不放弃，继续努力”。当然也可以借助外力，如老师、父母的教导，书中的某一句话等都可以成为心情变好的原因。【类题尝试】(2011年山东潍坊质检)假如你是李华，你们学校最近开展了创建“平安校园”的活动。你们班为此组织主题班会，请你用英语写一篇