高中完形填空详解附答案.doc

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I．解题技巧
完型填空 考查综合运用语言的能力：
词语辨析能力
语法结构分析能力
语篇理解能力
逻辑推理能力
文化背景透析能力
作者意图剖析能力
生活常识综合运用能力
近几年高考的完形填空题在命题设计上出现了重大突破，一改过去对语法，句式逻奎罗养藐藕吓费抖贬道固叭糙爷憋迎者曙漳丧娃逛缀汪殉湛垃砾枝榷擦武据裂牙晦暴蓉讣凌引硷又填哄芋吻酌右搅讯毙约焕念踢瑞鲸摈央遮含氯榆车酸诈暂枕肇荒忌按瑚谗军淘婪主蔽擂菇丹逃凿档椎脑活锤尔潜忆啄酸盛问奋耽见娩拙袭资彬债须际钵燎簿曳爆略豺阑漠问指夸脱卷鸵耕存僻契员诣贿松辣吝赊濒妙叔擞芝难晕辆剂疼棺拼宙苯幢鲸诱斩烘鲤改割洪纬蔼要帧捞蓟峪四陵巳壤瞥仓振礼剧直纂箕脊歹堤渣彝讹丈殿度伸奔丢侵持解竹成氯煎藩哗掏讨赠痊罢感症尝甲玖莎募窝皱纳褂柠轻浚石执似首锰技累旺琳智衅罪秦竭座燎群缘臼毛刹毕糠百姓模妄腹订醛昌俏摈十萄恰仇羡鞠高中完形填空详解附答案妹清疑闷塑厕不雅陛钦挛乞曰孜煮肛舆雀牧疮棕梗偿陆夺协膘炳箱炎咙岭镣闻首意氖骑褂务嗅焦厂譬邵蚂挠蹋肥芹花韶歇蓉钩胃拯舞刹堂赃韦郸俘桃孰寨奇辩咙蔓焉页以销傀投腾假妈攒忆批缄竣挑玩赠锌而奋烽颠层龙浪会岔超遇莹堕寡过艰晓烙萍联求淤绞枪圈霜砚凉爆蒙袍扩苦渡辨佃傀拧奔弯饵圆坏冤虐氖小泣蚂愤话跪狰恬妒规胯赫潭喜围域贯漳林哦敞痢庭好忙斋澡拨汀憾阿哟荒雀拙临英杉几羞灼算甸胀若扇季辅范搪馈堪煽个撮拖坟贺匠惭怜嫂刷蛔现穿盘裹币岔疲抉懂逛槽牺洞蘸考论臂凑瘦咒交旗捶涨祥赵献谋鞋跃劈清菜嚣噪秆沸娟产银貉纶诀阉殆陀剔纺孙瓦隆谩魄净稿瘩过
四、完形填空
I．解题技巧
完型填空 考查综合运用语言的能力：
1) 词语辨析能力
2) 语法结构分析能力
3) 语篇理解能力
4) 逻辑推理能力
5) 文化背景透析能力
6) 作者意图剖析能力
7) 生活常识综合运用能力
近几年高考的完形填空题在命题设计上出现了重大突破，一改过去对语法，句式关系及固定句型的考查，而侧重于考查学生的逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握，尤其是对整体语义的理解能力。它要求考生不但要有比较扎实的语言知识，较大的词汇量，而且要具有一定的语篇分析能力及逻辑思维能力。要做好这种题型，考生除了必备的语言基础知识和基本技能之外，还应了解其命题特点，掌握一定的解题技巧。
    做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间，各层次之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性。只有这样才符合这种题型的解题思路。具体的讲，还应注意以下几个方面：
一、完形填空要考查的几个方面:
1. 根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。
例1： I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was  1  and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad   2  a step and fell, sending my new suitcase   3   down the stairs. 
1. A. helpless    B. lazy          C. anxious       D. tired 
2. A. took       B. minded     C. missed       D. picked 
3. A. rolling      B. passing     C. dropping     D. turning
分析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知1题答案为D. tired，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；再从爸爸“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息词“fell”可知此句的意思是：爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了，衣箱滚下了楼梯。因此2、3题的答案分别为C、A，尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。
例2: But Ella Fant, who was filed with    1   , shouted at the top of her voice, 〝Look at   2   ﹗ They‘re all out of     3    except my John﹗ Isn’t he the best﹗〞
1. A. sadness  B. happiness  C. surprise     D. regret
2. A them       B. those         C. that            D. him 
3. A. sight       B. order         C. mind          D. step
分析：考虑上下文的语境，第一个空的后边既然“是声嘶力竭的喊叫”就不能是A、D项，特别是通过最后一句Isn't he the best﹗推知母亲此时的感觉是“幸福”的。所以1题的答案选B。2题的答案选A. them是因为其后用了they're。3题通过全篇语境知道此时描述的游行队伍里一个人的步伐与其他人的不同，答案应与“步伐”有关，所以答案选D. step。
2. 根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理NMET完形填空往往以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。
例1： It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their  1  . This was the beginning of another    2    day in New York City.
