新概念英语第二册笔记-第83课.doc

Lesson 83 After the elections大选之后
【Text】
The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Patrick, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr. Lane's Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Patrick went to the former Prime Minister's house. When he asked if Mr. Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Patrick went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Patrick asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. 'I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday,' he shouted, 'Mr. Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad!" 'I know,' answered Patrick, 'but I love to hear you say it!'
【课文翻译】
前首相温特沃兹.莱恩先生在最近的大选中被击败。他现在退出了政界，到国外去了。我的朋友帕特里克一直是莱恩先生的激进党的强烈反对者。大选结束后，帕特里克来到了前首相的住处。当他询问莱恩先生是否住在那里时，值班的警察告诉他这位前 首相落选后出国去了。第二天，帕特里克再次来到首相的住处。昨天的那位警察正从门口慢慢走过，帕特里克上前问了和昨天同样的问题。虽然那位警察这次有点疑心，但还是对他作了同样的回答。第三天，帕特里克又去了，提出了同前两天完全一 样的问题。这一次警察火了。“我昨天和前天都告诉过您了，”他大叫着，“莱恩先生在大选中被击败了，他已经退出了政界去国外了！”“这我都知道，”帕特里克说，“可我就是喜欢听你说出这些！”

New words and expressions 生词和短语
election n. 选举 former adj. 从前的
defeat v. 打败 fanatical adj. 狂热的
opponent n. 反对者，对手 radical adj. 激进的
progressive adj. 进步的 ex- prefix（前缀，用于名词前）前……
suspicious adj. 怀疑的

【生词讲解】
1. election n. 选举
1) election 指一般选举时用单数，指全国性的选举时用复数：
eg：An election will be held next month.
下月将举行一次选举。
eg：In America,presidential elections are held every four years.
美国总统选举每四年一次
eg：He hopes to defeat his rival in next year's elections.
他希望在明年的大选中击败对手。
eg：He is standing for election.
他是候选人。
elective subjects选修科目
a general election 大选
an election campaign 竞选活动
Election day 选挙日、投票日
2) elect v. 选举（某人）
eg：He was elected to the Senate （参议院） in the last election.
在上次的选举，他当选为参议员。
eg：We’d like to elect a chairperson now.
我们想现在选出一名主席。
eg：They elect him as mayor.
他们选他当市长
3) elect + sb + to …..选举（某人）担任（某职）
eg：We elect her to the Board of Education.
我们选她加入教育委员会。
4) elector n. 选举人、合格选民

2. former
1） adj. 从前的、以前的
my former English teacher我以前的英语老师
in former time ＝ in former days 以前、往昔
the former world champion前世界冠军

eg：Yesterday, he received a letter from his former wife/English teacher.
昨天他收到了他前妻／以前的英语老师的一封信。
2）（前述两者中的）前者的、前面的
the former 前者 ←→ the latter 后者
eg：I prefer the former design to the latter .
我比较喜欢前者的设计方案,不喜欢后者
eg：Kate and Jane are sisters. The former is a pianist ；the latter is a singer .
凯特和简是姐妹。前者是一个钢琴家，后者是一名歌手
formerly adv. 以前、原本
nowadays 现今，现在
eg：Formerly this neighborhood was a poor village .
以前这附近是一个贫穷的村庄

3. defeat
1） v. 打败
defeat an enemy 打败敌人, 战胜敌人
eg：Our team defeated our opponent by 5：0.
我队以5比零击败对手。
eg：The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle.
敌人在一场决定性的战斗中被击败。
2） n 挫折、失败
eg：Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.
我们的棒球队再遭失败
admit defeat 认输

a decisive defeat 一个决定性的失败
a crushing defeat 彻底失败 ＝ a total defeat ＝ an utter defeat
3) v.困惑，难倒
eg：I've tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me.
我想解决这个问题，但是把我难倒了
＊ crush  [krʌʃ] vt. 压碎，弄皱；镇压，制服，压垮
＊ utter  [ˈʌtə] vt. 发出(声音)，说
a.完全的，绝对的

4. fanatical ＝ fanatic
1）adj. 狂热的
fanatical about sth.
eg：She's fanatical about keeping fit.
她如痴如醉的注重健美
fanatic狂热者
2）n.（主义、宗教等） 狂信者
fan n.（口） 迷、热心爱好者
a baseball fan 棒球迷 ； a rock'n'roll fan 摇滚迷
be crazy about ……非常喜爱 ..., 醉心于 ＝ be mad about …
fan letter 影迷或球迷写的崇拜信

