汉英翻译Introduction第一周分析解析.pptx

翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译方法翻译方法翻译程序翻译程序翻译标准翻译标准翻译分类翻译分类翻译定义翻译定义译者素养译者素养翻译简介翻译简介练练习习lThe paint is not yet dry.lThat state has a dry climate in winter.lShe asked for a dry martini.lThe ship was dry and no liquor was allowed.lHe delighted his friends with a dry,covert sense of humor.l他的朋友们喜欢他含蓄冷面的幽默感。ldry seasonl干旱期;旱季la dry welll枯井ldry eyesl无泪的双眼la dry coughl干咳la dry novell枯燥无味的小说la dry answerl冷淡的回答ldry factsl铁的事实;毫不掩饰的事实la dry negotiationl毫无收获的谈判ldry firingl空弹射击l dry runl演习;摹拟投弹练习lThe cow is dry.l母牛缺奶。lThe boy felt dry.l这孩子口渴了。lTranslating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message,first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.(Eugene A.Nida and Charles R.Taber,1982:12)lSome terms:source languagetarget language/receptor languagetranslatororiginal versiontranslationmainClassification of Translationl1.Intralingual/interlingual translationl2.Oral interlingual translation/interpretation,written interlingual translation,machine translationl3.translation of different genres(sci-tific translation,literary translation,etc)plete/full translation,partial translation/selective translation,abstract translation,translation plus editing,etcmainQualities for a good translatorl1.good bi-lingual competence,esp.understanding and expressingYou cant be too careful.It is five years since he smoked.This large body of men had met on the previous night,despite the elements which were opposed to them,a heavy rain falling the whole of the night and drenching them to the skin.这一大群人头天晚上还是聚到了一起，尽管这一大群人头天晚上还是聚到了一起，尽管老天与他们作老天与他们作对对，整夜下着倾盆大雨，大家被淋着浑身湿透。，整夜下着倾盆大雨，大家被淋着浑身湿透。l2.broad knowledgeBig brother(from the name of the head of state in Orwells Nineteen Eighty-four);kick bucket;l3.translation strategies,techniquesl4.careful and conscientious attitudemainPrinciple of translationlfaithfulness,expressiveness,elegancel信信 达达 雅雅 -严复严复天演论天演论lfaithfulness,expressiveness,closenessl信信 达达 切切 -刘重德刘重德翻译十讲翻译十讲lspiritual conformityl以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似在神似l-傅雷傅雷lAdaptation l化境化境 -钱仲书钱仲书lExcellent translation faithfully reflects all the original passage in vocabulary,syntax,even punctuation and spelling.lfaithfulness,smoothness例句l从小儿三灾八难，花的银子也照样打出你这么个银人儿来了。（红楼梦）lYouve had one trouble after another since you were a boy,the money weve spent on you would make a silver statue bigger than you.Faithfulnesslbe faithful to the content 1Avoid word for word translation2Avoid cultural misunderstanding3Avoid the misunderstanding of idiomslbe faithful to the style1Avoid word for word translationlgreatest compensation for wrongful imprisonment.1对错误监禁的最大数额的赔偿。对错误监禁的最大数额的赔偿。2最大数额的冤狱赔偿金。最大数额的冤狱赔偿金。lThe chief criminals shall be punished without fail.主要罪犯绝对要受到惩罚。主要罪犯绝对要受到惩罚。首恶必办。首恶必办。lDidnt you go to see the film last night?lNo,I didnt.你昨晚没去看电影是吗？你昨晚没去看电影是吗？是的，我没去。是的，我没去。main2Avoid cultural misunderstandinglLove me,love my dog.lEvery dog has its day.ltalk horselthe Milky Waylthe apple of my eyemain3 Avoid the misunderstanding of idiomslYou can not trust him to keep a secret,he is sure to spill the beans before long.l切勿相信他会保守秘密，过不切勿相信他会保守秘密，过不久他肯定会泄露于人的。久他肯定会泄露于人的。l I am sorry.I will eat my words.l对不起，我收回我说的话。对不起，我收回我说的话。mainFaithful to the stylelformal&informallpositive/negativelhumorous/rigidlThat man was so rude to me.I wouldnt go back to that job for all the tea in China!l那人对我太无礼了那人对我太无礼了,我无论如何也不再去做那份工作了我无论如何也不再去做那份工作了.l那家伙对我太无礼了那家伙对我太无礼了,八抬大轿来请八抬大轿来请,我也不去做那份工作我也不去做那份工作了了.lI am up to my neck in your bullshit.l你害得我好苦。你害得我好苦。l你让我倒他妈的八辈子邪霉了。你让我倒他妈的八辈子邪霉了。