高中英语语法宾语从句讲解.doc

高中英语语法宾语从句讲解篇一：高中宾语从句精讲及练习(含答案) 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 1.宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语: I heard that he would come here later on. 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语 作介词的宾语: He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语 2.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 连词： He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. Attention：宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否 定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？ 当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。 Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she? 练习题 (1)I dont think he is right,_? Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I (2). He believes she is right, _? Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she (3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_? Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I (4). I find _ important that we practice English every day. A. it B. this C. that D. what (5). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 在以下情况中that不能省略 1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 2、 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。 Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3、 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 I cant tell him that his mother died. 4、当it作形式宾语时例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him 许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe 6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; 由whether,if 引导的宾语从句 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if： 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if?or not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用whether。如： Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 在不定式前用whether。如： He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book可理解为： bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我 只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句 1、 if引导条件状语从句，意为”如果” The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2、 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 3、 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时 He talks as if he has known all about it. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。 连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 练习题 (1) I dont know _or not. A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home (2) This depends on _ the weather is fine. A. which B. whether C. if D. that (3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. that (4) I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where (5) - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David? - Yes, Mum A. what B. that C. why D. if (6) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is? - He may live at or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _. A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where (7) There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choose 三.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。 I dont know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 练习题 (1) Did you find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for (2) Are you interested in _? A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it (3) I dont know _. Can you tell me? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are (4) - What did the scientist say? - He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly (5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where （6）She asked Tom _ with his car? A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter篇二：高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解 高中英语语法讲解-虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Dont forget to close the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have 过去分词。 如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。） If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。） 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)； should动词原形；were to动词原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。 如： If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。 （事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。） If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。 （事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。） 虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。如： If we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch time. 假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希望) If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station. 假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。（表不希望） 4. 混合型的条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。 He would pass the test if he had taken my advice如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。 如条件从句用if I were.，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。 如： If I were not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我就会去了。(were表过去) If I were you, I would go. 假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在) 二. 连词if的省略（倒装） 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。 Had you not helped me， I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。 例：1. _ he would have succeeded in the examination. A. Had he worked hard B. If he worked hard C. If he works hard D. If he has worked hard2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. A. Should B. Be C. WereD. Will 3. _, he would teach us how to solve the problem. A. Were he here B. Was he here C. If he isD. Is he here 4. _, we should be glad. A. Were they to arrive tomorrow B. They were to arrive tomorrow C. They would arrive tomorrow D. They arrive tomorrow 5. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. A .Were it not forB. If it had not been for C. If it were not D. Had it not been for 答案：15 AAAAA 三. 含蓄条件句 虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。 1) 条件暗含在短语中。 如： But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help)What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中) It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。 (条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way中) This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster. 同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone) 2) 条件暗含在上下文中。 如： You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含 if you should accept it) 3) 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。 如： You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意来。 四. 不用if引导的条件从句 虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。 如： The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed. 农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。 Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning. 我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。Unless I were well, I wouldnt be at school. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。 Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept? 假如给你一个到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？（suppose 或 supposing =what if）Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？） 要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？ He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow. 如果明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车。 In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。 与if一样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气，表可能实现或发生的事。虚拟语气补充讲解（第二课时） 虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。 1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 “常用在It is (was)+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。 Its important that we（should）work out a plan. （带有“要求”的含义） Its better that he go at once. （带有“建议”的意思） 用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent， 等。It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once Its strange that he should say so. I was glad that he should go. It is important that we should speak politely. It is a pity that she should fare so badly. Its right that you should think that way. 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight Im ashamed you should have done such a thing. It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off有人建议推迟会议。It is settled that you leave us, then? 注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。 句型总结： It is necessary that It is important that It is natural that It is strange that It is surprising that It is impossible thatIt is great pity that It will be better that It is suggested that It is ordered that. It is demanded that 2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1). 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。如： The doctor suggested that he not go there医生建议他不要去那里。 He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。 The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。 例：1. The teacher insisted that every student _