哈尔滨工程大学博士入学考试英语模拟题.doc

一、词汇
1. The motorist was ____ by the conflicting road signs.
a. punished b. bewildered
c. encouraged d. taught
2. He ____ over the edge of the carpet and fell.
a. looked b. stumbled
c. pushed d. impulses
3. After the quarrel, he completely ____ his relations with his family.
a. severed b. limited
c. closed d. ignored
4. She has the gift of ____ and was rarely wrong.
a. prophecy b. dream
c. praise d. wish
5. I found the lecture boring and ____.
a. reflective b. relevant
c. repetitive d. raw
6. He ____ something she didn¢t quite catch.
a. nosed b. murmured
c. spoke d. planned
7. The buses shake the house so much that we feel the ____.
a. movement b. collision
c. shiver d. vibration
8. This apple is quite ____ ; it is neither sweet nor sour.
a. tasteful b. tasty
c. tasted d. tasteless
9. With ____ efforts we can finish on time.
a. persistent b. tiresome
c. dull d. troublesome
10. Man¢s first landing on the moon was a ____ of great daring.
a. notoriety b. feature
c. feat d. livelihood
11. Susan that was a very hot day when she looked out the window saw sown many girls wearing dresses and blouses.
a. attained b. imagined c. associated d. assumed
12. We are more to boast how many Americans go to college than to ask how much the average college education amounts to.
a. committed b. inclined c. intended d. subjected
13. I have a little money away for the long winter.
a. lain b. laid c. lied d. lay
14. Many of the ideas behind television appeared in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
a. ancient b. original c. primitive d. raw
15. The sunset last night was a glorious of ever changing colour.
a. experience b. impression c. pageant d. site
16. The government paid the farmers for their potato .
a. shortage b. surplus c. dearth d. demand
17.The gravitational force ______ an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.
a. being acted on b. acting on c. to be acted on d. to act on
18.Before moving to another city, Frank_________ of the house and the furniture.
a. dispensed b. discarded c. disposed d. discharged
19. I expected him to be full of vigor and in good spirit and were disappointed by his attitude.
a. energetic b. lively c. listless d. active
20.The plan was ______ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
a. surrendered b. released c. abandoned d. discussed
二、填空

The greatest recent social changes have been 11 the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the 12 of a woman’s life spent in 13 for children . A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her 14 twenties., and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother 15 have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get 16 work. Today women marry younger and have 17 children . Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be 18 to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even 19 she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.
This important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic 20 . Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married , they usually left work at once and never 21 to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls 22 at school after that age, and though women 23 to marry younger, more married women stay at word at least until shortly before their first child is born, very many more afterwards return to full-or part-time work, Such changes have 24 to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the 25 and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.

21. A of B for C in D to
22. A amount B share C proportion D time
23. A attending B caring C looking D minding
24. A mid B medium C average D middle
25. A could B might C should D would
26. A paying B paid C payable D payment
27. A less B fewer C few D a few
28. A expected B hoped C likely D longed
29. A if B as C while D when
30. A situation B stand C position D aspect
31. A came B went C returned D clung
32. A are left B keep C are D stay
33. A intend B tend C mean D consider
34. A led up B led C resulted D caused
35. A problems B issues C duties D jobs

三、阅读

Passage 1
In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honour of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go. But some official records date from 766 B. C.
The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonoured persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain but events included boy's gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.
On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honoured by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honour that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.
After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A. D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.
Nowadays. The Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities. Including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes' expenses.
The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals. And it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

36. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games .
A. were merely national athletic festivals
B. were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour
C. had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position
D. were primarily national events with few foreign participants
37. In the early days of ancient Olympic Games .
A. only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games
B. all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part
C. all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in the Games
D. all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the games
38. The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics .
A. has not definitely been established
B. varied according to the number of foreign competitors
C. was decided by Zeus, in whose honour the Games were held
D. was considered unimportant
39. Modern athletes' results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because .
A. the Greeks had no means of recording the results
B. they are much better
C. details such as the time were not recorded in the past
D. they are much worse
40. Nowadays the athletes' expenses are paid for
A. out of the prize money of the winners
B. out of the funds raised by the competing nations
C. by the athletes themselves
D. by contributions