mainProcess of translationl1.Understanding1.Understanding the meaning of diction in the context2.Understanding the backgroundl2.expressing and re-expressing1.Expressing2.Re-expressingl3.editing1-1.Understanding the meaning of diction in the contextlA)Draw a line from A to B.lB)The ship crossed the line.lC)Cooking is more in your line than mine.lD)She bought an overcoat lined with silk.The process of understandinglfirst reading,general reading for main idea,theme,backgroundlsecond reading,careful reading for detailslfinal reading for stylistic features,spiritHow to understandl1)contextual analysis The slums offered an ugly contrast to the classical grandeur of official Washington.The baseball season opens this afternoon and I suspect that most of official Washington are out at the field,including the president and many of the members of the Cabinet.John is now with his parents in New York;it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.l2)logical analysisThe old man informed us that his wife had thirteen children,one in every month of the year and one over besides.main2-1.Expressing lExpress the content and in the meantime keep the original form mainly including structure arrangement,image,figure of speech,etc.我从乡下跑到城里来，一转眼已经六年了。我从乡下跑到城里来，一转眼已经六年了。Six years have passed by in a flash/in a twinkle since I came to the city from the countryside.lKeep the original content,sacrificing the form.l有个农村叫张家庄，张家庄有个张木匠，有个农村叫张家庄，张家庄有个张木匠，张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫“小飞蛾小飞蛾”，“小飞蛾小飞蛾”生了个女儿叫艾艾。生了个女儿叫艾艾。l There was a village called Zhangjia Village,where lived Carpenter Zhang,who had a good wife,nicknamed little Moth,who gave birth to a girl called Ai ai.lCreationl不爱红装爱武装。不爱红装爱武装。lprefer to face the powder,rather than powder the face.l生当为人杰，死亦为鬼雄。生当为人杰，死亦为鬼雄。lBe man of men,be soul of souls.l无边落木萧萧下无边落木萧萧下lboundless forest sheds leaves shower by shower2-2.Re-expressingl1.improving Chinese readabilitylCotton feels soft.l棉花使人感到柔软。棉花使人感到柔软。l棉花摸上去柔软。棉花摸上去柔软。lEven if you go there,there wouldnt be any result.l即使你去了，也不会有什么结果。即使你去了，也不会有什么结果。l你去了也是白去。你去了也是白去。mainl2.getting rid of the bound of original wordslAny person not leaving litter in this basket will be liable to a fine of 5.l（杂物需扔入篓内，凡乱扔者罚款（杂物需扔入篓内，凡乱扔者罚款5英镑）英镑）lDistance from the event should make the memories less painful.l事件的久远自然会减少回忆的痛苦。事件的久远自然会减少回忆的痛苦。l 时过境迁，痛苦的往事自然在记忆中淡漠。时过境迁，痛苦的往事自然在记忆中淡漠。lHis irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.l他的烦恼经不起安静的良宵美景的感染力。他的烦恼经不起安静的良宵美景的感染力。l更深夜静，美景宜人，他的烦恼不禁烟消云散更深夜静，美景宜人，他的烦恼不禁烟消云散 mainTranslating MethodslLiteral translationlFree translationlTransliterationLiteral translationlIn the course of translation,not alter the original sentence pattern,structure,image,figures of speech.lIt takes sentences as its basic units and takes the whole text into consideration.lIt strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works.lThe translation should be smooth,natural and acceptable.mainFree translationlTranslate the content,without paying attention to the formal correspondence and the translation should be smooth,natural and acceptable.lIt is a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without having to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech,images,etc.Literal or free translation?lValuable left in full view can be open invitation to theft.直译：把贵重物品放在显眼处，等于是给小偷发请帖。直译：把贵重物品放在显眼处，等于是给小偷发请帖。意译：应妥善保管贵重物品，以防被盗。意译：应妥善保管贵重物品，以防被盗。lA gift is the key to open the door closed against.直译：礼物是打开把你关在门外的房门的钥匙。直译：礼物是打开把你关在门外的房门的钥匙。意译：大门把你关在外，礼物送到门自开。意译：大门把你关在外，礼物送到门自开。lEvery life has its roses and thorns.直译：每个人的一生都既有玫瑰，又有荆棘。直译：每个人的一生都既有玫瑰，又有荆棘。