新航道雅思写作从句.pptx

从简单句到从句名词性从句简单句到复杂句v1 什么叫简单句？The girl is nice.My name is 结论:只有一套主谓系统的叫简单句.v2 简单句如何过度到复杂句？v3 句子成分：v 主语，谓语v宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语v谓语：只能用动词来充当v其他：词、短语、句子变化方式v主语 句子充当主语 主语从句v宾语 句子充当宾语 宾语从句v表语 句子充当表语 表语从句v同位语 句子充当同位语 同位语从句v定语 句子充当定语 定语从句v状语 句子充当状语 状语从句v结论：谓语是不能用句子来充当的。v三大从句：v1 名词从句：主、宾、表、同v2 形容词从句：定语从句v3 副词从句：状语从句名词从句思维训练v判断下例哪些是从句,并说出从句做什么成分vA v1 The book is interesting.v2 What I am reading is interesting.vB v1 No one knows exactly the life on other planets.v2 No one knows exactly whether there is life on other planets.vCv 1 English is a useful tool.v 2 English is what I like most among all subjects.vD v1 I love the novel,The Old Man and the Sea.v2 I love the saying that love,not time heals all wounds.v1 The child should be sent to school.v2 My idea is that the child should be sent to school.(表语从句)v1 He succeeded in the experiment.v2 The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody同位语)陈述句做句子成分v一 几种不同的从句v1 English is important.v2 That English is important is an undoubted fact.(主语从句)v1 love,not time heals all wounds.v2 Ive learned that love,not time heals all wounds.(宾语从句)简单句与主语从句v一 陈述句作主语vThat the seas are being over fished has been known for years.v That the plates are moving is not beyondvdispute.v地球板块是漂移的,这一点并非毫无争议.vThat English is important is an undoubted fact.v That the world is round is a fact.“that”的标志作用vThat English is important is an undoubted fact.v注意:that 相当于一个指路牌,相当与告诉读者:that 后面紧接着的句子是要作为另一个句子的某一个成分来使用的.v练习:The criminal confessed his sins harmed many people.vThe criminal confessed that his sins harmed many people.That 的标志作用vHe said no word at the meeting was strange.两种理解方式:v一般状况:宾语从句vHe said that no word at the meeting was strange.(会上,人们发言都很正常,没有什么奇怪的.)v如何变成主语从句?解答vThat he said no word at the meeting was strange.v他在会上一言不发,这真让人觉得有些蹊跷.对于陈述句做主语,更常见的是用it 作形式主语v上面的句子可以改写一下v1 It has been known for years that the seas are being over fished.v2 It is not beyond dispute that the plates are moving.v3 It is an undoubted fact that English is important.v4 It is a fact that the world is round.一般疑问句做句子成分 一般疑问句做成分三步走:v1 1 倒装变陈述倒装变陈述 2 2 句首连接词句首连接词(whether/if)3(whether/if)3 固定固定结构充当成分结构充当成分(whether+(whether+陈述句陈述句)构成四种名词性构成四种名词性从句从句.v1 whether he will come to my party makes no 1 whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me.difference to me.v2 I don2 I dont know if/whether he needs my help.t know if/whether he needs my help.v3 My question is whether people will live on 3 My question is whether people will live on the moon someday.the moon someday.v4 scientists have argued over the question 4 scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets.whether there is life on other planets.特殊疑问句作句子成分v一 变倒装语序为陈述语序vWhy dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery.vI dont know how many letters there are in the English alphabet.vMoney is what we are badly in need of.vThere arose the question where we could get the loan.练习:把下列句子改成由it 做主语的句子v1 That the world is round is a fact.v2 That smoking can cause cancer is true.v3 That English is becoming an international language is true.v4 That they are still alive is a consolation.简单句与宾语从句v陈述句做宾语v一般疑问句做宾语v特殊疑问句做宾语vWe know that the world is round.vI think that a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable to good writing.一般疑问句作宾语v把 whether/if+陈述句 这一结构放在宾语的位置构成宾语从句vI dont know if/whether he needs my help.vNo one knew whether or not interest rates would rise.v注意:只有宾语从句从可以用if 引导,主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句一般都要用whether引导.特殊疑问句作宾语v把特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句.v1 I have not decided whom I should vote for.v2 No one knows exactly how speech began.v3 Could you tell me where the post office is?简单句与表语从句v把that+陈述句 这一结构放在表语的位置即构成表语从句.vMy idea is that the child should be sent to school.v一般疑问句作表语v把whether+陈述句 这一结构放在表语的位置即构成表语从句.vMy concern is whether he comes or not.特殊疑问句作表语v把特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序放在表语的位置即构成表语从句.vChange is what keeps us fresh and innovative.vChange is what keeps us from getting stale.Change is what keeps us young.简单句与同位语从句v同位语?v补充说明名词的成分.v被补充说明的名词叫先行词.当用一个完整的句子来补充说明名词时,即构成同位语从句.v结构:名词+连词+同位语从句 这样的结构.陈述句做同位语v把 that+陈述句 这一结构放在同位语的位置即构成同位语从句.vHe was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights would fall to the ground at the same time.(请找出先行词和同位语从句)vThe fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.一般疑问句作同位语v把whether+陈述句 这一结构放在同位语地位置构成同位语从句vThey are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.特殊疑问句作同位语v把特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序放在同位语的位置即构成同位语从句.vThere arouse the question where we could get the loan.vThe question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration.vI have no idea when he will return.v注意:同位语从句主要是由that 引导,而很少用whether以及连接单词引导,这是因为我们多是用陈述句来补充说明名词的内容,而很少用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句来补充说明名词的内容.课堂练习与总结v一:翻译练习:v1海洋正在被人们过度捕捞,许多年来这已经是尽人皆知的.vThat the seas are being over fished has been known for years.v2地球板块是在漂移的,这一点并非毫无争议.vThat the plates are moving is not beyond dispute.v3我所关心的是孩子应该去上学vMy concern is that the child should be sent to school.