人教版英语必修三unit4知识点以及相应练习(超级好).doc

Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars写得准用得活积得多1.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的2.astronomy n. 天文学3.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落4.system n. 系统；体系；制度5.theory n. 学说；理论6.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛7.thus adv. 因此；于是8.pull n&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力9.float vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物10.harmful adj.有害的harm n害处 vt.对有害11.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地12.puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的13.unlike prep.不同；不像like (反义词)prep.像dislike v& n不喜欢14.exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在15.globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的16.religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的用所给词的适当形式填空1. (like) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus.2.We live in a (globe) village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.3.Do you believe the of ghosts? Perhaps they only _ in the minds of some people.(exist)4.Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more . Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use whatever happens.(violent)5.There was a look on the little girls face because a _problem her.(puzzle)6.Playing computer games will not only do to your physical health, but it is also _ to your mental health.So there is no in advising you to give it up.(harm)1.与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦astronomy n 天文学astronaut n. 宇航员gravity n. 万有引力satellite n. 卫星orbit n. 轨道spaceship n. 宇宙飞船universe n. 宇宙launch vt. 发射2.各种“碰撞”聚焦crash v 碰撞；坠落bump n&v. 撞；碰撞(声)collide v. 碰撞；相撞collision n. 撞击；碰撞run into 撞上knock into 撞上3.un前缀高频形容词全接触unlike 不像的unable 不能的unacceptable 不能接受的unbelievable 不可相信的uncertain 不确定的unclear 不清楚的uncomfortable 不舒服的unfair 不公平的写得准用得活积得多1.in_time及时；终于2.lay_eggs 下蛋3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩4.in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着5.watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防6.cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋7.depend_on 依靠；取决于8.break_out 突发；爆发9.prevent_._from 阻止；制止10.block_out 挡住(光线)11.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解12.now_that 既然选用左栏短语填空1.Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.2.Cheer_up! You must believe in yourself and you will get success.3.Please tell me when Mr.Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up in_time.4.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this morning.5.Youve made me suffer in the past, so now you, in_your_turn,_suffer again！1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃watch out (for)小心；当心()look out 当心take care 小心be careful 小心2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事prevent sb. from doing sth.stop sb. from doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth.(2)禁止某人做某事prohibit sb. from doing sth.ban sb. from doing sth.forbid sb. from doing sth.背原句记句式会仿用1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。The girl knows three foreign languages, which makes_it_easier_for_her_to_find a good job.2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“.倍数as形容词/副词原级as .”是倍数表达法之一，意为“是的多少倍”。杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？Now_that_it_benefits_us so much, why not have a try？1harmful adj.有害的经典例句Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth.专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。2exist vi.存在；生存教材原句They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)There exists . 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into (exist)关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。名师指津exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难 n谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜教材原句How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzle about冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解Where the lost boy has gone still remains puzzle to us.丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。His last paintings are perhaps the most ,_which even all the artists.(puzzle)他最后的一批画作也许是最让人困惑的，这些画作甚至使所有的艺术家们都非常困惑。.基础点全练1单句语法填空I can say that it is the most (violence) film that I have ever seen.The festival of this year has been a great success, (like) the year before when it rained nonstop.The conversation was carried on a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull than to build up.Her (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and crashed a truck.重难点多练1exist全方位(1)单句语法填空There (exist) a good way to solve the (exist) problem at present.As is known to us, the Republic of China came into (exist) as an independent country in 1949.2harmful面面观(1)用所给词的适当形式填空As we all know, a bad eating habit is (harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned, there is no (harmful) in making an apology to him first.1in time及时；终于；总有一天 (1)in no time立刻；马上 at a time 每次；一次at the same time 同时 from time to time 有时；偶尔2in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；反之；相应地by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that . 结果3cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋4But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as .是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。as far as .“远到”。英语中常见的倍数表达法有：The red ruler is three times as (long) as the yellow one.The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.The red ruler is three times the (long) of the yellow one.这个红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。5“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。在语义上相当于since，that在口语中可以省略。.基础点全练1单句语法填空Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ,_hoping to make his parents less worried.The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other. was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck.Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week its turn.I had meant to call you, but was prevented doing so.