初中英语八大时态讲解及练习全.doc

一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词； 行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句： 把be动词放于句首； 用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如：He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀：I用am，you用are，is用于她他它，单数名词用is，复数名词都用are)二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如：Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。The bread is very small. 那面包很小。六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如：6 is a lucky number. 6是个吉利数字。【练习】一、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ;listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming7 _she_(do) the housework every day8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般过去时的结构（可分三类不同的结构） 1.Be动词的一般过去时 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were 肯定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + 其它. 否定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它. 一般疑问句：Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它？ 注：在这种构成中，be动词有人称和数的变化，即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数，was是表示单数，were是表示复数。 2.实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句式：主语 + 动词（过去式）+ 其它 否定句式：主语 + didnt + 动词（原形）+ 其它 【did not = didnt】 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词（原形）+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】？ 注：1. did和didnt是构成一般过去时的助动词，其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。 2. 实意动词do的一般过去时 I do my homework every day.(用yesterday改写句子)I did my homework yesterday.I didnt do my homework yesterday.(否定句)Did you do your homework yesterday？Yes ,I did. /No, I didnt.(一般疑问句)3. 情态动词的一般过去时态 含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时，是十分相似，请注意观察。 肯定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + 其它否定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词 + 主语 + 其它？ 注：情态动词的过去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。 4.特殊疑问句式： 特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他？ 特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他？ 特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他？ What was your former name？ 你以前叫什么名字？ Why was he late for school last Monday？ 上星期一他为什么迟到？What could she do twenty years ago？ 20年前她能做什么？规则动词的过去式 1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。 looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。 livelived useused taste-tasted3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 ed。 studystudied trytried flyflied 4.以重读闭音节（即辅音元音辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 ed。 stopstopped planplanned stop-stopped preferpreferred 5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 如：am(is)-was, are-were（是）, become _became (成为) go-went（走）基本用法 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作 She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。 叙述过去连续发生的一件件事 She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床，提水，打扫房间然后出去散步。 【练习】一、请用正确动词形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival 11. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday Yes, he _. 12. Gao Shan _ (put) up the picture last night. 13. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday.14. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning15. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night.17. I listened but _ (hear) nothing.18. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term二、按要求变换句型。 1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history2. He cleaned his roomjust now. （划线提问） What_ he _3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book. 4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问） _ _ _ family _ last week 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday eveningHe _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning Yes, he _.9. How _(be) Jims weekend It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year No. she _.三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。构成：be+现在分词。be应为助动词，应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【注】动词现在分词的变化规则?1.?一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing，如：?work?-?working?study?-?studying?2.?动词以不发音的-e结尾，要去-e加-ing，如：?make?-?making?dance?-?dancing?3.?重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ing，如：?put?-?putting?begin?-?beginning?4.?以-ie结尾的动词，把-ie变成y再加-ing，如：?lie?-?lying?tie?-?tying?写出下列动词的现在分词形式?dance_shop_?play_?speak_have?_?work?_?write_take_study_sit_sing_swim_lie_变化：肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。用法（包括高级用法)：1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。Please dont make so much noise. Im writing a composition. 不要吵闹。我正在写作文。Lets set off. It isnt raining now. 咱们出发吧。现在不下雨了。这类情况常与now现在，at the present现在，at the moment现在，today今天，this week这个星期，this year今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态，如：Its four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快点！我们大家都等着你。Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他们在那边的树底下看书。Listen! She is singing in the room. 听！她在房间里唱歌。Where is Kate She is reading in the room. 凯特在哪里？她在房间里看书。Why are you crying Is something wrong为什么哭呢？有什么不对？2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。We are working in a factory these days. 这几天我们在一家工厂工作。They are compiling a dictionary. 他们在编一本词典。这类情况常与today今天，this week这个星期，this evening今天晚上，these days现在、目前等时间状语连用。3,在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。Is your brother departing soon 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？这类情况常与come来，go去， leave离开，depart离开，arrive到达，stay逗留，start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。Hes always quarrelling with others. 他老喜欢跟别人吵架。She is constantly worrying about her sons health. 