广州牛津英语初中语法选择技巧.doc

一、语法选择的特点本题型一般为200词左右的叙述短文，在篇章中考查基本语法，第一句话往往是完整的，一般不设空。通过读第一句话可以根据动词的形式判断文章故事发生的时间。所以阅读第一句话，你的注意力应放在动词的形式上。因为有语境，难度较低。二、语法选择考点归纳让你知己知彼百战百胜！1. 动词：主要从动词的时态、语态、介词+Ving、情态动词+动原等方面考查。2. 名词：主要从可数名词单复数、可数或不可数的判断以及所有格的用法。3. 形容词：分词作形容词的考查，-ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰物，只要会判断主语，即可做对。4. 副词：考查副词的基本用法之一修饰动词。只要空格前面出现动词，则应该选择副词。5. 连词：考查频率最高的是but、so、or、and、although、though、both、either、neither、all的用法。掌握这几个连词的基本用法即可，较容易选对答案。6. 代词：考查人称代词、不定代词的运用。7. 介词：考查固定搭配。考查频率最高的介词：on、in、at、for用在时间前的用法，with、without的用法。从出题的考点来看，动词考查是最多的，一般为3-4题。因此学生对动词的掌握尤为重要。大多数学生认为该题型较难，所以丢分较严重。原因分析：对基础的语法点没有掌握，缺乏解题方法与技巧。三、指点迷津让你不再为语法选择抓狂！step1：读第一句话 动词 判断时态 为做题时选动词找依据话你知：动词会给你很多信息，做题过程中集中关注动词的变化！step2：以句为单位 找提示词 确定考点话你知：考动词：一看 有无时态标志 二看 空格前有无情态动词、介词 （情态动词+动原；介词+Ving） 三看 有无and/or （如有则观察and/or前或后的动词形式，答案选项的形式要与其保持一致） 四看 选项出现被动语态，则判断主语与动词的关系是主动还是被动（初二年级以上）考名词：考查单复数，常常结合感叹句考查 首先排除How a选项，用感叹句的判定方法即在句子后面找出主语与谓语，如空格后的词为形容词则选how选项，如是名词则判断该名词为可数单数则用what a选项，可数复数或不可数则用what选项。考形容词：若选项出现-ed、-ing一般考查的是分词作形容词的用法：-ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰事物，只要会判断主语，即可做对。考副词：若选项出现ly结尾的，可以判定该空格考查副词的运用。在该句子中，空格前有动词，则要用副词修饰。考连词：考查频率最高的是but、so、or、and、although、though、both、either、neither、all的用法。判断文章前后的逻辑关系即可。but：表示转折关系；so：表示因果关系；or：或者、否则之意。and：表示并列关系；though/although：表示虽然但是，不能与but连用。both.and：表示两者都；either.or：表示两者之一；neither.nor：表示两者中没有一个；all：表示全部都，用于三者以上。考代词：人称代词动词/介词后用宾格；空格后有名词，用形容词所有格，没有名词则用名词所有格；反身代词常考enjoy oneself / help yourself / dress oneself / teach oneself；不定代词something、everything、anything、nothing被形容词修饰时，形容词后置；other、the other、others、the othersother、the other分别为“其他的”、“其余的”的意思，后面跟名词，others、the others分别为“其他人/东西”、“其余的人/东西”，已经是名词。有the，说明是在一定范围内。考介词：常考on、in、at、for用在时间前的用法，with、without的用法。at: 用于具体时刻、传统节日前，例如：at 8:00，at Christmas. 固定搭配：at noon, at nightin: 用于世纪、年、季节、月等不具体的时间前，例如：in 2011 固定搭配：in the morning/afternoon/eveningon: 用于具体的某一天，或具体的早上、下午、晚上。for: 后面+一段时间，现在完成时的标志with: 与.一起，和.；带着.，有.的；以(手段、材料)，用(工具)without: 没有。千叮万嘱：介词后面的动词+ingstep3：代入答案 充分说服你的选项是百分之百对的！四、实战演练即刻体验语法选择就是这么简单！【即学即练一】（适合初一年级的学生）Water is very useful. Life on the earth 1 water. 2 water, no life can live on the earth . 3 it or not , many famous civilizations ( 文化 ) came 4 the places with water . For example, Chinese history comes from the Huanghe River. This is well 5 to us. People use water to generate ( 产生 ) power . Then we can have 6 and watch TV. Sometimes, people can use water 7 something too heavy. Workers use water to make things in factories. And 8 use water to put out fire. Farmers use water to grow vegetables. In 9 life, we use water to take a shower so that we can 10 ourselves every day.（ ）1. A. are made of B. are made of C. were made up of D. is made up of 答案巧析：D。考查动词短语固定搭配。从第一句话知，文章用一般现在时。首先排除C。be made up of“由组成”，be made of“由制作”，根据句意，则选D。（ ）2. A. With not B. Without C. Having not D. Have no答案巧析：B。考查介词without的用法。（ ）3. A. Believe B. Believes C. BelievingD. Believed答案巧析：A。考查动词。祈使句，没有主语，动词使用原形。只要会判断该句子为祈使句，即可做对。（ ）4. A. out of B. out C. to D. with答案巧析：A。考查动词短语固定搭配。come out of “从出来”。（ ）5. A. knowing B. knowC. known D. knew答案巧析：C。考查固定短语。be well known“为所知”。（ ）6. A. light B. lights C. a light D. lighting答案巧析：A。考查名词。light作“光、光线”讲时为不可数名词，作“灯”讲时为可数名词。（ ）7. A. measure B. to measuring C. measured D. to measure答案巧析：D。考查动词。use sth. to do sth. 使用去做某事。从后面一句话“Workers use water to make things in factories.”即可选到正确答案。（ ）8. A. fireman B. a fireman C. firemen D. firemans 答案巧析：C。考查名词。首先判断用复数形式，依据Workers、Farmers。fireman的复数形式为不规则变化firemen，故选C。（ ）9. A. day B. dailyC. days D. dayss答案巧析：B。考查“日常生活”的表达daily life。daily“日常的”，形容词，后面有名词life，前面应该用形容词修饰。