2019年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题四任务型阅专题限时检测(二十六)任务型阅读(三).doc

2019年高考英语二轮复习 增分篇 专题巧突破 专题四 任务型阅 专题限时检测（二十六）任务型阅读（三）
(xx·苏、锡、常、镇高三三模)
reveal lifestyle secrets
What does your phone say about you? Molecules found on mobile phones reveal an astonishing amount of information about the owner's health and lifestyle — including their food preferences and medication
Californian scientists found traces of everything from caffeine and spices to skin creams and antidepressants (抗抑郁药物) on 40 phones they tested. We leave traces of molecules, chemicals and bacteria on everything we touch. Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent the transfer to everyday objects, the researchers said. Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光谱测定), the University of California, San Diego research team tested 500 samples taken from 40 adults' mobile phones and hands. They then pared them with molecules identified in a database and produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.
Dr Amina Bouslimani, an assistant project scientist on the study, said the results were revealing. “By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones, we could tell if a person is likely to be female, uses high­end cosmetics (化妆品), dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer to wine, likes spicy food, is being treated for depression, wears sunscreen and bug spray — and therefore likely to spend a lot of time outdoors — all kinds of things，” she said.
Most of the molecules are thought to be transferred from people's skin, hands and sweat to their phone. Mosquito repellents (驱蚊剂) and sunscreens were found to stay for a particularly long time on people's skin and phones, even when they had not been used for months. Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.
The study said the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints. It could also check if patients were taking their medication. Besides, it could provide useful information about a person's exposure to pollution.
The researchers now want to find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin — and what they reveal about us. Senior author Prof Pieter Dorrestein said there were at least 1,000 different microbes living on the average person's skin, in hundreds of locations on the body.
Molecules (分子) found on phones reveal lifestyle secrets
Research result
Your mobile phones convey a large amount of information on your personal health and lifestyle.
(1)______
research
People who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.
Research
(2)______
● Molecules, chemicals and bacteria can be traced on mobile phones (3)________the habit of washing hands thoroughly.
●With the help of a(n) (4) ________， researchers tested 500 samples from 40 phones.
●(5)________ the samples with molecules identified in a database, scientists produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.
●Based on the (6)________ of the molecules, scientists could tell a person's gender, habits, hobbies, etc.
Practical
application
●The testing method can tell an object's owner's (7)________ in the absence of fingerprints.
●Information about a person's medication can be checked.
●How much a person is (8) ________to pollution can be traced.
(9)______
research
The researchers want to have a better (10) ________of bacteria covering our skin.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，手机上的分子会泄露有关其主人的健康和生活方式方面的信息。
1．Previous　信息概括题。根据表格右栏的内容及第四段最后一句“Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days ... on their skin.”可知，此处讲的是先前的研究成果。
2．details/information　信息概括题。根据第二、三段的内容及表格右栏中的信息可知，此处介绍的是研究的具体情况/信息。
3．despite　信息转换题。根据第二段中的“...Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent ...”可知，即使你有彻底洗手的习惯，手机上也会留下分子、化学品和细菌的痕迹。
4．technique　直接信息题。根据第二段中的“Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光谱测定)”可知，研究人员使用了一种被称作光谱测定法的技术。
5．paring　信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句话中的“They then pared them with molecules identified in a database”可知，研究人员将收集的样本与他们在数据库中找到的分子进行了比较。
6．analysis/analyses　信息转换题。根据第三段第二句话中的“By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones ...”可知，根据对分子的研究分析，研究人员可以辨别一个人的性别、习惯、爱好等。
7．identity/identification　信息转换题。根据第五段第一句话中的“the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints”可知，即使没有指纹，这种测验方式也可以识别出物体的主人的身份。
8．exposed　信息转换题。根据第五段最后一句话中的“... about a person's exposure to pollution”可知，这种测验方式能提供有关一个人接触污染的程度的信息。
9．Future/Further　信息概括题。根据表格右栏中的信息及最后一段的内容尤其是“find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin ...”可知，此处内容有关未来的/进一步的研究。
10．understanding/knowledge　信息转换题。根据最后一段第一句话中的“find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin”可知，研究人员想要更好地了解我们皮肤上的细菌。
B
(xx·苏州高三一模)
Are we more narcissistic (自恋的) than ever before?
Like the flower, narcissism has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has bee such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism. Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.
Grandiose (浮夸) narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted (外向) form. The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better­looking and more important than others. And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact. In fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people. On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.
Vulnerable (脆弱) narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism. It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low self­confidence and are not typically extraverted. Imagine someone living in his mum's small room. He spends his evenings watching The X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act. Unfortunately, he hasn't the confidence to do it and instead bees a netizen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet munity.
The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a person's life — marriages fall apart, friends are lost, a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disorder — narcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD ), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.
Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this. For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and passion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets your attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes.For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following. First, people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problem — everyone else does. Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.
Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn't been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration. Still, I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with.

Are we more narcissistic (自恋的) than ever before？
Current
situations
about
narcissism
·Narcissism has developed to bee a part of culture.
·Narcissism is more (1)________ than expected in psychology.
(2)______ of narcissism in divided types
·A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness.
·A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated
(3)________．
·A narcissist is often cold and likely to (4)________ care in emotion towards others.
·Vulnerable narcissism is more (5)________ than grandiose narcissism.
·A narcissist isn't actually confident though in his opinion he (6)________ special things.
·Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic, affecting the personal life.
The
approaches to treating narcissism or NPD
·Be more considerate, do favorite things and take (7)________ for whatever they do.
·Try to (8)________ by making more friends, doing exercise and so on.
·Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to (9)________ treatment.
The future trend
·Narcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media.
·Narcissism can be (10)________ if handled actively in proper ways.

