2023年12月四级阅读题作文题.docx

第一套
46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
A) To what extent it can trouble people.
B) What role it has played in evolution
C) What circumstances may trigger it.
D) In what way it can be beneficial.
47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.
D) She conducted studies on birds’and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.
48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
　A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
　B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.
　C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.
　D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
　A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
　B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.
　C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
　D) She compared the responses of different participants.
50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
　A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
　B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
　C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
51. What does the author say is the problem with women?
A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.
B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.
C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.
D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.
C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.
D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.
53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?
A) Their unwillingness to say "no".
B) Their desire to be considered powerful.
C) An underestimate of their own ability.
D) A lack of courage to face challenges.
54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that ______.
A) women tend to be easily satisfied
B) men are generally more persuasive
C) men tend to put their personal interests first
D) women are much more ready to compromise
55. What is important to a good leader?
A) A dominant personality.
B) The ability to delegate.
C) The courage to admit failure.
D) A strong sense of responsibility.
第二套
46.what do we learn form the passage about cities in sub-saharan Africa?
A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.
B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.
C) They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.
D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.
47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?
A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.
B) It started when people's income was relatively high.
C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.
D) It started with the improvement of people's livelihood
48 Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?
A) It lacks adequate transport facilities
B) The living expenses there are toohigh
C) It is on the whole too densely populated.
D) The local governments are corrupted.
49. In what way does the author say African cities are different?
A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.
B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity .
C) They have developed at the expense of nature.
D) They depend far more on foreign investment
50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?
A) Lowering of apartment rent.
B) Better education for residents.
C) More rational overall planning.
D) A more responsible government.
5l. It used to be commony acknowledged that to succeed in America,one had to have————
A)an advanced academic degree
B) an ambition to get ahead
C) a firm belief in their dream
D) a sense of drive and purpose
52. What is the finding of the latest Naional Jounal poll concerming the Ameriean dream?
A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to
B) It remains alve among the majority of American people.
C)Americans' idea of it has changed over the past few decades.
D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it
53.What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving successe?
A) It still remains open to debate.
B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.
C) It is no longer as important as it used to be.
D) It is much better understood now than ever.
54 How do some people view college education these days?
A) It promotes gender equality.
B) It needs to be strengthened.
C) It adds to cultural diversity.
D) It helps broaden their minds.
55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?
A) A desire to learn and to adapt.
B) A strong sense of responsibility.
C) A willingness to commit oneself,.
D) A clear aim and high motivation.

第三套
46. What do people generally believe about aging?
A) It should cause not alarm whatsoever.
B) They just cannot do anything about it.
C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease.
D) They can delay it with advances in science.
47. How do many scientists view aging now?
A) It might be prevented and treated.
B) It can be as risky as heart disease
C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.
D) It is an irreversible biological process.
48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease"?
A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.
B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.
C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.
D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.
49. What do we learn about the medical community?
A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.
B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.
C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.
D) They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.
50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?
A) The human lifespan cannot he prolonged.
B) Aging is hardly separable from disease.
C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.
D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.
51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?
A) There are many more men applying than women.
B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.
C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.
D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.
52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?
A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.
B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.
C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.
D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.
53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letter for women applicants?
A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.
B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.
C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.
D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.
54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?
A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.
B) They invited women professionals to edit them.
C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.
D) They deleted all information about gender.
55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?
A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bias in their letters.
B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in reaserach work.
C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.
D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.

华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里，华山是秦岭旳一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕西与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与之前人们常去朝拜旳泰山不一样，华山过去很少有人光顾，由于上山旳道路极其危险。但愿长寿旳人却常常上山，由于，山上生长着许多药草，尤其是某些稀有旳药草，自上世界90年代安装缆车以来参观人数大大增长。
Located in the City of Huayin, Mount Hua is 120 kilometers from Xi’an. Mount Hua is part of the Qinling Mountains, which not only separate Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi, but divide China into Northern and Southern parts. Unlike the widely worshipped Mount Tai, Mount Hua was rarely visited owing to the dangerous paths to the top. However, those who longed for longevity visited Mount Hua on a regular basis because there were numerous medical herbs, particularly the scarce. There has been an increase in the number of travelers since the installation of the cable cars in 1990s.

黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山旳宏伟壮丽，一般得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，就得向下看。黄山旳湿润气候有助于茶树生长，是中国重要产茶地之一。这里尚有许多温泉。其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国重要旅游目旳地之一，也是摄影和老式国画最受欢迎旳主题。
The Yellow Mountain is located in the south of Anhui Province. With unique sceneries, it is particularly famous for sunrise and the sea of clouds. To enjoy the magnificence of a mountain, you have to look upwards in most cases. To enjoy Mount Huangshan, however, you've got to look downward. With the humid climate, which is beneficial to the growth of tea trees, the Yellow Mountain is one of the main places of production of tea in China. There are also a great many hot springs, whose water helps with the prevention and treatment of skin diseases. Being one of the major destinations for tourists in China, the Yellow Mountain is also a popular topic for photography and traditional Chinese paintings.

泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，并且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000数年一直是人们前去朝拜旳地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览，许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多旳文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处重要旳旅游景点。
Mount Tai, located in the west of Shangdong Province, is over 1500 meters above sea level, and covers an area of about 400 square kilometers. Mount Tai is a magnificent mountain. Besides, it is a famous mountain with history and culture. For more than 3000 years, it has been a place where people have taken a journey to worship. A total of 72 emperors were recorded as visiting it. In addition, writers have traveled to Mount Tai for inspiration, producing poems and essays. Artists come here to draw and paint pictures as well. As a result, a great many cultural relics were left on the mountain. Nowadays Mount Tai has become a main scenic attraction in China.