（ ）10. A.clean B. cleaned C. cleaning D. cleans答案巧析：A。考查动词。空格前有情态动词can，应选择动词原形。【即学即练二 】（适合初二、初三学生）Annie was excited. Her mother 1_ to Beijing today and would be staying with her 2_ two weeks. She cleaned her home and thought about 3_ some flowers, but there wasnt time. She got in her car, turned on the radio and was heading off when the radio reported that all planes to Beijing would be two or more hours late because it was raining4_ . With great disappointment Annie went back inside.Two hours later, Annie arrived at the airport and was 5_ to see her mother waiting outside! She had decided to take an earlier plane 6_ she could get to Beijing on time. She didnt think it was necessary to phone Annie as the earlier plane would arrive at the airport at the time her daughter expected.7_ mistake! Annie could have come earlier, but didnt. Her mother could have phoned from the plane, but didnt. They were8_hungry and tired. Annie was going to take her mother to9_American restaurant,but her mother just 10_ to get home to rest.( )1. A. was flying B. flies C. has flown D. fly答案巧析：A。读第一句话，动词用过去式，说明文章描述的是过去的事情。直接把B、C、D选项排除。答案选A。Her mother正飞往Beijing，非常符合语境与时态。( )2. A. after B. since C. in D. for答案巧析：D。介词的考查。two weeks为一段时间，排除A、B。in + 时间段表示“在之内、之后”，一般用于将来时；for + 时间段一般用于现在完成时。( )3. A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying答案巧析：D。考查动词。about是介词，后面+Ving。( )4. A. heavily B. much heavier C. heavy D. more heavier答案巧析：A。考查副词。观察选项，有副词与形容词，空格前有动词raining，要用副词heavily修饰。( )5. A. surprises B. surprising C. surprised D. surprise答案巧析：C。考查形容词。观察选项，出现-ed、-ing，一般则可推测考查的是分词作形容词的用法。该句的主语是Annie，故用C. surprised。( )6. A. but B. although C. when D. so答案巧析：D。连词的考查。空格前后的句子属于因果关系故用so。( )7. A. How B. What a C. What D. How a答案巧析：B。名词结合感叹句考查。mistake为可数名词单数，选What a。( )8. A. all B. either C. both D. neither答案巧析：C。连词的考查。文章提到两人，排除A。从句中的and并结合句意，选both。( )9. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填答案巧析：B。冠词的考查。American首字母元音发音，用an。( )10. A. wanted B. wants C. wanting D. want 答案巧析：A。考查动词。整篇文章描述的是过去的事情，谓语动词要用一般过去式，排除B、D。句子缺谓语，排除C。五、学以致用让你轻松拿高分！Long long ago there was a poor farmer called Fred. Fred and his wife, Doris lived 1 together in their small old house. One winter night, the Luck Fairy（仙女） 2 them.“Fred, youre a good farmer. Id like 3 you a wish,” said the Luck Fairy.“A wish?” said Fred.Fred and Doris smiled at 4 . Then Fred said, “Thank you, Luck Fairy. Were very healthy and happy.”“Were old, we can still work 5 the field every day.” said Doris. “You work very 6 but you make a little money. Would you like some gold coins?” asked the Luck Fairy. “Oh, no, my dear Luck Fairy. Were poor. But we have 7 to eat.” replied Fred. “You can use the gold coins to buy some clothes. The winter is very cold.” said the Luck Fairy. “Though we havent many clothes, 8 weve got enough.” said Doris. “Well, what about a nice house?” asked the Luck Fairy. “Thank you, but I love my small old house very much. I 9 here since I was born. I dont need a new house,” said Fred. “Youre quite different 10 other people,” said the Luck Fairy. “I wish you happiness and luck forever.” Then the Luck Fairy disappeared and never came back.（ ）1. A. happy B. happily C. sad D. sadly（ ）2. A. visit B. visits C. visited D. was visited（ ）3. A. to give B. gives C. giving D. gave（ ）4. A. the other B. another C. others D. each other（ ）5. A. in B. at C. for D. from（ ）6. A. hardest B. harder C. hard D. hardly（ ）7. A. no B. little C. enough D. few（ ）8. A. / B. however C. because D. but（ ）9. A. lived B. have lived C. had lived D. lives（ ）10. A. of B. for C. from D. into7