1．plicated/plex　信息转换题。根据第一段中的“But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture”可知，心理学上的自恋不仅仅是一个简单的问题，显然此处是在暗示其是“复杂的”问题，所以填plicated/plex。
2．Features/Characteristics　信息概括题。根据文章第二至四段及表格右栏的内容可知，这里说的是自恋的“特点”，所以填Features/Characteristics。
3．specially　信息转换题。根据第二段中的“he or she gets special treatment for this fact”可知，自恋者认为自己应该被“特别地(specially)”对待。

4．lack　信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句可知，从相反的角度来看，自恋者之间的关系通常缺乏情感上的温暖和关怀。故填lack。
5．hidden/concealed　信息转换题。根据第三段第二句可知，脆弱型自恋比浮夸型自恋更难观察到，这就暗示出，脆弱型自恋是更为隐蔽的(hidden/concealed)。
6．deserves　信息转换题。根据第三段中的“Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment ...”可知，脆弱型自恋者认为他们有权利得到特殊的对待，即他们认为自己应得到特殊的对待，所以填deserves，意思是“值得，应得”。
7．responsibility　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“being responsible for your mistakes”可知，此处指要对自己的错误负责。根据此空的结构来判断，要用responsible的名词形式构成固定搭配take responsibility for ...“对……负责任”。
8．relax　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety.”可知，作者在此处建议要增加可以减轻压抑和忧虑的练习，即要放松(relax)。
9．refuse　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment”可知，患这种疾病的人通常不愿意接受治疗，故此处指帮助他们不要拒绝(refuse)治疗。
10．changed/changeable　信息转换题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，此处指如果自恋得以正确处理的话，自恋这一状况可得到改变。故此处可填changed/changeable。

2019年高考英语二轮复习 增分篇 专题巧突破 专题四 任务型阅 专题限时检测（二十四）任务型阅读（一）
(xx·苏、锡、常、镇高三三模)
A xx study by researchers might make you think twice about difficult holiday emotions. They followed dozens of bus drivers for two weeks, looking to see when they flashed fake versus sincere smiles at their passengers. The results showed that on days when the drivers tried to put on an act and pretend to be in a good mood, their actual moods got worse. This was especially true for women. And another research suggests that people who really want to be happy actually obtain less happiness from positive experiences, apparently because their expectations are too high. Again and again, trying to gain happiness despite no preference seems to have the opposite result.
The results of the bus driver study can be explained by researchers Oliver John and James Gross, who found that negative feelings like sadness or anger only intensify when we try to suppress (压制) them. That's because we feel bad about ourselves when our outward appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside. What's more, when we suppress emotions like sadness, we deny them the important function they serve. If we don't recognize sadness we might not take the necessary steps to improve the situation. Expressing our sadness can also get fort and passion from those who care about us, strengthening our bonds.
Recently, scientists have also been paying special attention to the benefits of mindfulness. When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger (诱因), you pause rather than react, and then you can escape getting troubled by thoughtfulness. Rather than scold yourself, you simply notice what you're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong. Studies suggest that a mindful response to a negative event reduces the amount of sadness we experience, is associated with less depression and anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits, such as lowering our heart rates.
Unavoidably, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows. Perhaps the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well­being.
That was the key insight from a study published in xx by a team of researchers from Yale University. Their survey of more than 37,000 people found that, after experiencing a greater variety and abundance of emotions consistently linked to lower depression, people took less medication, visited doctors less frequently, spent fewer days in hospitals, practiced better dietary and exercise habits, and smoked less.
In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are like so many other parts of the holidays, they're nothing to fear. Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences.

When It's Not Quite a Wonderful Life
Main content
Detailed information
Research findings
about negative
feelings
●A study on bus drivers shows pretending to be in a good mood leads to a(n) (1) ________result.
●Another research suggests the (2) ________expectations we have, the less happiness we obtain.
●Two other researchers found suppressing negative feelings only intensifies them, due to the (3)________ between outward appearance and inward feelings.
●If we (4) ________ the function negative feelings serve, we won't recognize them or take measures to improve the situation.
●Expressing negative feelings makes us feel forted and sympathized with, and thus betters our relationship.
A (5)________
to dealing with
negative feelings：
a mindful
response to them
●The (6)________ of mindfulness：
1．When we respond mindfully to an emotional trigger, we pause rather than react.
2．We simply notice what we're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong, instead of (7)________ ourselves.
●The benefits of mindfulness：
1．It (8) ________ us from trouble.
2．It reduces the amount of sadness, depression and anxiety.
3．It brings in physiological benefits, such as lowering our heart rates.
A correct attitude towards negative
feelings
●A study published in xx found experiencing various emotions results in less medication, fewer doctor (9) ________， fewer days in hospitals, less smoking and better dietary and exercise habits. In other words, it does good to our overall well­being.
●Consequently, we should not fear negative feelings. Just be sure to (10) ________them with lighter experiences.

1．opposite/opposing　直接信息题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“opposite”可知答案。
2．higher　信息转换题。根据第一段倒数第二句“And another research ... apparently because their expectations are too high.”可知答案。
3．contradiction　信息转换题。根据第二段前两句话，尤其是第二句的“... when our outward appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside”可知答案。
4．deny/refuse/reject　直接信息题。根据第二段中的“What's more, when we suppress emotions like sadness, we deny them the important function they serve.”可知答案。
5．solution　信息概括题。根据表格右边对应的信息可知，这里指的是