新编英语教程5-unit6-教学.pptx

Unit SixTEXT I Preparing for CollegevI.Library Workv1.Homer(8th century B.C.),the Greek epic poet to whom are attributed the Iliad and the Odyssey,the greatest epic poetry of all time.The Iliad,the tale of the siege of Troy(an ancient city in Asia Minor),is an epic poem in twenty-four books.The Odyssey is an epic poem which records the adventures of Odysseus or Ulysses,a Greek leader in theI.Library WorkvTrojan War,a legendary war waged anywhere from the 11th to the 14th century B.C.It is also in twenty-four books.v2.Dante Alighieri(1265 1321),Italian poet whose reputation rests chiefly on The Divine Comedy(ca.1309 1320),an epic poem that describes his spiritual journey through Hell and Purgatory and finally to Paradise,or the way of an individual soul from sin to purification.I.Library Workv3.Caius Julius Caesar(100 44 B.C.),Roman general and administrator who made himself master of the Roman world by defeating Pompey the Great(106 48 B.C.),the Roman general and statesman before him.Caesar ruled supreme until he was assassinated by a group of conspirators headed by Marcus Brutus and Cassius.I.Library Workv4.Robert Owen(1771 1858),British socialist reformer and founder of cooperative communities.He strove against social disorders brought about by the Industrial Revolution and urged Parliament to enact laws that would alleviate the bad working conditions in British factories.He assisted the tradeI.Library Workvunion movement.He discouraged the hiring of children.He established a cooperative society for the purchase and sale of commodities,and organized cooperative communities to create a better environment.William Owen is said to be a“red”,or a socialist,because he is a descendant of Robert Owen.I.Library Workv5.Tories are members or supporters of the Conservative Party in Great Britain.The term Tory was first used to name a member of a political party in Great Britain from the late 17th century to about 1832 that favored the authority of the king over Parliament and the preservation of the existing social and political order.It was succeeded by the Conservative Party in 1832.I.Library Workv6.Liberals are people of liberal principles or views,or members of the Liberal Party in Great Britain.Liberals favor progress or reform,as in political or religious affairs.I.Library Workv7.A Roman Catholic is a member of the Roman Catholic Church,the part of the Christian Church which acknowledges the Pope as its head.Catholicism differs from Protestantism in the importance it grants to tradition,ritual,and the authority of the Pope.I.Library Workv8.A Protestant is a member of the Protestant Church,which is any of the Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church.The Protestants reject the authority of the Pope or papacy(教皇统治教皇统治).They find authority in the text of the Bible.II.Organization of the Text1.He failed in a number of examinations required for entering the University of California and the cause of it.(Paragraphs 1-4)2.His private tutor,Mr.Nixon,exerted great influence on him;he encouraged his pupil to think and discover all by himself.(Paragraphs 5-12)II.Organization of the Text3.He found the best preparations for college in the stimulating Saturday night conversations among all those Oxford and Cambridge men.(Paragraphs 13-15)III.Key Points of the TextvParagraph 1vto be put off for a year:to be delayed for a yearvput sth.off:delay doing sth.vE.g.:Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。今日事今日毕。vI was not of them:I was not like them;I was not of their kind.Paragraph 2vso far as I could make out:so far as I could understandvmake out:understand,see,or hearvE.g.:That problem is just beyond me;I cant make it out.v He muttered a complaint that nobody could make out.Paragraph 2vthey looked dazed or indifferent:they looked confused/bewildered or uninterested/unconcernedvDaze is often used in the passive.To be dazed is to be made unable to think or feel clearly.vE.g.:His answer to the question left us all dazed.Paragraph 2vindifferent:not interested in,not caring aboutvE.g.:We should not be indifferent to the low achievers in school.vforeign to me:unfamiliar and strange to me;unknown to me;not within my experience.This is the formal use of the word foreign.Paragraph 2vE.g.:His concept of education is entirely foreign to us.vFrom Steffenss description of“the elect”in Paragraph 2,what has been revealed about himself?Paragraph 2v-He must be very different from those boys.To him study did not mean performing all the tasks assigned by the teacher without thinking and reasoning.He must be unhappy to be told to memorize what he was supposed to learn without a thorough understanding.Paragraph 2vHe was motivated by a strong quest for knowledge,not by the desire to distinguish himself in terms of marks.Paragraph 2vWhat kind of school had his father chosen?Why was it wrong for him?v-It was the type of school where students were expected to“do their duty”,that is,to perform all the tasks