Passage 2

Around the earth at about latitude 30 degrees North and South and also over continents in winter, high pressure and weak winds tend to be dominant. In such regions the winds slowly spread out horizontally, and dry air sinks down from aloft to replace it. Because of the warming associated with compression of the descending air, anticyclones（高气压）generally are associated with clear weather, except locally where contact of air with a cold surface may result in fogs or low-hanging clouds.
Most of the regions where anticyclones tend to prevail are quite uniform in their surface characteristics; and with the slow diverging motions, large bodies of air with uniform characteristics tend to be generated. Several large bodies of air, called air masses, with distinctive properties are formed in this way.
Maritime tropical air masses form over the oceans at latitude 30 degrees north and south and may later be transported thousands of kilometers from their origin to create abnormally warm and humid periods of time and to supply abundant sources of water for clouds and rain in middle and high latitudes.
Air masses tend to come together to produce zones of great temperature contrast. Such regions were given the name fronts and were recognized as narrow zones of highly active weather change. The most noticeable fronts tend to be situated in winter in the eastern coast of North America, and similarly off Asia in the Pacific. The continental polar air masses tend to sink and spread out under the warm maritime tropical air masses. The warm air masses are thus pushed up over the polar air masses along the frontal zones and are cooled by expansion, and they consequently condense and cast down their moisture.

41. Anticyclones .
A. can occur even when there is fog or low-hanging clouds
B. can never occur when there is fog and low-hanging clouds
C. occurs only when there is a strong wind in cold weather
D. always occur when it is fine and clear
42. Air masses are formed when .
A. anticyclones become quite uniform in their surface characteristics
B. several large bodies of air with uniform characteristics meet
C. distinctive properties are developed in the air body
D. large bodies of air began to move in different directions
43. The word "maritime" in the third paragraph means .
A. hot B. strong C. moist D. oceanic
44. Fronts .
A. are areas where cold and hot temperature exist side by side
B. refers to the eastern coast of North America
C. are warm maritime tropical air masses
D. refers to narrow tropical air masses
45. When warm air masses are pushed up over the polar air masses along the frontal zones and are cooled by expansion, .
A. it becomes extremely cold
B. the air becomes moist
C. the weather becomes fine and dry
D. it begins to snow or rain

Passage 3
There were inns throughout the ancient civilized world, strategically placed to accommodate merchants, military personnel, government officials, and others whose work forced them to travel. Traveling for pleasure was almost unheard of. During the early Middle Ages, travel was infrequent and unsafe.
About the 12th century traveling again became relatively safe, and inns were established along the main routes to accommodate merchants, religious pilgrims（朝圣者）, and others. Inn standards rose steadily as local economies improved. By the end of the Middle Ages there were inns throughout Europe and in the Islamic countries, meant primarily for the use of merchants. The Industrial Revolution stimulated inn building, especially in England, whose inns became a standard for the rest of the world.
The first hotels in North America were Atlantic seaport inns and converted farmhouses along stagecoach routes. When canals and railroads were built in the 19th century, the wayside inn gave way to larger hotels built along the rights-of-way. As cities grew, new hotels were constructed in the business centers and theater districts. By 1800 the United States already had the largest hotels in the world, and this trend toward large size continued into the 20th century. The Stevens Hotel (now the Chicago Hilton and Towers) in chicago once boasted of being the largest in the world, with 3,000 rooms. It has since been exceeded in size by the hotel Russia in Moscow, and hotels with several hundred rooms have become common nearly everywhere.
As travel for pleasure gained popularity in Europe, luxury and resort hotels were built in many countries. The Savoy Hotel in London set new standards of luxury when it opened in 1889 by having its own electricity, theater, private chapel, laundry, and printing press. The hotel was managed by Cesar Ritz, who opened his own luxury hotel in Paris in 1898. The standards set by the Savoy and the Ritz have been imitated by hotels around the world.

46. Travelling for pleasure .
A. can be traced back to the 12th century travelling
B. became a reality in 1889 when the Savoy Hotel was built
C. was almost non-existent during the Middle Ages
D. was a privilege enjoyed only by the rich in the Middle Ages
47. It is implied that before the 19th century the development of hotel .
A. went side by side with the development of economy
B. was quicker when there was no war
C. played a leading role in British expansion and colonization
D. stimulated industrial development and international exchange
48. The largest hotel is .
A. the Savoy Hotel in London
B. the Ritz in Paris
C. Hotel Russia in Moscow
D. the Stevens Hotel in Chicago
49. The Ritz is admired for .
A. its important location in London
B. its luxuries and various services
C. its founder's leading role in hotel development