5. opponent n. 反对者，对手
eg：He beat his opponent by three sets to one.
他以三比一击败对手。
beat an opponent at an election
选举时击败了对手
eg：Her opponet left the tennis court in tears.
她的对手含泪离开了网球场。
opponent of sth.反对者
an opponent of nuclear weapons反对核武器的人
oppose v.
1） 反对、抵抗
eg：I oppose your going there alone.
我反对你去那里
eg：The storm opposed our advance.
暴风雨阻止我们前进
2）使对立、使对抗
oppose + sth + to ＝ oppose + sth + against 对立、对抗
eg：He considered the matter, opposing its merits against / to its demerits.
他对比了优点和缺点来讨论 /考虑这件事。
be opposed to sth 与某事物相对立, 反对某事物

eg：She is strongly opposed to their plan.
她强烈反对他们的计划。
as opposed to 与...形成对照
eg：I am here on business as opposed to a holiday .
我在这里是办公事而不是度假

6. radical
1） 根本的、彻底的 （thorough）
radical improvements 彻底改进 ； radical change 裂变
2）过激的、激进的、极端的 （extreme）
the radical party 激进党 ；
radically adv. 根本地, 完全地, 过激地
radicalism  ['rædiklizəm] n. 急进主义, 根本的改革主义

7. progressive
1） adj. 进步的
←→ conservative  [kənˈsə:vətiv] a.保守的，守旧的；传统的 n.保守的人
a mayor with progressive ideas 思想进步的市长
eg：The new chairman is quite progressive.
新主席是相当前卫的。
2） 前进的、进行的 ←→ regressive  [riˈgresiv] a.退步的，退化的
progress
1） n. 前进、进行
make swift progress toward the destination 目的迅速前进
←→ make slow progress toward the destination目的缓慢前进
2） n. 进步、上进、发展
the progress of medicine 医学进展
eg：You’ve made great progress in speaking English .
讲英语你已经取得了很大进展。
3） n. 经过、过程、进展
eg：The patient is making remarkable progress.
这个病人进步极为显著。

4） v. 前进、进行、上进、提高
eg：We are now progressing steadily with our work .
我们的工作现正稳步推进。
eg：You’ve progressed quickly in mathematics.
你在数学上进步很快

8. ex-
1）prefix（前缀，用于名词前）前……（相当于former）
ex-boyfriend 前男友；
ex-wife 前妻
ex-president 前任总统、
ex-prime Minister 前总理、
ex-taxi-driver 前出租汽车司机
ex-manager 前任经理 ； ex-headmaster 前任校长

2） 到外面、向外面
exclude vt. 把…排斥在外，不包括
express vt. 表示；快运 n.快车(运) a./ ad.特快(的)
export n. 出口(物)，输出(品) v.出口，输出
★suspicious adj. 怀疑的
a suspicious nature 多疑的性格
a suspicious glance 狐疑的目光
suspiciously [sə'spiʃəsli] adv. 猜疑地, 可疑地

9. suspicion
1） n.（c）（n） 猜疑
with suspicion 怀疑地
eg：His remarks aroused my suspicion.
他的话引起了我的怀疑。
eg：I have a suspicion that my phone has been tapped.
我怀疑，我的手机已被窃听。
2） 一些、一点点

eg：I smelled a suspicion of fragrance when she passed .
当她经过时我闻到一点点香气。
suspect
1） v. 猜疑
suspect sb of ….猜疑某人某事
eg：She suspected him of taking her money.
她怀疑他偷她的钱。
2）（口）猜想、以为
………suspect that …… 怀疑
eg：She suspected he was lying.
她怀疑他是在撒谎
suspect sb to be 怀疑某人
eg：I suspect him to be the pickpocket.
我怀疑他是扒手。

【课文讲解】
1. The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections.
※ the former Prime Minister ＝ the ex-Prime Minister 前首相
※ was defeated 被击败
defeat sb 击败某人 ＝ beat sb 打赢某人
eg：Arsenal beat Manchester United last Saturday.
上个星期六阿森纳击败曼联。
win a prize ……赢得奖品 ； win a game ……赢了一场比赛
eg：Arsenal won the game. 阿森纳队赢得了比赛
※ Latter (刚提及的两者中)后者的，后面的
eg: Of the two the latter is far Better than the former
两者中后者比前者好得多。

2. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad.
retiring from political life 退出了政界
retire 退休

eg：My father will retire at the age of 60.
我的父亲60岁将退休。
retire to 隐退、后退、
eg：He retired to his own room after supper.
吃完晚饭他离去到他自己的房间里。
※ go abroad 出国
travel abroad 海外旅行
study abroad 留学、海外，勉强
live abroad 住在国外； be abroad 在国外
from abroad 从海外来
eg：He has just returned from abroad.
他刚刚从国外旅行回来。

3. My friend, Patrick, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr. Lane's Radical Progressive Party.
※ Radical Progressive Party. 激进党

4. After the elections, Patrick went to the former Prime Minister's house.
When he asked if Mr. Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad.
※ duty
1） n. 责任、义务、本份
on duty在上班(的)，在值班(的) ←→ off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的)
do one’s duty 尽本分
neglect（忽视） one’s duty
2） 税、关税
customs duty 关税； export duties输出税
import duties 进口税 、输入税