assigned by the teacher without thinking and reasoning;Paragraph 2vteachers usually asked their students to memorize things without a thorough understanding;students were motivated by the desire to distinguish themselves in terms of marks,“to beat the other fellows,stand high,”Paragraph 3vbear on:be relevant to;have some connection with;relate tovE.g.:Did what he said bear on your problem?vfor keeps:This phrase is used informally,meaning“forever,permanently,for good”Paragraph 3vE.g.:“Can I have one of those cute mementos（漂亮的纪念品）（漂亮的纪念品）”v “Sure.This one is yours,for keeps.”Paragraph 4vappeal to:attract,interestvE.g.:His plan of spending our winter vacation in an orphanage to coach the children there in English appealed to all of us.vAppeal has different meanings in different contexts.Paragraph 4vE.g.:The Municipal Government appealed to(requested)the residents to save water last summer.v The defendant defied the verdict(the official decision made by a jury in a court of law)and appealed to(上诉上诉)the higher court.被告对法庭的裁决不服，向高一级法被告对法庭的裁决不服，向高一级法院提起上诉。院提起上诉。Paragraph 4vthe rudiments:the basics,the fundamentals(The word rudiments is always in the plural form when used in this sense.)基础；基本原理；基础；基本原理；初级阶段，入门初级阶段，入门Paragraph 4vE.g.:the rudiments of grammar 语法入门语法入门v the rudiments of physics 物理学基本原物理学基本原理理v the rudiments of a plan 计划的雏形计划的雏形v the rudiments of civilization 文明的萌芽文明的萌芽Paragraph 4vWhen I knocked at the college gates,I was prepared for a college education in some branches;my mind was hungry enough for the answers to some profound questions to have made me work and develop myself,especially on Paragraph 4vlines which I know now had no ready answers,only more and ever more questions:When I got ready to enter college,I was expecting a college education in some definite fields.I was very eager to know the answers to some questions difficult to understand,andParagraph 4vthat has made me work and improve myself;especially in areas of study where there were no prompt answers,but there were endless questions.Paragraph 4vmetaphysics:the branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts,etc.形形而上学；玄学而上学；玄学vI was not in the least curious about Greek :I wasnt eager to learn Greek at allParagraph 4vnot in the least:not at allvE.g.:Lots of people love to read science fiction,but Im not in the least interested.vThe text begins with his failure to get into university.What caused his failure?(Infer mainly from Paragraphs 3 and 4.)Paragraph 4-He was not interested in those subjects which seemed to him irrelevant to his life,and the teachers failed to interest him in those subjects.As a result,he did not do well in them.This partly accounted for his failure.Paragraph 5vto be crammed for Berkeley:to be stuffed with as much book knowledge as possible for me to pass the entrance examination of the University of California at Berkeleyvcram:learn as much as possible in a short time just before the examinationParagraph 5vE.g.:Learning is a long-range process.Cramming for an examination in the last minute does one no good.vretain:(law)to employ(a lawyer)to act for one,by paying in advance 付定金聘定付定金聘定（律师等）；付定金保留（律师等）；付定金保留vE.g.:retain sb.as ones legal counsel 聘聘定某人为法律顾问定某人为法律顾问Paragraph 5v retain ones rooms for the holidays 付付定金以在外出度假时保留房间定金以在外出度假时保留房间v a retaining fee 律师费律师费vall the poets of all the ages:all the poets of all periods in historyvCompare:of all the ages 不同的历史时代不同的历史时代v of all ages 不同的年龄不同的年龄Paragraph 5vecstasy:(a state of)very strong feeling,especially of joy and happiness 狂喜，入狂喜，入迷：迷：in ecstasies 欣喜若狂；处于狂热状态欣喜若狂；处于狂热状态vE.g.:in an ecstasy of delight 欣喜若狂欣喜若狂v in an ecstasy of grief 悲痛欲绝悲痛欲绝v go into ecstasy when meditating 沉思沉思冥想出了神冥想出了神Paragraph 6vWhat is the antecedent of the pronoun“it”in the first sentence of Paragraph 6?Apart from referring to its antecedent,what cohesive function does it perform?v-“It”refers to the change that had come over him.“It”links the paragraph with the preceding one.Paragraph 6vconscious culture:the cultures(i.e.,customs,arts,social institutions,and achievements of a particular people or social group or nation)that is directly perceptible or known to usvfanatic:one who is very enthusiastic about a particular activityParagraph 6vromance and language sang songs to me:vI enjoyed romance and language so much that they were like songs sung to me.Paragraph 6vinspire:encourage in somebody the desire and ability to take effective action by filling with eagerness,confidence,etc.vE.g.:The Party secretarys words inspired us to work still harder/to greater efforts.Paragraph 6vWhen he read or recited Greek verse the Greeks came to life;romance and language sang songs to me,and I was inspired to be like him,not a hero nor even a poet,but a Greek scholar,and thus an instrument on which beautiful words might play.Paragraph 6vWhen he read or recited Greek poetry,it seemed that what was described in the verse became alive;both the romantic ideas and the poetical lines sounded like beautifulParagraph 