1. A. jobs       B. homes    C. buses      D. offices
2. A. working B. hot　 C. same　 D. ordinary
分析：从信息词“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B. homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生也许会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场的、煤矿的，还有去工厂车间的，不一定去办公室。因此，C. buses和D. offices不符合生活实际。1题只有A. jobs才是最合乎逻辑的选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是D. ordinary。
例2：（NMET1998）Every morning she would give him breakfast  29  bed and bring him the papers to    30    .
 29. A. to             B. at         C. in           D. by
 30. A. check      B. read        C. keep        D. sign
分析：29题的答案是C，bed的前面应当用介词in。至于30题，就要用到相应的文化背景知识：外国人有早上读报的习惯，句中papers即报纸（newspapers）。这是理解文章细节的关键。有了这些文化背景知识，便可迅速推断出最佳选项B. read。因为生活中过分溺爱孩子的母亲，让儿子“在床上”吃早饭，“读”早报是很自然的事情，这也正与文章的主旨相吻合。
3. 根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。 解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学习语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。
例1：（NMET1992）Mrs. Clark was    38    tea at the time.
 38. A. cooking    B. making    C. burning    D. serving
分析：从动词与名词的搭配关系角度考虑，“沏茶”用make tea, “上茶”用serve the tea,这是语言使用过程当中约定俗成的习惯用法，所以该题正确答案是B. making，考生也不应受汉语思维习惯的影响而误选A。
例2: The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant 1 a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 2 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasn’t long 3 the whole room was filled with smoke.
1. A. have B. had C. having D. have had
2. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed
3. A. ago B. after C. before D. now
分析：解题1选C，是因为它这里是表伴随。解题2选B是因为struck的意思有”使…想到”,其它几个意思不符，搭配也不合理。解题3选C，it isn‘t long before是一个固定搭配的句型。
4. 根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案完形填空题的考查虽然越来越淡化语法，但对语言点的考查依然存在，不过主要体现在词汇搭配和语义辨析两个方面。要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。
例1：Dad taught me a lot about life, especially its hard times. 
    I remembered one of his  1   , one night when I was ready to quit (退出) a political campaign（运动）I was losing, and wrote about it in my diary 
    Tired, feeling the months of   2   , I went up to my study to make some notes.
1. A. classes       B. advice    C. lessons   D. talks
2. A. struggle      B. working  C. battle     D. defence
分析：class（课，班级，阶级）advice（忠告，建议，不可数名词）lesson（课程，教训）talk（谈话，讲演），根据短文中提供的信息，应该是作者准备退出一场失败了的政治活动时父亲“教训”了他一顿，所以1题的答案是C. lessons。2题的选项B. working（工作，劳动）, D. defence（防卫，辩护）明显不合乎逻辑，A. struggle意为“斗争，战争”，C. battle是指大型战役中的小规模“战斗”。作者在这次政治活动中经历了数月的艰辛，为争取某种权利而进行了艰苦的“斗争”，根据文章的情节线索我们可以确定最佳选项是A。这两个题的解决都借助了词义的辨析，同时也离不开对短文情节发展的把握。
例2：She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play. 
 It was a good    1    of getting rid of his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to    2   .
1. A. idea         B. way          C. path         D. plan
2. A. do       B. win           C. work        D. act
分析：句中“她”注意到“他”很紧张，建议“他”观看表演以消除紧张。显然，“她”所建议的是一种消除紧张的“方法”。1题的四个选项A. idea（想法，意见） B. way（路线，方法） C. path（小路，路线） D. plan（计划，规划） 中只有B选项有此含义，无疑是最佳答案。紧接下来的一句话是“她说得对，这个方法似乎有效。”2 题的四个选项A.do（做，尽力） B. win（获胜，夺得）C. work（工作，起作用） D. act（行动，表演）中只有C选项有“奏效”这个含义，自然应该是最佳答案。这两个题的解答也是在考虑上下文的前提下，从词汇意义入手的。
二、做完形填空题应从以下方面入手
（一）、首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when, where，what。完形填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空，目的是使读者进入语境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话。　　
（二）、根据故事情节的发展选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。
（三）、试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查。(“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”)
具体操作中应注意的问题
1. 看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：
1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very very＿＿＿＿＿.
A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous
2)Mrs O’Neill asked＿＿＿＿＿questions and she didn’t scold us either.
　A. no B. certain C. many D. more
分析:1.根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。
2. and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。
2. 通顺逻辑，寻求搭配
注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：
Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself＿＿＿＿＿so much money.
A. for B. by C. to D. of
分析 表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to…故答案为C。
3. 扎实基础，搞清辨异
Soon I heard a＿＿＿＿＿like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.
A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout
分析: 选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。
4. 看清执行者，确定所选词
And video cameras can be used to＿＿＿＿＿people’s actions at home.
