英语基本句型.pptx

一个句子一般由两部分构成，一个句子一般由两部分构成，即即主语部分主语部分和和谓语部分谓语部分，这两部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表宾语，定语，状语，表语语等。等。1）主主语语：是是一一句句的的主主体体，是是全全句句述述说说的的对对象象，常常用用名名词词，数数词词或或代代词词担担任任，一般放于一般放于句首句首。如：。如：Students study.学生学习。学生学习。We are friends.我们是朋友我们是朋友。这这两两句句话话中中单单词词students是是个个名名词，词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。是代词，它们在句中做主语。2）谓谓语语：是是对对主主语语加加以以陈陈述述，表表示示主主语语的的行行为为或或状状态态，常常用用动动词词或或者者动动词词词词组组担担任任，放放在在主主语语的后面。如：的后面。如：Students study.学生学习。学生学习。We are friends.我们是朋友我们是朋友。这这两两句句话话中中单单词词study和和are都都是是动动词词，study叫叫做做实实意意动动词词，are叫叫做做be动动词词，它它们们在句中作谓语。在句中作谓语。3）宾宾语语：表表示示行行为为的的对对象象，常常由由名名词词或或者者代代词词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：We opened the door.我们开门。我们开门。I play with him.我和他一起玩。我和他一起玩。这这两两句句话话中中单单词词door是是名名词词，单单词词him是代词，它们在句中作宾语。是代词，它们在句中作宾语。4）定定语语：是是用用来来说说明明或或者者限限制制名名词词的的成成分分，常常用用形形容容词词或或者者相相当当于于形形容容词词的的短短语语或或从从句句担担任任。形形容容词词放放在在名名词词之之前前，相相当当于于形形容容词词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：This is a red sun.这是个红太阳这是个红太阳He is a tall boy.他是个高个子男孩。他是个高个子男孩。这这两两句句话话中中单单词词red和和 tall都都是是形形容容词词，它们作定语。它们作定语。）状状语语是是用用来来说说明明动动词词，形形容容词词，副副词词或或整整个个句句子子的的成成分分。常常由由副副词词担担任任。修修饰饰动动词词时时可可以以放放在在动动词词之之前前，也也可可以以放放在在动动词词之之后后；修修饰饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。这些学生学习努力。I often write to him.我常给他写信。我常给他写信。The bag is too heavy.这个书包太重了。这个书包太重了。这这三三句句话话中中单单词词hard和和often修修饰饰的的都都是是动动词词，第第三三句句话话中中单单词词too修修饰饰的的是是形形容容词词，它它们们都作状语。都作状语。）表表语语：用用来来说说明明主主语语的的性性质质或或状状态态。一般由一般由名词或者形容词名词或者形容词担任。担任。如：如：This table is long.这个桌子是长的。这个桌子是长的。通通常常情情况况下下，主主语语和和宾宾语语前前的的成成分分是是定定语语，谓谓语语前前的的成成分分是是状状语语，时时间间词词作作状状语语放放在在句句子子后面。句子的成分分布如下：后面。句子的成分分布如下：（定定语语）主主语语（状状语语）谓谓语语（定定语语）宾宾语语（状语）（状语）如如：(The tall)boy(often)goes to(the big)zoo.(The happy)child went(his)home yesterday.英语句子成分歌英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块，英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语表语跑，补语跟着宾语表语跑，定语同位（语）专把名词踹。定语同位（语）专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在，状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少，浑身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。前后乱窜它还会加塞。（RAP）五种基本句型五种基本句型（）主谓（）主谓 They are working hard.（）主谓宾（）主谓宾 I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.（）主谓宾宾（）主谓宾宾 He gave me a new bicycle.（）主系表（）主系表 He is a university student.（）主谓宾宾补（）主谓宾宾补 Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.英语基本句型英语基本句型-1主谓结构主谓结构英语基本句型英语基本句型-1 主谓结构主谓结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构主语加不及物的谓语动词构成成，常用来表示主语的动作。常用来表示主语的动作。此句型的句子有一个共同特点，此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。意思。（不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone(主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰The boy spoke to his teacher.The little boy spoke loudly to his teacher.The little boy called Tom spoke loudly to his math teacher.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3.在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。变化。4.1919年，（在）北京爆发了年，（在）北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。yesterday evening.She went home very latetwo hours.The meeting will last in the past ten years.Great changes have taken placein my home townin 1919.The May Fourth Movement broke outin Beijing英语基本句型英语基本句型-2主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 此句型句子的此句型句子的共同特点共同特点是：是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.宾语成分的多样化宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。使得这一结构异常复杂。如如：1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.6.Mother promises to give me a present.(主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.Unfortunately,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.Unfortunately,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday,which disappointed my mum so much.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3.这本书他读过多次了这本书他读过多次了。4.他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.英语基本句型英语基本句型-3 双宾语结构双宾语结构英语基本句型英语基本句型-3 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间间接宾语（人）接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间后说间接宾语接宾语（人），则要借助于介词（人），则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对朝着，向着，对着着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，表示为了某人，替替某人。某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助（需借助to的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask 等；等；（需借助（需借助for的）的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare 等。等。(主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰Grandma told me a story.As expected,Grandma told me a story.Grandma told me a story for the purpose of cheering me up.Grandma told me one story after another in the hope of cheering me up.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4.他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.英语基本句型英语基本句型-4 主系表结构主系表结构英语基本句型英语基本句型-4 主系表结构主系表结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语组成，主要组成，主要用以说明主语的用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份特征，类属，状态，身份等。系等。系动词有：动词有：1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious.We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work.Deep water stays still.