【良心出品】高考英语写作高级替换词整理.doc

高考英语写作高级替换词整理
【原则一：晚词优先】
　　老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词，因为使用学得比较晚的单词，可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意识。如果一个意思既可以用初中单词来表达，又可以用高二、高三单词来表达，那尽量选择高二、高三的单词，如：
　　(1)Adj.困难的 黯然低分词：difficult 闪光高分词：challenging 有挑战性的
　　(2)Adj.重要的 黯然低分词：important
　　 闪光高分词：vital 至关重要的; essential 必不可少的; significant 有重要意义的;
　　(3)Adj.美丽的 黯然低分词：beautiful
　闪光高分词：appealing动人的; attractive吸引人的; charming迷人的; fascinating 迷人的
　 　注：以上五个词既能修饰人，又能修饰物，非常好用，务必记熟!
　　【原则二：短语优先】
　　在阅卷老师看来，活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此，我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语的用法，如：
　　(4)v. 参加 黯然低分词：join 闪光高分词：take part in
　　(5)v. 使用　 黯然低分词：use 闪光高分词：make good use of
　　(6)v. 拜访　 黯然低分词：visit　 闪光高分词：pay a visit to
　　(7)最常见的换词手段：形容词=of+同根名词 
黯然低分词：
闪光高分词：
黯然低分词：
闪光高分词：
very important 重要的
of great importance
very harmful 有害的
of great harm
very difficult 困难的
of great difficulty
very valuable 有价值的
of great value
very beautiful 美丽的
of great beauty
very significant 至关重要的
of great significance
very useful 有用的
of great use
very necessary 必要的
of great necessity
very helpful 有帮助的
of great help
　　【原则三：“具体化”单词优先】
　　请先对比以下几组句子：
　　【例句1】I go to school every day.
　　【例句2】I ride to school every day.
　　在课堂上，笔者经常以这两个句子为例，讲解“具体化”的重要性。很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因，是例句2中的rode比例句1中的went更加具体：went只表达了“去”的意思，而rode不但表达出“去”的意思，还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说，例句2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。
　　再如：
　　【例句3】Mr Wang is a good teacher.
　　【例句4】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.
　　例句3只表达出Mr Wang是一个“好”老师，而到底“好”在哪些方面，却没有具体说清楚;例句4则清楚地告诉读者，Mr Wang好在三个方面：和蔼(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知识丰富(knowledgeable)。
　　因此，我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想，如：
　　(8)adj. 学习 黯然低分词：learn
　　 闪光高分词：research研究;pick up偶然学到，顺便学到，轻松学到;master掌握
　　(9)n. 好老师 黯然低分词：a good teacher
　　闪光高分词：a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher
　　当然，除了替换某些表意抽象的单词，我们还可以通过增加细节成分，使表达更为具体，如，例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息，进一步改写成：
　　【例句5】I，together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday，feeling rather excited.
　　同样的，例句4也可以加上一个定语从句，写出Mr Wang到底擅长哪些事情，如：
　　【例句6】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
　　可以看到，例句5和例句6两个句子采用“具体化”的手段，将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变得生动形象了。
　　综上所述，想让你的表达“具体化”，一共有两种常用方法，其一，是换掉某些表意不明确的单词，换上表意更加明确具体的单词;其二，是在句中适当增加细节成分。“具体化”的好处，是让句子的含义更加丰富，让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想，随着作者一起经历、一起思考、一起感动。在平时的学习、训练中，与其生硬地使用超纲词汇，不如好好熟悉大纲单词，用好“具体化”的两种方法，为你的作文增光添彩。
　　事实上，“具体化”在汉语写作中也有同样的体现。比如，要表达“惜别”的感情，光说“再见”是不够的，应该像诗人那样，用具体化的细节带动感情，写出梦幻般的文字：“让我与你握别/ 再轻轻抽出我的手/ 知道思念从此生根/ 浮云白日/ 山川庄严温柔...”
　　这就是“具体化”的作用，你体会到了吗?
　　【原则四：大纲词汇的衍生词优先】
　　在高中英语中，我们已经涉及到了词根词缀的知识。运用这些知识，可以将很多高中词汇衍生为四六级词汇甚至托福、雅思词汇。如果能够熟练使用一两个这种词汇，你的作文肯定“碉堡了”!举例如下，看看箭头后面的替换词都是由哪些单词变来的?
　　(10)adj. 当然地 黯然低分词：certainly
　　 闪光高分词：obviously 明显地; undoubtedly 毫无疑问地; evidently显然地;
　　(11)adj. 不开心的 黯然低分词：sad
　 闪光高分词：discouraged气馁的; depressed沮丧的; downhearted垂头丧气的;
low-spirited意志消沉的;
　　可以看出，这里列举的“大纲词汇衍生词”看上去都相当“有水平”，但都是由大纲中的简单单词加上某些前缀、后缀变来的，可以说又好记，又好用，你学会了吗?
　　只要运用以上四种方法，在平时的学习中不断积累和使用“闪光高分词”，一定能让你的作文绽放出最美的光辉!

1.增补(Addition)
in addition另外; furthermore此外; again; also; besides; moreover此外 ; similarly; finally最后
2.比较(Comparison)
in the same way; likewise同样地; similarly; equally; in comparison比较起来; just as同样地
3.对照(Contrast)
whereas然而; in contrast与此相反; on the other hand; instead同样; however然而; nevertheless然而; unlike; even though即使; on the contrary; while
4.因果(Cause and effect)
because; because of; for; since; due to; owing to; thanks to; as a result(of); accordingly; hence; so; thus
5.强调(Emphasis)
certainly; above all; indeed; of course; surely; actually; as a matter of fact; chiefly; especially; primarily; in particular; undoubtedly; absolutely; most imprtant
6.让步(Concession)
although; though; after all; in spite of; nevertheless; still; provided; while it is true....
7.例证(Exemplification)
for example; for instance; that is; namely; such as; in other words; in this case; by way of illustration.
8.总结(Conclusion)
to sum up; to conclude; in a word; in short; in brief; all in all; in all; to put it in a nutshell; in summary
9.推断(Inference)
therefore; as a result(of); consequently; accordingly; so; otherwise
10.时间和空间(Time and space)
afterward; after; first; later; then; soon; outside; near; beyound; above; below; on the right(left); in the middle; opposite; in front of
11.启承转合
1)、启
A proverb says...... At present.......
As the proverb says.... Currently.....
Generally speaking; .... Now; ....
In general; ..... On the Whole....
It is clear that.... Recently.....
It is often said that.... Without doubt; .......
2)、承
First(of all); ...... Moreover; .........
Firstly; ............ No one can deny that....
In the first place; ......... Obviously.....
To begin with; ......... Of course; .........
Also; ....... Similarly; .........
At the same time...... Therefore; we should realize that.....
Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......
In addition; ..... What`s more; ..........
In fact........ It can be easily proved that...
Meanwhile......
3)、转
But... Still; ......
But the problem is not so simple.
There is a certain amount of truth in this; but we still have a problem with regard to.......
However;
....... To our surprise; ..........
Nevertheless; ........ Unfortunately.......
On the other hand; .......
Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........

Others may find this to be true; but I do not. I think.....
4)、合
Above all; In brief; ........
Accordingly; ..... In conclusion; ........
All in all; .......
In other words; it is hard to escape the conclusion that........
As a consequence; ......... In short; .........
As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum; ........
In summary; ....... As has been noted; ....
Obviously; ......... By so doing; .....
On the whole; ..... Consequently; ........
Presumably; ....... Eventually; .........
To conclude; ...... Finally; ........
To sum up; ..... In a word; ......
To summarize; ......