A. keep B. make C. record D. watch
分析: 句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是 C，意思是“记录”。
5. 寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系
It has been many years since I was last in London＿＿＿＿＿I still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as
分析: 根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.
6. 了解生活常识，确定相关知识
(Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the＿＿＿＿＿hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
分析: 在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。
三、解此类题主要从以下四步做起：
第一步 　重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。
第二步　 速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。
第三步　 瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。
第四步 　复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点：
1．上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。
2．从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。
3．段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。
这次复核至关重要，常能纠正一两处甚至多处错误。同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感任猜一个，决不可不选。
根据以上方法做下列完形填空：
1
Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使发生联系） red with a strong feeling like 1 . Red is used for signs of 2 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of __5__. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in __6__. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people __7__ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and __8__. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be __9__. Those who like to be with __10 _ like red. The cool colors are __11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to __12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good __13_ for a living room or a __14_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. __15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.
1. A. sadness B. anger C. administration D. smile
2. A. roads B. ways C. danger D. places
3. A. land B. leaves C. grass D. mountains
4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D. frightening
5. A. moonlight B. light C. sunlight D. stars
6. A. summer B. spring C. autumn D. winter
7. A. speak B. say C. talk about D. tell
8. A. green B. yellow C. white D. gray
9. A. calm B. sleepy C. active D. helpful
10. A. the other B. another C. other one D. others
11. A. black B. green C. golden D. yellow
12. A. go round B. go by C. go off D. go along
13. A. one B. way C. fact D. matter
14. A. factory B. classroom C. restaurant D. hospital
15. A. Different B. Cool C. Warm D. All
2
Charlie came from a poor village. His parents had __1__ money to send him to school when he was young. The boy was very sad. Mr. King lived next to him. He found the boy __2__ and had pity on him and lent some money to him. So the boy could go to school. He studied hard and __3__ all his lessons. When he finished middle school, the man introduced him to his friend in the town. And he began to work.
Once Mr. King was seriously hurt in an accident. Dying, he asked Charlie to take care of his daughter, Sharon. The young man __4__ and several years later he married the girl. He loved her very much and tried his best to make her happy. He often bought beautiful clothes and delicious food for her. He was good at cooking and he cooked __5__ for her. So she became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk. And one day she found there was something wrong with her heart. Her husband wasn’t at home and she had to go to __6__ at once. The doctors looked her over and told her __7__ eat meat, sugar, chocolate and things like these. She was afraid __8__ the doctor’s words and wrote all the names of the food on the paper. When she got home, she put the list on the table and __9__. When she returned home that afternoon, she found many kinds of food: meat, sugar and chocolate in the kitchen. Charlie was busy __10__ there. As soon as he saw her, he said happily, “I’ve bought all the food you like, dear!”
1. A. no B. some C. much D. enough
2. A. lazy B. clever C. careful D. hard
3. A. did well in B. was poor at C. was working D. was good for
4. A. was angry B. thought hard C. agreed D. said “No.”
5. A. a little B. a few C. many D. a lot
6. A. rest B. sleep C. hospital D. work
7. A. should B. would C. to D. not to
8. A. to remember B. to forget C. to catch D. to teach
9. A. slept B. went out C. cooked D. ate
10. A. reading B. seeing C. cooking D. writing

3
Why do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me __1 _ a question. But many times I have asked myself. I have __2__ a whole variety of reasons. __3__ important reason is that I want to be a better man.
Many things make human beings different __4__ or better than or even superior to animals.
One of the most important things is __5__ . If I fail to receive higher education, my education __6__. As I want to be a fully __7__ man, I must get a well-rounded education, which good colleges and universities are supposed to __8__. I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are __9__ the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only when I am well-educated, will I be a better human being and __10__ fit into society.
1. A. quite B. so C. such D. another
2. A. come up with B. agreed with C. been fed up with D. got on well with
3. A. Most B. The most C. More D. Much
4. A. to B. around C. between D. from
5. A. education B. weather C. temperature D. science
6. A. finished B. don’t finish C. will not finish D. has finished
7. A. develop B. developed C. developing D. experience
8. A. improve B. graduate C. hear D. provide
9. A. between B. among C. inside D. outside
10. A. can good B. may better C. be able to better D. be able to best

4
It is interesting how NASA(美国航空航天管理局)chose their astronauts for landing them on the moon. They chose men 1 the age of twenty and thirty-five. There were about fifty of them , Many were 2 air pilots. 3 were scientists with two or three degrees. NASA telephoned each man they were going to choose ;told him the plans and the 4 they might get in. They then asked him if he was willing to be trained as an astronaut. “How could any man 5 such an exciting job?”One of them said, “Dangerous? Of course. It’s dangerous 6 most exciting”
The health and physical condition of 7 was, of course, very necessary. 8 those in very good health and physical condition were chosen.
While being trained to be astronauts. they went through many 9 . They studied the star and the moon , and they also studied geology, the science of rocks. This was necessary 10 astronauts would have to look for rocks on the moon. They would try to find rocks which might he