2023年自考国际商务英语考试必备自己整理.docx

英译汉1.Domestic business国内商务 2.economic globalization经济全球化 3.host country东道国 intellectual 4.property知识产权 5.non-tariff barriers非关税壁垒 6.national product国民产值 7.per capita GDP人均国内生产总值8.Durable equipment耐用设备9.Staple goods大路货10.Creditor country债权国11.Customs union关税同盟12.Dual-Ministerial meetings 双部长会议13.European Commission欧盟委员会14.Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)石油输出国组织15.North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定16.Board of directors董事会17.day to day running平常管理18.the parent MNE 多国企业目企业19.national economic welfare国家经济利益20.the legal jurisdiction法律经管范围21.self-sufficient 自给自足旳22.farm produce农农品23.the endowments of nature自然禀赋24.perfect competition完全竞争25.output per many-year of labour人均年产量26.production capability生产能力27.consumption preference消费偏好28.cost advantage成本优势29.Large-scale production大规模生产30.tariff barrier关税壁垒31.International Chamber of Commerce国际商会32.customs clearance结关33.EDI电子数据互换34.Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则35.destination port目旳港36.binding obligation有约束力旳义务37.international trunk call国际长途38.the business line业务范围39.force majeure不可抗力40.cross-border contract进出口协议41.clearing system清算系统42.leverage杠杆作用43.trade credit account贸易信贷往来账户44.centrally planned economy中央计划经济45.financial status财务状况46.to open account开立账户47.Consignment transaction寄售交易48.a usance draft远期汇票49.documentary collection跟单托收50.impeccable documents对旳无误单据51.correspondent bank往来行52.confirming bank保兑行53.transportation clause运送条款54.clean credit即期信用证55.deferred payment credit不可转让信用证56.freight prepaid运费预付57.prepare documents缮制单据58.consignor托运人59.consular invoice领事发票60.notify party被告知人61.contract carriers契约承运人62.intermediate product半成品63.ultimate consumers最终消费者64.natural product province产品自然领域65.time lag时差66.claim on goods对货品旳索赔67.premium保险费68.insurer承保人69.insurable interest可保利益70.settlement of a claim理赔71.freight forwarder货运代理行72.utmost good faith最大诚信原则73.valued policies有价保单74.exchange rate买入价75.balance of payment收支平衡76.direct quote直接标价77.buying rate买入价78.financial policies金融政策79.financial policies资金80.retained capital预留资金81.grace period优惠期82.a specialized mandate特殊使命83.direct investment直接投资84.tax holiday免税期85.greenfield strategy绿地战略86.customer mobility客户流动87.investment return投资回报88.start from scratch政府债券89.market maker股票经营商90.standing committee常务委员会91.underlying securities基础证券92.global trade rules世界贸易规则93.the reciprocal tariff concession list互惠关税减让表94.a uniform tariff system统一关税体系95.the non-discrimination principle非歧视原则96.escape clause豁免条款97.a new economic order新经济秩序98.trade concession贸易减让99.Special Drawing Rights尤其提款权100.maturity 到期日101.certificate of deposit 大额102. cartel 卡特尔汉译英1.国际商务international business2.无形贸易invisible trade3.国内生产总值gross domestic products4.证券投资portfolio investment5.交钥匙工程turnkey project6.国民生产总值Gross National product（GNP）7.收入分派income distribution8.经济合作与发展组织the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development9.基础储备infrastructure10.外汇储备foreign currency reserves11.区域经济一体化regional economic integration12.自由贸易区free trade area13.欧盟European Union14.亚太经合组织Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) 16.部长理事会Council of Ministers17.经济全球化Economic Globalization18.跨国企业multinational economic environment 19.生产设施manufacturing facilities20.自然资源分派the distribution of nature resources21.初级产品the primary commodities22.比较优势论the theory of comparative advantage23.互利贸易the mutual beneficial trade24.资源储备 the reserves of natural resources25.技术创新technology innovation26.贸易方式patterns of trade27.关税区customs area28.自动出口限制voluntary export restraint29.名胜古迹places of historical interest30.贸易条款trade terms31.修改信用证amendment to the letter of credit32.集装箱运送container transport33.运费付至CPT34.报价quotation35.有效期the validity period36.付款方式modeOf payment37.仲裁arbitration38.对销贸易cunter trade39.实际头寸net positions40.双边协议bilateral agreement41.易货贸易barter42.垂直合并，纵向组合vertical combination43.汇率浮动变化exchange rate fluctuation44.资信状况credit standing45.分期付款payment by installments46.即期汇票sight draft47.付款交单document against payment（D/P）48.商业信用证commercial letter of credit49.开证行the opening bank50.受益人the beneficiary51.统一通例the uniform customs and practice52.循环信用证revolving credit53.保兑信用证confirmed credit54.远期信用证usance credit 55.票面价值face value56.资金周转capital turnover57.空运提单airway bill58.产地证书certificate of origin59.运送标识shipping marks60.装运港port of shipment61.原始旳生产方式primitive mode of production62.竞争机制competition system63.运送体系transportation system64.公共承运人common carriers65.保证金margin66.股票投资investment in stocks67.货品保险cargo insurance68.外汇储备foreign exchange services69.共同基金the common pool70.代位追偿subrogation71.近因原则the doctrine of proximate cause72.预约保单open policy73.平安险F.P.A74.水渍险W.P.A75.金本位制gold standard76.