(主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰The soup tastes good.To our surprise,the soup tastes good.The soup tastes good,which is beyond our expectation.Frankly speaking,the soup tastes good.To be honest,the soup tastes so good as to surprise everyone.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。2.他失业了。他失业了。3.树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。4.这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.英语基本句型英语基本句型-5 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补英语基本句型英语基本句型-5 主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾宾语语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.1我们叫她我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.He has his hair cut once a month.We wont let her go out at night.巩固练习：巩固练习：英语基本句型英语基本句型6 There be 句型句型英语基本句型英语基本句型-6 There be 句型句型 说明：说明：此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主语主语+其他其他”构成，构成，用以表达存在关系可以称用以表达存在关系可以称“有有”。它其实是它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用此句型有时不用be动词，而用动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive 等。等。如：如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.be 与与其后的主语其后的主语在人称和数量上在人称和数量上一致一致，有，有时态时态和情态变化和情态变化。如：。如：现在有现在有 There is/are 过去有过去有 There was/were 将来有将来有 There will be；There is/are going to be.现在已经有现在已经有 There has/have been 可能有可能有 There might be.肯定有肯定有 There must be There must have been.过去曾经有过去曾经有 There used to be 似乎有似乎有 There seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 There happen/happens/happened to be There be+主语主语 (例句)There was a big fire in the early April of 1978.There seemed to be a big fire in the early April of 1978.There was said to be a big fire in the early April of 1978.There happened to be a big fire in the early April of 1978.There couldnt have been a big fire in the early April of 1978.1.这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。2.客人当中有两名美国人和三名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和三名法国人。3.公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。4.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5.就只剩下二十八美元了。就只剩下二十八美元了。巩固练习：巩固练习：There was only a well in the village.Among the guests there were two Americans and three Frenchmen.There comes the bus.The light is on.There must be someone in the office.There remained only twenty eight dollars.划分下列句子的句子成分：划分下列句子的句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.1.I am sorry to have kept you _.A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waited 2.She found her dog _ over by a car on the road.A.run B.ran D.to run D.running3.Rose is going to have her hair _.A.do B.done C.did D.doing 4.She felt somebody _ her.A.touched B.touches C.touch D.to touch5.She taught him _ speak English.A.how B.how could he C.how he could D.how to 6.He didnt enjoy the play because he _.A.was boring B.bored C.was bored D.boring 7.I will make your dream _.A.comes true B.to come true C.coming truly D.come true8.He warned _ home.A.us to not go B.us not to go C.we not go D.us not go 9.Canned food does not go _.A.bad easily B.badly easy C.bad easy D.badly easily10.The sad news kept her _ all the night.A.awake B.waken C.wake D.to wake 11.I think _ a bad habit to get up late.A.that B.it C.this D.its 12.He found his money _.A.steal B.stealing C.stolen D.to steal 13.Roses in bloom smell _.A.sweetly B.sweet C.sweeten D.sweetness14.We must have the machine _.A.to repair B.repairing C.repair D.repaired 15.She was lying in the sofa _ a book.A.reading B.read C.to read D.to reading 16.A television set will keep us _ of the news of the day.A.inform B.to inform C.informed D.informing17.The speaker found himself _ all alone.A.left B.leave C.leaving D.to leave18.The speaker found himself _.A.misunderstand B.misunderstanding C.misunderstood D.to misunderstand 19.-My watch is broken.Why dont you _.A.take a repairer your watch B.take your watch a repairer C.take to a repairer it D.take it to a repairer 20.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldnt find _ the hotel.A.how to return to B.how you could go for C.the way back for D.the way back to 21.Yesterday was my birthday.My mother _.A.made a cake to me B.made a cake me C.made for me a cake D.made me a cake22.The teacher _ John a good student.A.believes B.knows C.suggests D.considers23.Its a fine day.Lets go boating,_?A.will we B.dont we C.wont we D.shall we24.Dont smoke in the classroom,_?A.will you B.do you C.dont you D.wont you 25.He seldom has lunch at home,_ he?A.has B.hasnt C.does D.doesnt26.We had to get up early,_ we?A.didnt B.dont C.had D.did27.You had Tom do the job,_ you?A.did B.didnt C.had D.hadnt28.Let us have another look,_ you?A.will B.would C.wont D.wouldnt29.We ought to hand it in today,_ we?A.oughtnt B.dont C.shouldnt D.wont30.There _ two films this week in our school.A.is B.have C.have been D.has 31.There _ a lot of news about the fire on TV last night.A.was B.had C.were D.is 32.There used to be a temple there,_?A.usednt it B.used there C.didnt it D.didnt there 33.There _ a stream in front of our house.A.lies B.has C.stand D.lie