高中英语知识点总结.doc

1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doingNote: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 oclock; in 3 days.7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive.9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to doNote: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in.10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best.11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and youll succeed sooner or later.12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks.13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door.14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to doNote: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来。16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion.17.ask 用法：ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask forNote: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式。18.asleep 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配；sound asleep表示熟睡。19.attend 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。20.attention 用法：pay attention to; draw/catch sbs attentionNote: 写通知时的常用语：May I have your attention, please?21.beat 用法：表示打败某人，或连续不断地击打某物。Note: heartbeat表示心跳。22.because 用法：后面接原因状语从句，because of后面接名词。Note: because表示直接原因，因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。23.become 用法：系动词，表示变得。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。Note: become of sb.表示某人发生了什么事情。24.before 用法：before long, long before, the day before yesterday, the week / year before last 上上周/前年Note: It be + 段时间 before在该句型中，主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。25.begin 用法：begin to do; begin doingNote: 当begin本身是进行时的时候，只能用begin to do的形式。如：It was beginning to rain.26.believe 用法：believe sb.表示相信某人说的话；believe in sb.表示信任；6123结构。Note: 回答问句时通常用I believe so/not的形式。27.besides 用法：表示除之外还有，包含在一个整体之中。Note: 还可以用作副词，表示此外，要用逗号隔开。28.beyond 用法：表示越过、在另一边，如：beyond the wood/bridge.Note: 可以用于引申含义，表示超出，如：beyond control/power/description.29.bit 用法：与a little一样可以修饰不可数名词，形容词或副词。Note: 修饰名词时要用a bit of；not a bit表示一点也不。30.blame 用法：take/bear the blame; blame sth. on. sb.Note: 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态，如：He is to blame.31.blow 用法：blow down/awayNote: 表示风刮得很大时要用blow hard.32.boil 用法：boiling表示沸腾的；boiled表示煮过的。Note: boiling point可以表示沸点。33.borrow 用法：borrow表示借入：lend表示借出。Note: 点动词，不能表示借的时间长短。34.breath 用法：hold ones breath;out of breath; save ones breathNote: take a breath表示深吸一口气；take breath表示喘口气。35.burn 用法：burn down/up/ones handNote: burning表示点着的；burnt表示烧坏的。36.business 用法：on business表示出差；in/out of business表示开/关张。Note: 表示商业时不可数，表示具体的行业时可数。37.busy 用法：be busy with/doing.Note: 不能说My work is busy. 应说I am busy with my work.38.buy 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。39.but 用法：notbut. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only but also引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能40.by 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the wayNote: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。41.care 用法：take care of; with care; care for/aboutNote: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。42.carry 用法：carry表示搬运；carry on表示进行；坚持下去；carry out表示执行。Note: carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。43.case 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that caseNote: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。44.catch 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up withNote: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.45.cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here.Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。46.chance 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance thatNote: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。47.change 用法：change A for B表示用A换成B；change A into B 表示把A变成B。Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。48.class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。Note: in class表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。49.close 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。50.clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。Note: 要用few或many来修饰。51. buy 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。52. but 用法：notbut. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only but also引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能53. by 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the wayNote: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。54. call 用法： call for / up / back / in / , call on sb. to do sth., pay / make a call on sb. give sb. a call ,on callNote: call at后面跟地点；call on 后面跟人。55. care 用法：take care of; with care; care for/aboutNote: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。56. carry 用法：carry表示搬运；carry on表示进行；坚持下去；carry out表示执行。Note: carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。57. case 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that caseNote: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。58. catch 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with, catch sb. doing sth.Note: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.59. cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here.Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。60. chance 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance thatNote: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。61. change 用法：change A for B表示用A换成B；change A into B 表示把A变成B。Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。62. charge用法：charge sb. with (doing) sth. that , charge sb. to do sth. charge sb. for $Note: in charge of 负责； in the charge of 由某人负责(表示的是被动的)。63. class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。Note: in class表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。64. clear用法：clear away, clear off, make clear, it is clear thatNote: clear up 及物时表示“澄清，整理，收拾”；不及物表示“晴朗起来，开朗起来”。65. close 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。66. clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。Note: 要用few或many来修饰。67. collect 用法：collect stamps; collect ones child from schoolNote: a collect phone表示对方付费的电话。68. come 用法：表示到说话者所处的地方来。常见短语有：come to, come about, come across, come out,come to an end, come down, come up, come into being/ exist / force / effect等。Note: 可用作系动词，表示变成，如：His dreams came true.69. common 用法：表示普遍性，如：Smith is a common name.Note: common sense表示常识；in common表示共同点。70. compare 用法：comparewith表示把与作比较；compareto表示把比作。Note: 用作状语时，二者都可以表示比较，如：Compared with/to other women, she was very lucky.71. consider用法：consider doing sth. / what to do / that.，consider sb. sth. 6123结构Note: 该词直接跟宾语用动名词但可以用不定式作宾补；considering引导短语作状语，表示“考虑到”72. condition 用法：表示生活、工作等的条件或状况。Note: on condition that表示只要，条件状语从句。73. content 用法：be content with/to doNote: 表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。74. cost 用法：sth. cost sb. some money，只能用物作主语。Note: 修饰cost要用副词high或low.75. cover 用法：be covered with表示状态；be covered by表示动作。Note: 反义词uncover表示揭开盖子；discover表示发现。76. cross用法：cross off 划掉，cross ones mind, cross out, bear ones cross 忍受痛苦Note: 作形容词一般用于be cross with sb. = be angry with sb. 77. crowd 用法：be crowded with Note: 集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。78. cure 用法：cure sb. of Note: cure 强调治愈，表示结果；而treat知表示动作。79. cut 用法：cut down/up/offNote: 作名词时a short cut表示捷径。80. damage 用法：do damage to sb. = do sb. harmNote: 表示损害的时候不可数，复数形式可以表示赔偿费。81. danger 用法：in danger表示处于危险的境地。Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体危险时可数。82. dare用法：作为情态动词一般用于否定句，疑问句或者条件状语从句；作为实意动词后跟不定式。Note: I dare say that.意为：我猜测，可能，或许。83. dark 用法：before/after dark; in the darkNote: 可以表示深色的，如：dark blue.84. deal 用法：a great/good deal of修饰不可数名词。Note: 作动词时构成短语deal with, 常与副词how搭配。85. defeat用法：及物动词，后面的宾语是国家，队，军队等名词。Note: 不能用人作宾语。86. demand 用法：demand to do; demand that, demand of sb. to do sth.Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：demand that sb. (should) do的形式。87. depend用法：depend on sb./ sth. / ones doing sth. / to do sth. Note: depend 不及物动词，常和on连用。意为“依靠，信赖”88. desert 用法：名词表示沙漠；动词表示抛弃。Note: 可以用过去分词作表语或定语，表示废弃的，如：a deserted house.89. determine 用法：determine to do; determine sb. to doNote: 过去分词表示有决心的，可以说be determined to do sth. 决心做(表示状态)90. devote 用法：devote oneself to; be devoted toNote: 与devote搭配的to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。如：His whole life was devoted to teaching.91. die 用法：die of/from/for/out/ awayNote: 点动词，不与for引起的时间状语连用。92. difficulty 用法：have difficulty with; have difficulties with sth. ; have difficulty in doing sth. ;Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体困难时可数。93. disagree 用法：disagree with sb.Note: disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀，但并不是个否定词。注意它的反义问句形式：He disagreed with you, didnt he？94. distance 用法：in the distance; at a distanceNote: 可用于引申含义，表示时间上或情感上的距离。95. divide 用法：divideinto表示把分成几份。强调分成等份。Note: 可以表示除法，如：Nine divided by three is three.96. do 用法：do away with, do sb. a faour; do up; do with., do wonders, do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb.Note: 主要用作及物动词；不及物时表示“行”：If you have no pen, pencil will do.97. doubt用法：doubt sb. / sth. , beyond doubt, in doubt, no doubt, without a doubtNote: 主句是否定句时宾语用that引导；主句是肯定句时宾语用whether / if引导。98. downtown 用法：副词，前面不加介词，如：go downtown.Note: 可用作定语，如：a downtown street.99. draw 用法：draw a picture/the curtainNote: 引申含义表示得出，如：draw a conclusion/lesson.100. dream 用法：dream of/about/that高中英语词组固定搭配一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuse forgive sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“希望某人做某事”，英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。汉语的“感谢某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。三、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的34个常用动词admit doing sth. 承认做某事advise doing sth. 建议做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事avoid doing sth. 避免做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事delay doing sth. 推迟做某事deny doing sth. 否认做某事discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事fancy doing sth. 设想做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事imagine doing sth. 想象做某事keep doing sth. 保持做某事mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事report doing sth. 报告做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事understand doing sth. 理解做某事四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事find sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事send sb. doing sth.使某人（突然）做某事set sb. doing sth. 使（引起）某人做某事start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人做某事五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事let sb. do sth.让某人做某事listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事cant bear to do sth / cant bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遗憾）要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事 try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(6) cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事