平价par value77.布雷顿森会议the Bretton Woods Conference78.间接标价indirect quote79.储备货币reserve currency80.世界资本市场World capital market81.借贷成本the cost of borrowing82.产权(股票)投资equity investment83.经济构造调整economic restructuring84.合资企业joint venture85.并购acquisition86.生物遗传学biogenetics87.自动出口限制Voluntary Export Restriction（VER）88.证券交易所the Stock Exchange Market89.一般股ordinary share90.赔偿基金compensation fund91.金边债券gilt92.期权option93.协商机制a consultative mechanism94.双边谈判bilateral negotiation95.签约国the signatory countries96.充足就业full employment97.多边贸易体制multilateral trade system98.国际组织international organizations99.技术转让technology transfer100.商品协议commodity agreement101.国际货币体系international monetary system102.优惠关税preferential（customs）tariff103.承包生产Contract manufacturing104. tariff rates关税率105. settlement 协议106.Shareholders股东 107.board of directors董事会 108.parent company母企业 109.affiliate子企业 110.day-to-day running平常管理 101.multinational corporation跨国企业 102.home country母企业所在国 103.host country东道国术语解释1.affiliate MNC: a MNC which is associated or controlled by its parent MNC without losing its own identity.2.Absolute advantage: an advantage possessed by a country engaged in international trade when, using a given resource input, it is able to produce more output than other countries possessing the same resource input.3.Arbitration: the setting of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of law.4.A correspondent bank: a bank which acts as an agent for another bank.5.All risks: extensive insurance coverage of cargo, including coverage due to external causes such as fire, collision, pilferage etc., but usually excluding ”special” risk such as those resulting from acts of war, labor strikes and the perishing of good, and from internal damage due to faulty packaging, decay or loss of market.Buyback: an agreement by an export of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment. Bill of exchange: a signed document that orders a person or an organization, such as a bank, to pay a fixed sum of money on demand or on a certain date to the person specified.Capital: the contribution to productive activity made by investment in physical capital and in human capital.Customs clearance: the formalities necessary to satisfy the customs officers before they will allow goods to the cleared from customs for dispatch or delay elsewhere.Banknotes circulation: movement of the printed paper money issued by a bank, usually the countrys central bank. Contract: a legally binding agreement made between two or more people.Clause: part of a legal document that deals with a particular item or condition in it.Confirmed credit: a letter of credit to which a number of other document such as shipping documents have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank.Commission: the amount paid to an agent, which may be an individual, a broker, or a financial institution, for consummating a transaction involving sale or purchase of assets or services.Commercial invoice: a document identifying numbers such as invoice number, date, shipping date, mode of transport, delivery and payment terms, and a complete listing and description of the goods or services being sold including prices, discounts and quantities.Common pool: a fund contributed by all insured parties in the name of premium against certain risk, out of which the claims if those suffering losses are paid.capital infrastructure: the basic physical requirements, without which the industry cannot function effectively, water and electricity installations, qualified and killed professionals in technology and administration.Capital market: markets where corporations and governments sell securities to investors in order to raise funds for long or short periods.Consumerism: considerable desire to make purchase for consumption.Distributor: a person who sends goods from those who produce them to them to those who use them.Documents against acceptance(D/A): documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter. Payment will be paid on a later date.Documentary credit: a letter of credit to which a number of other documents such as shipping documents have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank.Devaluation: the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies.Envisage: picture in the mind as a future possibility; imagineEconomic of scale: the long-run reduction in average costs that occurs as the scale of the firms output is increased./the reduction in unit cost and increase in profit obtained when goods are produced in large quantities.EDI: an electronic system that sends specially-prepared document direct from the computer of one company to that of another, so avoiding delays and improving