她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。The boy is forever asking questions. 那个男孩老是问问题。这类情况常与always总是，usually通常，continually不断的，constantly经常的，forever永远、老是等副词连用。5,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。How are you feeling today （How do you feel today）你今天感觉如何？I am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再来。Why are you looking（do you look）so sad 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？6,有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外，一般不和其他时间副词连用的。Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了。The war is ending. 战争接近尾声了。Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了。适合于此种用法的动词有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go变成，begin开始，forget忘记，remember记得，die死，finish完成，find发现，rise增强等.7,“be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。He is being foolish. 他在装傻。He is being honest. 他表现得特别老实。She is being rude. 她故意表现粗鲁。I cant understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。适合于此种用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful细心的，patient耐心的，lazy懒惰的，silly傻的，rude粗鲁的，polite礼貌的，impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。（“be”动词用于现在进行时表示人的行为，纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时，“be”动词不能用于现在进行时）如：I am happy.（表语是纯粹的心理状态，不可用am being） 我很快乐。Hes tired.（表语是纯粹的生理状态，不可用is being） 他很疲倦。Its hot today.（主语不是人，不可用is being） 今天很热。 【练习】一.填空题1Mr Zheng _ (read) a book now.2. The rabbits _ (jump) now.3. Look ! Tom and John _ (swim).4. My brother _ (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus _ (stop).6. We _ (have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is_(come).8. They _(catch) butterflies now.9. He _ (do) an experiment now.10. They _(collect) stamps now.11. Look! He _ (dive) now.12. Tom _ ( watch ) TV in the dining room.13. The doctors _ (get ) off the bus.14. Come on. They _ ( leave ) now.15. It _ (eat) fish now.16. My father _(work) in the office now.17. Where is your mother She _ (answer) the phone.18. The teachers _ (run) now.二、按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对The boy提问：_2. 造句:1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_2).is,who,the window,cleaning(连词成句)_3).She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)_4.)You are doing your homework.(用I作主语改写句子)_5).they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句)_四、 过去进行时：（一）概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。(二)结构：were/were+V-ing.(三)标志词：1.atthis/thattime,2.atthis/thattimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),3.at+点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday)，4.whensb/sth.didsth.lastevening5.thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。例如：Iwasmakingfruitsaladatthistime.Theywerestudyingfrom8:00to11:00yesterday.（四） 一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略回答。1.肯定句:主语+was/were+V-ing+其它.IwaswatchingTVatthattimelastnight.2.否定句:主语+was/were+not+V-ing+其它.IwasnotwatchingTVatthattimelastnight.3.一般疑问句：was/were主语+V-ing+其它WereyouwatchingTVatthattimelastnight肯定回答：Yes,Iwas.否定回答：No,Iwasnt.4. 特殊问句:疑问词was/were主语+V-ing+其它Whatwereyoudoingatatthattimelastnight(五)基本用法：1.过去进行时表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或事情。(用介词短语和从句来表示时间点)IwassleepingatthistimelastSunday.(过去某一时刻)Mymotherwascookingdinnerat9:00yesterday.(过去某一时刻)WewerehavingsupperwhenTomcamein.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了（从句表示时间点）2. 过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内持续发生动作或事情。（thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等。）Lucywasworkingallday.（过去某一段时间）WewerewatchingTVfromsevenoclocktonineoclocklastnight.3.在复合从句中，从句和主句的动作都是延续性或同时发生，那么主从句都要过去进行时。Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasresdingnewspaper.他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他洗车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）（六） when和while的用法区别when既指时间点，也可指一段时间。因此when在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词while只指一段时间。while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后生；while则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。when引导的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。While后面一般用过去进行时。如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，a. Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.b.Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing.【练习】1.I_at8:00yesterday.A.wassleepinglateB.sleptlateC.sleeplate2.They_atthistime.A.talkingonthephoneB.weretalkingonthephoneB.wastalkingonthephone3.Lilywasstandinginfrontofthelibrary_.A.twohoursagoB.tomorrowC.atthattimeyesterday4.I_whentheUFOarrivedA.wascuttinghairB.wascuttinghairC.cuttinghair5.Myfatherwasreadingnewspaper_mymotherwascookingdinner.A.whenB.whileC.what6.Mybrother_whilehe_hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereridingC.fell,rode7.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.A.workedB.wasworking.C isworking8.-whatwereyoudoingatsevenoclocklastSunday-I_theshower.A.wasgettingoutofB.gotoutofC.wasgetoutof9.I_mybreakfastwhenthebellrang.A.hadB.washavingC.amhaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A. wastravelingB.traveledC.traveling11.-Whatsthematter,AliYoulooksad.”-Oh,nothingmuch.infact,I_ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinking12. What_fromthreetofouryesterdayafternoonA.haveyoudoneB.didyoudoC.wereyoudoing13.-Icalledyouyesterdayevening.buttherewasnoanswer. -Oh,ImsorryI_dinneratmyfriendshome.A.hadB.washavingC.have14.Mymother_whilemyfather_TV.A.cooked,waswatchingB.wascooking,waswatchingC.cooked,watched15.whenIgothome,myson_themusic.A.amlisteningB.listenedtoC.waslistening二、动词填空。1.John_（work）alldayyesterday.2.He_（walk）homewhenther