高三英语二轮复习虚拟语气.pptx

语气是动词的一种形式。语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度词或状态所持的态度,而而且在谓语动词上有所体现。且在谓语动词上有所体现。语气分三种语气分三种:陈述语气陈述语气;祈祈使语气使语气;虚拟语气。虚拟语气。1.陈述语气多见于大多数句子里陈述语气多见于大多数句子里,用来陈述事实或用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问就事实提出询问,广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。He could swim,but he didnt jump into the water to save the boy.2.祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求，劝告或命令。提出请求，劝告或命令。Shut the window before leaving.3.虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。的假设等。If I were a bird,I should fly in the sky.一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用三三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用四四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的的 使用使用五五.虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用六六.虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用七七.虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用八八.虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用的使用如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。件句，即虚拟条件句。1与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：过去式（从句：过去式（be只用只用were）主句：主句：would(should/could/might)+动词原形动词原形 If it were not raining,we should go for a picnic.If he came here,he might be able to help you.高考例题高考例题1）(1984年高考年高考)If there were no subjunctive mood,English_ much easier.A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be 答案答案:D2与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：从句：had+p.p.主句：主句：would(should/could/might)+have+p.p.She should have gone to the party if she had been invited.If she hadnt called me,I should have overslept this morning.2）(1993年高考年高考)If he _,he _ that food.Luckily,he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have warned;had not taken 答案答案:B3与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：过去式或从句：过去式或should/were to+动词原形动词原形主句：主句：would(should/could/might)+动词原形动词原形If I were to be 20 years old next year,I should take the course of computer science.If it should fail,I would try again.What would happen if the earth stopped turning?3）If he _ tomorrow,he would find Mr.Wang in the office.A.comes B.will come C.should come D.come 答案答案:C 注：注：1。在。在if引导的非真实条件句中，引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略，可以省略，但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）If he had been warned,he would not have taken that food.=Had he been warned,he would not have taken that food.What would happen if the earth stopped turning?=What would happen if the earth were to/should stop turning?=Were the earth to stop turning,what would happen?=Should the earth to stop turning,what would happen?4）_ he would have succeeded in the examination.A.Had he worked hard B.If he worked hard C.If he works hard D.If he has worked hard 答案答案:A2某些介词某些介词without/but for等或连词等或连词 otherewise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语 气。气。Without air,we would not live even for five minutes.=If there were no air,we would not live even for five minutes.But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.=If it had not been for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.Jack cant have arrived yet;otherwise he would have telephone me.=Jack cant have arrived yet;if he had arrived,he would have telephone me.5）(1991年高考年高考)Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 答案答案:D6）(2001年上海春招年上海春招)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scored B.scored C.would score D.would have scored 答案答案:D3当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相反的说法。反的说法。If he had followed the doctors advice,he would be all right now.2）现在时与过去时混合使用。现在时与过去时混合使用。If he could pass the exam now,he would have passed it last time.3）现在时与将来时混合使用。）现在时与将来时混合使用。If he were here now,he was to start off with us tomorrow.7）(2002年上海年上海)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall答案答案:B 8）(1995年高考年高考)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 答案答案:C二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用用 1在动词order/demand/insist/command/advise/suggest/request/require/decide/ask等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。Janes uncle insisted that she not stay in the hotel.The workers requested that their working conditions be improved.注：这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气。Janes pale face suggested that she was ill.He insisted that he was right.9）(1987年高考)The judge ordered that the thief _ punished.A.would be B.should be C.was to be D.must be 答案:B10）(1997年高考)Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill,and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has答案:B2动词wish的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件从句的谓语动词形式一样，即：现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。I do wish that I could help you.I wish I had known the answer to the question.高考例题 11）(2002年上海春招)How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A.has B.had C.will have D.had had 答案:B12）(1988年高考)I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seen B.did seen C.had seen D.were to see 答案:C2.It+be+important/desirable(理想的)/better/strange/necessary/surprising/+that从句(should+动词原形)It is necessary that you(should)be present at the discussion.3.It is a pity/a matter of regret/wonder/shame+that从句(should+动词原形)4.It is(high/about)time+that 从句(动词用一般过去时态)It is time we left.=It is time for us to leave.It is high time that he began to think how to deal with money.例题13)It is desirable that the plane _ as light as possible.A.was B.be C.is D.were 答案:B三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用1.It+be+suggested/ordered/demanded/required/requested/planned/arranged/+that从句(should+动词原形)It was suggested that Jane(should)have a medical examination.14）It is high time that we _ to school.A.would go B.went C.will go D.had gone答案:B15）I would rather that you _ right away.A.leave B.left C.will leave D.should live答案:B四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用名词suggestion/proposal(建议)/order/advice/demand 等可以接名词性从句,从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形.My suggestion is that you(should)send a few soldiers to help them.He makes the demand that she(should)leave the place at once.例题 16）Their demand is that their wages _ increased by 20%.A.be B.should C.will be D.must be 答案:A17）The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A.give B.should give C.be given D.would be given答案:C 五.虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用 关联词有as if/as though(用法与wish后的宾语从句相同,即:现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。They look rather puzzled as if they didnt know anything about it.高考例题 18）(1993年高考)The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A.should be B.would be C.have been D.had been 答案:D六.虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用由so that/in order that/for fear that(以免)引导的从句中谓语动词常使用情态动词may/might/can/could 等.I got there earlier than usual so that I could be the first one to enter the church.He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exams.例题 19）The emperor gave the two cheats some gold in order that they _ their work at once.A.may begin B.can begin C.might begin D.should begin 答案:C七.虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用even if/even though 引导的让步状语从句,若表示与事实相反,其动词用虚拟语气形式,主从句中的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同.Even if/Even though I were rich,I would work.Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed.例题 20）Even if he _ here,he could not solve the problem.A.was B.were C.had been D.has been 答案:B八.虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望1.祝愿句常用动词原形或may引导的倒装句.God bless you!=May God bless you!例题 21）_ you enjoy many years of health and happiness.A.Wish B.Hope C.Expect D.May 答案:D2.if only 可表示现在或过去不可能实现的一种愿望,if only 后用动词的过去时或过去完成时.If only he had seen me!If only that photo werent missing!高考例题 22)(2000上海)If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.A.lies B.lay C.had lain D.should lie 答案:C