6vmusic,and I,just like him,was motivated to be neither a hero in poetry nor a poet who created poetry,but only a student of Greek culture and poetry,in such a way that I would be able to interpret Greek poetry.Paragraph 6vIt was too great and too various for me to personify with my boyish imitations and heroism.vLife was so good and so different in kind that I was not able to express what it was like with my youthful mind and boldnessParagraph 6vpersonify:express or represent(a quality in human form);be a(perfect)example of 象征，体现，成象征，体现，成 典型典型Paragraph 8vsedentary:inactive;done while sitting down 需久坐的，贯坐的需久坐的，贯坐的Paragraph 11vunderline:indicate the importance of，emphasizevwhen I looked balked:when I looked thwarted（畏缩；退缩）（畏缩；退缩）/frustrated（灰（灰心丧气）心丧气）vbalk:stop or intentionally get in the way of 畏缩；突然停止；回避畏缩；突然停止；回避 balked:(here)baffled;frustratedParagraph 11vE.g.:She could hardly remember now what happened to her right after the notification of her sons missing in action.Nightmare rides of balking misery which clattered over wide fields and hills of the rubbled dying.Paragraph 11v她现在几乎无法记起一收到儿子在战斗中下她现在几乎无法记起一收到儿子在战斗中下落不明的通知之后她自己怎么样了。噩梦中，落不明的通知之后她自己怎么样了。噩梦中，痛苦使马畏缩不前，她骑在马上哒哒地走遍痛苦使马畏缩不前，她骑在马上哒哒地走遍广阔的躺满在碎砖烂瓦中正在死去的人的田广阔的躺满在碎砖烂瓦中正在死去的人的田野和山丘。野和山丘。Paragraph 12v“Go to,boy.The world is yours.Nothing is done,nothing is known.The greatest poem isnt written,the best railroad isnt built yet,the perfect state hasnt been thought of.Everything remains to be done-right,everything.”v“Come on,boy.The world belongs to you-you are expected to do creativeParagraph 12vthinking and to act creatively for the world.There is still a lot to be accomplished,and a lot to be found out.No poem written can be called the greatest and no railroad built can be the best.The perfect state has yet to be conceived.Everything has yet to be done.”Paragraph 13va maddening lot:a wild,uncontrollable groupvrighteous sects:morally justifiable groups of people whose religious beliefs are considered different from those of a larger group 正义的派别正义的派别Paragraph 13vrighteous:(of a person or his behavior)(doing what is)morally good and just 正正直的，正当的直的，正当的vclinch:(in the sport of boxing)the position of the two fighters when holding each other too tightly,with the arms（拳（拳击等的）钳住对手击等的）钳住对手Paragraph 13vE.g.:get into a clinch 扭成一团扭成一团vwith a sureness which withstood reference to the books:vwith such a certainty that they did not have to refer to the source of the quotation(他们在引用权威人士所述时是他们在引用权威人士所述时是)如如此地肯定，他们不必提及引文的出处。此地肯定，他们不必提及引文的出处。Paragraph 13vwithstand:hold out against,stand up to,not be changed byvE.g.:Buildings in this area should be able to withstand earthquakes（顶得住地（顶得住地震）震）.v Great works of art/literary works can always withstand the test of time（经得起（经得起时间的考验）时间的考验）Paragraph 13vpapal bull:an official document issued by the Pope,the head of the Roman Catholic Church.vpapal:of the Pope or of the papacy 罗马罗马教皇的教皇的vbull:a solemn official letter from the Pope 教皇训令教皇训令Paragraph 13vverbatim:word for word;in exactly the same wordsvE.g.:copy it verbatim 逐字地抄录逐字地抄录v report a speech verbatim 逐字地报逐字地报道一篇演说道一篇演说v a verbatim reprint 毫无改动的再版毫无改动的再版 Paragraph 13vHow does the man Evelyn Nixon impress you？Support your answer with information from the text.(For supporting information,refer to Paragraphs 6 to 13.)Paragraph 13v-A well-informed Oxford scholar,a god teacher,who knew how to interest his student in what he had to learn,a creative and original man,who was not satisfied with what was known,but was more interested in the exploration and discovery of the unknown.Paragraph 13vThe teacher has turned out to have formed a change over me.How has he achieved this?(For supporting information,refer to Paragraphs 6 to 13)v-He encouraged me to explore into the unknown world;he knows how to interest his student in what he has to learn;Paragraph 13vhe encouraged me to listen to the stimulating Saturday night conversations among all those Oxford and Cambridge men.Paragraph 13vDespite their similar background,the Englishmen who met at the Saturday night gatherings had“no common opinion on anything apparently”(Paragraph 13).By which sentence in the same paragraph is this fact restated?Why does the author seem to emphasize this point?Paragraph 13v-“They could not among them agree on anything but a fact.”To emphasize the originality of these searching minds and the infinite nature of the pursuit of knowledge.Paragraph 14vIt was conversation I was hearing,the free,passionate,witty exchanges of studied minds as polished as fine tools.They were always courteous;no two ever spoke together;there were no asides;they all talked to the question before the house,and while they were on the job of exposition anyone,regardless of his side,Paragraph 14vwould contribute his quota of facts,or his remembrance of some philosophers opinion or some poets perfect phrase for the elucidation or the beautification of the theme.vWhat I was hearing was the unrestrained,earnest,and sparkling interchanges of great