单句语法填空1I could feel the wind (gentle) blowing through my hair, it was a warm summer breeze.2Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.3The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times (big) than the present one.4As we know, getting angry not only does harm ones health but also has a bad effect the relationship between people.5It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe in yourself.6He failed the exam and I didnt know how to cheer him .7After several years of practice, I think I will finally get the hang spoken English.8All theories come from practice and turn serve practice.9Sometimes he found very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.10There were many fish (float) in the river because of the serious pollution.单句改错1There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.2Youll succeed on time because you are always working hard.3Do you know when the Marriage Law came into an existence？4We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.5 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work.6The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.练(一)英语知识运用组块专练练准度.完形填空The other day I was having a meal in an Italian restaurant when I got a phone call from a long lost friend. In my excitement I talked slightly _1_ than usual and in Spanish, my mother tongue. A few minutes into the _2_ the lady sitting at the table beside mine got up, seemingly _3_， and asked the restaurant staff to find for her another _4_ as far away as possible from me. I _5_ in my seat out of embarrassment, feeling the _6_ to go over and apologize.I looked around and _7_ the lady was alone and staring out the window at the table furthest away from me. I was about to stand up when it hit me that she might prefer not to be _8_. Right then I _9_ my plans for a conventional apology and decided to conduct an experiment. Seeing those _10_ smile cards in my wallet I took one out. On signing my restaurant check I asked my waiter to _11_ charge the ladys meal to my credit card and _12_ her a smile card instead of her bill.When I was _13_ I told the staff I would be back in a few hours to pick up my credit card and close the bill. I returned later as I promised, excited to learn the _14_ of the experiment. To my pleasant surprise, things _15_ the best possible way. The restaurant staff happily approached me, telling me that in the many times she had had dinner there before _16_ had they seen the old lady smile and laugh like she did _17_ receiving the smile card and the D|S0 _18_. She thanked the staff _19_ they explained that someone else did the job.To top it off, the staff asked me about the smile cards so as to conduct their own _20_. It was an interesting, fun experiment which may hopefully result in many more.1A.better Bmore Cfaster Dlouder2A.call Bspeech Cquarrel Dsaying3A.tired Bworried Cannoyed Dconfused4A.chair Btable Croom Dspace5A.hid Blay Csank Dtook6A.chance Burge Cpity Dmistake7A.spotted Btold Cheard Drecognized8A.attracted Bwatched Cnoticed Ddisturbed9A.had Bmade Cabandoned Drefused10A.funny Buseless Cexpensive Dstrange11A.instantly Bsecretly Cslightly Dfreely12A.draw Bbuy Cdrop Dhand13A.going Barriving Cleaving Dwalking14A.outcome Beffects Crules Dsituations15A.worked out Bturned out Cwent out Dfigured out16A.ever Beven Cstill Dnever17A.on Bto Cat Dwith18A.gift Bnote Ccheck Dexpense19A.unless Bbecause Cas though Deven though20A.shops Bexperiments Cbusinesses Drestaurants.语法填空What should you do if you are not able to sleep? The best thing is to try to avoid bad habits. _1_ you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this sets a _2_ (health) rhythm in your life. Dont drink caffeine drinks in the evening. Smoking and alcohol can also keep you awake. You may have trouble _3_ (sleep) if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed.You may also find it difficult _4_ (get) to sleep if you have a problem or something else on your mind. This is _5_ you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax _6_. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. If you _7_ (think) about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it. That will help to take it off your mind. You can also get up and read, but be sure to choose _8_ book that is not too difficult. _9_， you may get so interested that you wont want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. Sleep well! Sweet _10_ (dream)!练(二)第卷强化增分组块专练练规范.语法填空Most Americans dont like to get advice from members of their family. They get advice from “strangers”. When they need advice, they _1_ (rare) go to people they know. Instead, many of _2_ write letters to newspapers and magazines _3_ give advice on many different subjects _4_ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how to buy a house or a car.Most newspapers regularly print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who _5_ (suppose) to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, and others are lawyers or _6_ (educate). Among the writers, two women are famous. _7_ they have no special training for this kind of work, they can give the readers suitable advice because they are rich _8_ life experience and good at communicating with others. A survey was done last year about why people _9_ (turn) to strangers for help and why the two women were wellreceived. Most people interviewed in _10_ survey said this way could help protect their privacy and the advice from the women was practical and effective.短文改错Last Saturday, our school had organized an activity to visit the children at a local orphanage. As one of the volunteer, I took part in it. We took many books as well many kinds of school supplies and toys to the children. They were delighting to receive the gifts. In the morning, we played some games with them when we used to play in our childhood. Then we cooked and had lunch here. In the afternoon, we gave them some performances. Before leaving the orphanage, we had photos take with them and gave them our contact details so that they could keep in touch with one another. Each of us had a happily time. We gave the children our care and help, but in return, they gave us their smiles and love.书面表达近年来，人们对中国传统节日的关注程度日益下降，而洋节日却越来越受到人们的追捧。你们班就这一现象进行了热烈讨论，请用英语写一篇短文。要点如下：赞成的理由1.有助于吸收外来文化，促进跨文化交流；2.有些节日具有教育意义，如母亲节、感恩节等反对的理由1.外来文化入侵，特别是宗教节日；2.失去对中国传统节日的兴趣个人观点注意：1.词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头已给出，不计入总词数。Nowadays, western festivals such