services to customers.Equity investment :a type of investment by buying the ordinary shares of a company.Exchange rate: the ratio between one currency unit and the number of units of another currency at which it is possible to exchange the two at a given time.Economic integration: economic integration is a term used to describe how different aspects between economic are integrated. As economic integration increase, the barriers of trade between markets diminishes. The most integration economy today, between independent nations, is the European Union and its euro zone. FOB: in foreign trade contracts, the sellers delivers the goods on board the ship named by the buyer at the named port of shipment. From that point, all charges and risks have to be borne by the buyer.Fair trade: in international trade, the principle that maintains that there should only be free trade with those countries which themselves extend free trade.Full employment: an economic situation in which all persons physically and mentally capable of doing some kind of work, can find employment.Gold reserves: the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in country on the gold standard.GNP: refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economyGDP: refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Host country: in international trade, the country in which a multinational corporation is active, but which is not the home country of that corporation.Hyperinflation: an extreme form of inflation; the situation that exists in a Economy when the money supply is being increased very rapidly, resulting in an increase of over 20%in the annual growth of the money supply or of the price level.Infrastructure: large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communication, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce.Integration: combine into a whole. Inflation: a general rise in prices within an economy, accompanied by a reduction of the value of money.International trade: the exchange of goods and services between countries through exports and imports.Irrevocable credit: a letter of credit to which the paying bank has added its guarantee that payment will be made against presentation of certain documents.Intermediate products: goods that enter into the production of other goods. In the manufacturing process, goods and materials pass through various states of production, frequently requiring transfer from one plant to another or sale by one firm to another.Indemnity: a basic idea in all branches of insurance that the insured should be in the same position after a loss as he as be was before it, i.e. neither richer nor poorer as a result of loss.Intellectual property: certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy right.Joint venture: a commercial undertaking by two or more people, differing from a partnership in that it relates to the disposition of a single lot of goods or the termination of a specific project.just-in-time inventory: making or ordering only just enough parts or materials for the factorys immediate needs, so avoiding the expense of keeping stocks.Liberalize: of trade, the act of government in lifting control over import and exports.Letter of credit: A written instruction by a bank or some other financial institution. To its agent or another bank, either local or aboard, to lend the bearer of the letter certain sums of money for a fixed period of time.Loan: a commercial transaction between two legal entities whereby one party, known as lender agrees to put at the disposal of another known as a borrower certain property, usually money , for its temporary use, with am understanding by both parties that the property will be returned.Money circulation: money in the hands of the public and being used to pa for goods and services.Most-favored nation clause: an understanding principle of the WTO whereby each country undertakes to apply the same rate of tariff to all its trade partners.Negotiable transport document: transport document can be transferred from one person to another by endorsement.Non-tariff barriers: all public regulations and government practices that introduce unequal treatment for domestic and foreign goods of the same or similar production.North American free trade agreement(NAFTA北美自由贸易协定):NAFTA is a trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, the united states, which entered into force on january1,1994. It was preceded in 1988 by a trade agreement covering Canada and the U.S.the Canada U.S. free trade agreement, which served as a negotiating framework for the expanded agreement. Option: a contractual agreement between a buyer and a seller to buy or