2023年职称英语考试理工类B级试题及题解.doc

2023年职称英语考试理工类(B级)试题及题解第1部分：词汇选项 (第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子背面所给旳4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近旳词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。1Have you talked to her lately? AlastlyBfinallyCshortly Drecently2Whilewedontagree，wecontinuetobe friends Awhoever Bwhere CAlthough DWhatever 3Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration AMuchBLargeCSmallDFixedt 4AboutonemillionAmericansarediagnosedannuallywithskincancer Aeveryyear Bseverely Cactively Deverymonth 5Thepolicemanwrotedownalltheparticularsoftheaccident Asecrets Bdetails Cbenefits Dwords 6We will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams AeffectBaccountCeffortDdiscount 7There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library AsmallBtotalCgoodDgreat 8Thechairmanproposedthatweshouldstopthemeeting. Ashowed Bsuggested Cagreed Dbelieved 9Maryhasblendedtheingredients. Amade Bmixed Ccooked Deaten 10Theyagreedtomodifytheirpolicy Aclarify Bdefine Cchange Ddevelop 11The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth Atake outBbreak offCpush in Ddig up 12The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September Aplay BshowCsend Dtell 13This table is strong and durable Along-lastingBextensiveCfar-reaching Deternal 14He endured great pain before he finally expired Afired BresignedCdied Dretreated 15Thegirlisgazingatherselfthemirror Asmiling Blaughing Cshouting Dstaring第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分） 下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes(龙卷风)and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and inc0 Trumbull County on Saturday evening：The storms were dramatic and dangerous George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状旳)cloud was behind him“I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloudIt was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a whileIt was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared”Snyder said Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on SaturdayIn Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sidesSome trees feel onto houses and CarsOther trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began“I knew something was wrong，”she said“I saw the sky go green and pink(粉红色)Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the houseI started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection” The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the areaIt will take a long time and much money to repair everythingThere was also serious water damage from me 也under stormsThe heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the riverMore than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull CountyThe river was so hight that the water ran into streets and houses Many streets had to be closed to Cars and trucks because of the high waterThis made it difficult for fire truckspolice cars，and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safetySome people reported five feet of water in their homesLocal and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated(撤走)The Red Cross served meals to them “This was a really intense storm。”said Snyder People were afraid。Mother Nature call be fierceWe were lucky this timeNo one was killed” 16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 George Snyder was a firefighter A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Power supply system was not damaged during the stoma A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 Several people were missing during the storm A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分） 下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第25段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第2730题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Ford 1 Fords great strength was the manufacturing .ring process-not inventionLong before he started a car company，he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machinesHe started putting cars together in 1 89 1. A1though it was by no means the first popular automobile，the Model T showed the world use how creative Ford was at combining technology and market2 The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转)Instead of having workers put together the entire Car，Fords friends，who were great toolmakers from Scotland，organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a lineBy the time F0rds Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914，the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5.aday minimum Wage scheme the greatest contribution he had ever madeThe average wage in the auto industry then was$2.34 for a 9.hour shiftFord not only doubled thathe also took an hour off the workdayIn those years it was unthinkable that a man could be Paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or educationThe wall Street Journal called the plan“all economic crime”and critics everywhere 1aughed at Ford4 But as the wage increased later to daily$i0，it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible(可及旳)to a11.The critics were too stupid to understand that because F0rd had 10wered his costs per car ,the higher wages didnt matter-except for making it possible for more people to buy Cars 23Paragraph 1_24Paragraph 2_25Paragraph 3_26Paragraph 4_ AFords FollowersBThe Assembly LineCFords Great DreamDThe Establishment of the CompanyEFords Biggest ContributionFFord8 Great Talent27The assembly line made it possible to_28Ford was the first to adopt_29Higher wages enabled many people to_30Fords higherwage and lowercost strategy was strongly_ Acriticized by the mediaBthe IOW wage in the auto industryCown a carDproduce cars In Large numbersEthe 8-hour-shift practiceFcombined technology and market第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。