英语四级复习资料定语从句.pptx

The Attributive ClauseWhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_isHarryPorter.who is wearing glasses定语从句定语从句一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作在句子中作定语定语)(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which,who,whom,whose,that,aswhere,when，why二、用法二、用法:Thesearethetreeswhich/that wereplantedlastyear.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词:whowhomwhosethatwhich先行词是先行词是物物Thesearethestudentswho/that wonthefirstplacelastyear.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who，人，人，作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解分解作主语作主语whom，人，人，作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解分解作宾语作宾语that可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语.（可人可物）（可人可物）Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.whose作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语(whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，也可以指物).Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.作定语作定语Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.=Ihaveabookofwhichthecoverisyellow.which的的用法用法which，物，物，作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略As的用法的用法as:关系代词，主语、宾语或表语：关系代词，主语、宾语或表语：a.such+名词名词+as像像一样的，像一样的，像之类的之类的Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.b.such（pron.）+as像像一样的，像一样的，像之类的之类的ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.c.thesame+名词名词+as和和同样的同样的HeisnotthesamemanasIknew.3.只能用只能用that的情况的情况序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much,none,some等等不定不定代词代词作先行词时作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.先行词被先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much,theonly,few,thevery,thelast等修等修饰时。饰时。Ivereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.4.主句已有主句已有who或或which时时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.5.当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.6.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时(介词提前介词提前).指指人只用人只用whom,指物只用指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.7、先行词本身就是、先行词本身就是that时，只用时，只用whichWhatsthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?19when,where,why关系副词关系副词先行词先行词在从句中的成分在从句中的成分when时间时间时间时间状语状语where地点地点地点地点状语状语whyreason原因原因状语状语（二）引导定语从句的关系副词（二）引导定语从句的关系副词1.This is the place where I was born.2.I remember the day when I first met him.3.Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?关系副词关系副词When=on(in,during)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which（三）关系副词（三）关系副词与与介词介词+关系代词关系代词的替代的替代22whenwhen可用可用in/on/at/during+which代替代替1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.whenwhich23where where可用in/on/at/to+which代替1.The national park is the only place.2.Some rare plants grow in the park.The national park is the only place in which some rare plants grow.wherewhich.24whywhy可用可用for+which代替代替1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.ThisisthereasonforwhichIwaslateforschool.whywhich.25关系关系代词代词和关系和关系副词副词的区别的区别关系关系代词代词在定语从句中在定语从句中作主语、宾语作主语、宾语关系关系副词副词在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语限定性限定性restrictive定语从句与非限定性定语从句与非限定性nonrestrictive定语从句定语从句不可缺少的组成部分，不可缺少的组成部分，不用不用逗号逗号隔开隔开对主句先行词的补充说明，对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整意思完整.一般一般用逗号用逗号把主把主句和从句分开句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作关系副词，作宾语宾语时时一些关系代词一些关系代词可以省可以省略略引导词：引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，等，不用不用that,不不能省略能省略非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句（1）The house,which I bought last year,has a lovely garden.（2）This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数（1）He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.（2）Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。As引导非限制性定从He is a foreigner,as I know from his accent.(as指代一个句子，意为“正如”、“就像”，which则没有此含义)which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。He has to work on Sunday,which he doesnt like.Taiwan is,as you know,is an inseparable part of China.as引导非限制性定语从句，只代表引导非限制性定语从句，只代表主句或主句或主句的一部分所表达的意思主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代某个不能指代某个名词或代词名词或代词)，Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.Which可以指代某个名词或代词可以指代某个名词或代词Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.As用的句式有用的句式有:asissaidaboveasisknowntoallasisoftenthecaseasisreportedinthenewspaper