5. On the following day, Patrick went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Patrick asked the same question.
※ On the following day次日

eg：It rained on the day we arrived, but the following day was sunny.
我们到达的那天正下雨，但次日天气晴朗
※ walk past prep. 走过、经过
※ entrance
1） 入口、大门口
entrance to the park 公园入口
the front entrance of a school 学校的正门
the back entrance 后门
2） 进入、入场、演员的登场
eg：The actor made several entrances.
那位演员上过几次台了。
entrance into college ＝ entrance to college 进入大学
gain entrance to university . 获得进入大学许可
entrance examination 入学考试
entrance upon office ＝ entrance into office 就职、任职

6. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer.
※ though 引导的示一个让步状语从句，其中的主语和为语都省略了，完整的从句是：
Though the policeman was a little suspicious this time…….
这是一个省略了主语和连系动词的让步状语从句。
通常，如果从句的主语与主句的相同而谓语带系动词be，则主语+be 可省略（原因状语从句例外）：
eg: While at college, she wrote a novel.
她上大学时写了一部小说。
eg: He acted as if certain of success.
他的举止就像一定会成功一样。（方式）
eg: If possible, please let me know by this evening.
如果可能的话，请在今晚以前告诉我。（条件）
eg: Though tired, he went to bed very late.
他虽然疲惫，但还是很晚才上床。（让步）
原因状语从句的省略形式要带分词being：
eg: Being worried about his child, he walked up and down in the room．
他由于为孩子担心，在屋子里来回走着。

7. The day after, Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper.
※ exactly
adv.正，恰好，十分
eg: You've arrived at exactly the right moment.
你到得正是时候。
eg: This dress is exactly what I wanted. 
这正是我需要的衣服。 
eg: His answer was exactly right. 
 他的答案完全正确
用作答语或表示赞同
So she wants to sell the house and move to London
"Exactly"对！
※ lost one’s temper 发脾气
fly into a temper ＝ get into a temper 发脾气
※ temper
1） n. 脾气
eg：Keep your temper ！（don’t get angry！）别发脾气
eg：Mr Green lost his temper when he found his daughter smoking. 
 格林先生发现女儿抽烟时大发脾气。
Have a short/quick/nasty 脾气急/暴/坏
eg：Whatever happens, remember to keep your temper.
无论发生什么事都要记着保持冷静。
eg：My sister is of a calm/quick temper.
我姐姐/妹妹性情平和/脾气急躁。
eg：My grandfather has a temper.
我爷爷容易生气。
eg：The boss is in a temper today.
老板今天脾气不好。
2） n. 心情、情绪
eg：After what happened last night, I was surprised to find that he was in such a good temper this morning .
昨晚发生的事情后，我惊讶地发现，他今天早上的情绪很好。
eg ：You should apologize to him. He’s in a very bad temper .（He is angry）
你应该向他道歉，他现在脾气很坏。

mood n. 心情、情绪
eg：I enjoyed myself at the party. I was in a very good mood.
（I was cheerful）
eg：Don’t disturb him. He’s in a very bad mood .
（He is not cheerful, but not necessarily angry他并不快乐，但不一定生气）
eg：I’m in the mood for a drive into the country .
（I would very much like to go for a drive into the country.）
我很想开车到乡下兜兜风。
be in the mood for sth ＝ be in the mood for doing sth
＝ be in the mood to do …… 想做某事

8 'I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday,' he shouted, 'Mr. Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad!"
'I know,' answered Patrick, 'but I love to hear you say it!'

6. once more
7. lose one’s temper
8. fanatical opponent
9. political life

【关键词组摘录】
1. be defeated
2. retire from
3. go abroad
4. on duty
5. on the following day

【Key structures：时态的系统梳理】
现在进行时 ：be + v.-ing
一般现在时： do/does
一般过去时： was/ were
现在完成时： have / has + p.p.
过去完成时 ： had + p.p.
现在完成进行时 ： has / have been doing
过去进行时 ： were / was v.-ing
被动语态 ： be + p.p.

Exercises
1. He has been an opponent. He has been opposed c it .
a. against b. for c. to d. from
2. Mr. Lane was the former Prime Minister .he was the c one .
a. first
b. latter  [ˈlætə] n.后者 a.后者的；后一半的，末了的
c. previous [ˈpri:viəs] a.先，前，以前的；(to)在…之前
d. before
3. He was defeated in the elections. He was c .
a. conquered [ˈkɔŋkə] vt. 攻克，征服；破除，克服
b. won win的过去式(分词)
c. beaten beat 的过去分词
d. destroyed  [diˈstrɔi] vt. 破坏，毁灭；消灭，杀死
4. On the 1st October a new government will be c by the nation for the next five tears .
a. chosen choose的过去分词
b. selected 选择，挑选 a.精选的；优等的
c. elected 选举，推举；选择 vi.进行选举，作出选择
d. voted n./ v.选(票)；选举；表决(结果)，投票

谚语：
1. Time flies ！ 时间过的飞快
How time flies ！ 时间过得真快！
2. Time is a great healer. ＝ Time is the best heater .
＝ Time heals 时间可解除一切忧伤 、时间是治疗伤口的最好良药