USBlacks Hardhit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americansbut black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites，the American Cancer Society said Monday In a special report on cancer and blacks，the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites，and they are more likely to die of the disease This could be because of unequal(不平等旳)access to medical Care。Because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well，and perhaps because of differences in the biology(生物学)of the can cancer itself, the report added “In general，black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis thail whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis”the report said “In describing cancer statistics for black Americans，this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care” The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups(体格检查)earlier, When cancer is more treatableand it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts，”the organization said in a statement But it also noted a出op in cancer death rates “Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992，as have incidence rates(发生率),”said the report 31Black Americans arc more likely to die of cancer than Apeople in other countriesBwhite AmericansCall other AmericansDtheir ancestors32Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks? AUnequal access to medical CareBGreater probability of having other diseases CDifferences in the biology of the cancer DEarly diagnosis33Cancer is more treatable if it isdetected Ain an early stageBin a late stageCa110fa suddenDtogether with other diseases34Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with Adeath rates Bvarious cancersCunfair social differencesDbiological differences35Since 1992，cancer death rates among black Americans Ahave been going up and down Bhave remained stable Chave increased Dhave fallenCrystal Ear One day a friend asked mywife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid“He certainly does”replied JillAfter hearing about a remarkable new productJill finally got up the nerve to ask me if Id ever thought about getting a hearing aid“No way,”I said“It would make me look 20 years older”“No，no”she replied”This is entirely differentIts Crystal Ear!” Jill was rightCrystal Ear is differentnot the old. Styled body worn over-the earaid，but all advanced personal sound system so small that its like contacts(隐形眼镜)for your earsAnd Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerfultooYou will hear sounds your ears have been missing for yearsCrystal Ear will make speech 10uder,and the sound is pure add natural I couldnt believe how tiny it isIt is smaller than the tip of my little finger and its almost invisible When wornThere are no wires。no behindtheear devicePut it in your ear and its readyto-wear mold(形状)fits comfortablySince its not too loud or too tight，you may even forget that youre wearing it! Use it at work or at playAnd if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations，use Crystal Ear only when you need it Hearing loss，which Occurs typically prior to teenage years，progresses throughout ones lifetimeA1though hearing loss is now the worlds number one health problem，nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing 10SS choose to leave the problem untreatedFor many millions，treating hearing 10SS in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits，expensive testing and adjustments to fit your earThanks to Crystal Ear，the“sound solution”is now convenient Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss，and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off(下降)，can be dramatically helped with Crystal EarMore over, its superior design is energy-efficient，so batteries can last monthsCrystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier(放大器) 36Initially the writer did not want t0 buy a hearing aid because Ait would make him look old Bit would make him nervous Cit was too expensive Dit was old-styled 37Which of the following is NOT true of Crystal Ear? AIt is highly sensitiveBIt is powerfulCIt is invisibleDIt is wireless38One special feature of Crystal Ear is that Ayou can control its volume Byou neednt take it off everyday Cit is solar-powered Dit saves power 39According to the passage，hearing loss is Aonly a minor health problemBthe worlds most common health problemCmerely a teenage diseaseDan incurable disease40Many people leave their hearing problem untreated because Ait is not seriousBCrystal Ear is not yet availableCit is not easy to have it treatedDthey dont want to look oldTechnology Transfer in Germany when it comes to translating basic research into industrial success，few nations can match GermanySince the 1940s，the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from scienceAnd though German prosperity(繁华)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕旳)record for turning ideas into profit Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought。after technologiesBut today the Fraunhofer institutes have competitionUniversities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all overThese efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success，but 1t is not without its crities,These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science，eventually starving industry of flesh ideasIf every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity driven:free and widely available will sufferOthers claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years While this debate continues，new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and LeibnizYet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer Founded in 1949.the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology，and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 peopleIt continues to growLast yearit swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in BerlinToday,there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia 41What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? ATechnology transferBGood management CHard workDFierce competition42Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research? AIt is