意译：人生总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。意译：人生总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。lIt means killing 2 birds with one stone.l这意味着一石二鸟这意味着一石二鸟/一举两得一举两得/一箭双雕一箭双雕l不要班门弄斧不要班门弄斧lDont teach your grandmother to suck eggs.Never offer to teach a fish to swim.Dont display your axe at lu Bans door.lHitler was armed to the teeth when he lunched WWII.（武装到牙齿（武装到牙齿/全副武装，全副武装，装备齐全）装备齐全）lDont shed crocodile tears.（鳄鱼的眼泪、（鳄鱼的眼泪、/假惺惺的哭）假惺惺的哭）lThere is no pot so ugly it cant find a lid.l(壶再丑，也能找到盖子壶再丑，也能找到盖子/鱼恋鱼，虾恋虾，乌龟找鱼恋鱼，虾恋虾，乌龟找王八）王八）lBarbara was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.l（嘴里叼着银羹出生（嘴里叼着银羹出生/出生于富贵人家）出生于富贵人家）lCast pearls before swine.l（把珍珠扔到猪面前（把珍珠扔到猪面前/对牛弹琴）对牛弹琴）lWhen Greek meets Greek,then comes the tug of war.l张飞杀岳飞，杀的满天飞张飞杀岳飞，杀的满天飞l两雄相遇，其斗必烈。两雄相遇，其斗必烈。lSolomon lIn the kingdom of the blind,the one-eyed man is King.l（生在盲人国，独眼也称王）（生在盲人国，独眼也称王）lcry up wine and sell vinegarl（喊卖酒其实是卖醋（喊卖酒其实是卖醋/挂羊头卖狗肉）挂羊头卖狗肉）lgentlemens agreementl君子协定君子协定lYou can take a horse to the water but can not make it drink.l老牛不喝水老牛不喝水,不能强按头不能强按头lI want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin.我要的是这样一个人，他会在钦我要的是这样一个人，他会在钦敦江破釜沉舟敦江破釜沉舟l死死lbreathe ones lastgo to ones eternal restthe long sleeppass awaysee Godsee Marxsee ones ancestorsgo westgo to heavenkick the bucketlpaper tiger纸老虎、外强中干者纸老虎、外强中干者lthe three religions and the nine schools of thought三教九流三教九流lthe Four Books and the Five Classics四书五经四书五经mainTransliteration字译字译/音译音译l1)pronunciation Yin Yang,logic,gongfu,TaiChi,kowtoul2)names and places with special meaning and implication typhoon,model,hacker贾宝玉（贾宝玉（Magic Jade)l 3)similar meaning and similar pronunciation for trademarks or brand namesKodak;Pentium（奔腾中央处理器）（奔腾中央处理器）;Tencent（腾讯）（腾讯）l4)abbreviations,acronyms (international practice)Gallup Poll;盖洛普民意测验盖洛普民意测验 OPECmainSkills of Translationl1.Amplification（增词法）（增词法）l2.Omission（减词法）（减词法）l3Conversion（转译法）（转译法）l4.Extension（引申法）（引申法）l5.Repetition(重复法）重复法）l6.Reconstructuring(结构调整法）结构调整法）l7.Mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions(正反和反正译正反和反正译法）法）mainPracticelA translator has to know everything of something and something of everythingl一个笔译人员对一些事情要什么都懂，对所一个笔译人员对一些事情要什么都懂，对所有事情都要懂一些。有事情都要懂一些。l翻译人员对有些事情要无所不晓，翻译人员对有些事情要无所不晓，对所有事情又要略知一二。对所有事情又要略知一二。l翻译人员搞学问，既要精深，翻译人员搞学问，既要精深，又要渊博。又要渊博。lStudies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse,and for ability,is in the judgment and disposition of business.l读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居情也，最见于独处幽居 之时；其博彩也，最见之时；其博彩也，最见 于高谈阔论之中；其长于高谈阔论之中；其长 才也，最见于处世判事才也，最见于处世判事 之际。之际。lWhen we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.l当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是难以想象的。当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是难以想象的。我们很少想到死。来日方长，前途无量。于我们很少想到死。来日方长，前途无量。于是，我们整日忙于琐碎的事情，根本意识不是，我们整日忙于琐碎的事情，根本意识不到我们对生活的漠然态度。到我们对生活的漠然态度。l一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人以温存，言，轻拍友人背；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人以温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可以用以挥手道给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可以用以挥手道别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以用以平息争吵，别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以用以平息争吵，减轻痛苦，提高士气，消除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。减轻痛苦，提高士气，消除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。lA greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand,lend an ear,pat a back,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-bye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,boost a morale,stop a worry,and start a tradition.Thank you!